Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

fat/grease

Semantic Field
body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
grasa
Meaning Portuguese
gordura

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim wipt 177 inheritance Jane Hill
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone juhu-pin inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla wi-ly inheritance S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok sy/m:ity- inheritance Jane Hill
Chemehuevi juhu/-v(i) inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno -xil (adj?) inheritance Klar 1977:85 Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno s-xil (adj?) inheritance Klar 1977:85 Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno kiLhi, qiLhi (N & Adj in JPH) inheritance Klar 1977:85 Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno ts7aLxilinich hesikHpu “my hands are greasy” inheritance JPH Jane Hill
Cocopa shay inheritance Jane Hill
Comanche juhhu “lard, grease, fat” inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño wi-ly [wiʎ̥] inheritance Jane Hill
Gabrielino wita: inheritance Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa weshay (weshaaych) [wəˈşai] inheritance Jane Hill
Kawaiisu jyhuu-vy inheritance Jane Hill
Kiliwa sa7 inheritance Jane Hill
Kitanemuk wipt inheritance Jane Hill
Lake Miwok Se/tta inheritance Jane Hill
Luiseño wi7 (possessed only) inheritance Jane Hill
Maidu hy\t'i/ unknown Jane Hill
Mojave 7amusay inheritance Jane Hill
Mutsun sakker (sawre- “to be fat”) inheritance O77:125 Jane Hill
Northern Paiute juhupi inheritance Thornes 03:106 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok sym:it-y- inheritance Jane Hill
Plains Miwok wata:ka- unknown Jane Hill
Salinan A uprent (A), unknown Jane Hill
Salinan M upe/nt unknown Mason 1918:128 Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) iha/x unknown Jane Hill
Serrano wip-t inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Paiute juu-S inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok sym:it- inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Ute juu/-, juuvY, juu/pY, juu/vI, etc. inheritance Jane Hill
Tübatulabal wip-t inheritance Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone juhupin inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo hu/m-is loan Jane Hill
Washo t'i/:dym unknown J250 Jane Hill
Western Mono juhu/bi, inheritance Jane Hill
Wintu hu:m inheritance Jane Hill
Yokuts Palewyami hIga inheritance K1963 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi he:xa inheritance K07:241, G64 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne he:xa7, hix-a:c'/ inheritance N1944:75, 165 Jane Hill
Yuki lu(:)l inheritance S&S 1984 Jane Hill
Baniwa -íitti -íit̪i inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Carijona ikatɨ inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo dẽ'ṍ dẽ'ṍ unique See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw nẽg næ̃g inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano ʉyi ɨji inheritance See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa dɨ(hi)ɨrɨba dɨ(hi)ɨrɨba doubtful loan Bora: Muinane: dɨ́ɨrɨba; Bora tɯ́ɯ́rɯpa; not clear how this could have happened but the words look very similar indeed and there is nothing like this in the other Carib lgs See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï ʰkalawa unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani ogĩ-ye unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup náŋ ~dág inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua jî doubtful loan into proto-language E Tukanoan, e.g. Desano ɨji; compare also Puinave ye See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi kaiwan (IDS) kaiwan (IDS) doubtful loan, direction unknown Arawak- Wapishana: kʰiwinii See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Nheengatu kawaçawa (kawa=gordo, sawa=nominalizer) kawasawa (kawa=gordo, sawa=nominalizer) unknown See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Ninam ũta ũta unique See Language page Kelsey Neely
Nukak jii3 doubtful loan into proto-language E Tukanoan, e.g. Desano ɨji; compare also Puinave ye See Language page Lauren Franklin
Maihiki ba ba unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon kasek, porin (A1981); ikasek (M2000) kasek, poɾin (A1981) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Sanumá tapu tapu inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani pe-nasí:tsi-to inheritance See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tariana kepíte 'fat' kepíte 'fat' unique See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tukano ʉ'sê (hr) ɨ'sê (hr) inheritance E Tuk See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria se (Waltz) se (Waltz) inheritance E Tuk See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam wĩte, tapɨ (both "fat") wĩte, tapɨ inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami tapɨ-tapɨ tapɨ-tapɨ inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna jilaji hilahi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yuhup dã̌g dã̌g inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Arabana marni inheritance Claire Bowern
Bardi beng beng inheritance Claire Bowern
Bunuba [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Burarra burlurla unknown Claire Bowern
Dhangu djukurr(') inheritance Claire Bowern
Dhuwal djukurr(') Claire Bowern
Dhuwala djukurr(') inheritance Claire Bowern
Diyari marni inheritance Claire Bowern
DiyariREU mani inheritance Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu 2300 unknown Claire Bowern
Djapu djukurr(') unknown Claire Bowern
Djinang guḻtji unknown Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng meloonggeng inheritance Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi min.ga Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu djukurr(') inheritance Claire Bowern
Gurindji wararr unique Claire Bowern
Jabirr-Jabirr beng beng inheritance Claire Bowern
Jaru guri doubtful loan Claire Bowern
Jawi li li inheritance Claire Bowern
Karajarri laya loan Nyulnyulan; Warra? Claire Bowern
Kija murlungku- loan Claire Bowern
Malyangapa marni doubtful loan Claire Bowern
Mangala ngakarl inheritance Claire Bowern
Miriwung ngandegeng loan Jaminjung Claire Bowern
Mithaka nyilki loan Yalarnnga Claire Bowern
Mudburra dika Claire Bowern
Mudburra dika loan Claire Bowern
Ngamini marni inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngarluma jinji Claire Bowern
Ngumbarl lēda liida inheritance Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi marni inheritance Claire Bowern
Nimanburru lede lede inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla mannga Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta pajali unknown Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta 3903 loan Pilbara Claire Bowern
Nyikina lagaba lakaba inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul led; led; inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi murni inheritance Claire Bowern
Pirriya thutha inheritance Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta thuta inheritance Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu dhoyu Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu djukurr(') inheritance Claire Bowern
Walmajarri jira unknown Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru thutha inheritance Claire Bowern
Warrwa lagaba lakaba inheritance Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu gandarr-yindi unknown Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha marni, marnipika inheritance Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi palki-palkira loan Maric Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka wartji unique Claire Bowern
Yawuru lida lida inheritance Claire Bowern
Achagua júuwika júuwka inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco iséená isé:ná See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari íʔit̪i íʔit̪i See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero mungu; c̷ita mungu; tsita See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Wapishana kʰiwinii kʰiwinii doubtful loan, direction unknown Carib; Makushi kaiwan, Mapoyo kauri See Language page Ana Paula B.
Yine nhi-či See Language page PLE Also kpitʸowaka. 'Oily' is xhi. *Piro-Apuriná form is *n-hĩ-c̷i.
Paresi ekolotene, koloteniti ekolotene, koloteniti unknown See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano -'uhewa; -sinanewa See Language page PLE Also 'tauhewa; tiuhe.
Trinitario #NAME? See Language page PLE
Baure eskiap eskiap unknown See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá #NAME? #NAME? unknown See Language page Joyce McCormick
Arutani wiñaya wiɲaya See Language page John Blaha
Sape kun kun See Language page John Blaha
Cha'palaa 'mulʸi See Language page PLE A fat man is 'aa-'ruku; a fat woman is 'aa-'šinbu; a fat animal is 'naku'lulu.
Bora tḯḯrïpa tɯ́ɯ́rɯpa inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane dɨ́ɨrɨba dɨ́ɨrɨba See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio iibuunek, biiuunek (fat) ibunɛk, biunɛk (fat) unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin
Apalai tykasere tɨkasere unknown See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Wayana ikat ikat inheritance See Language page PLE
Tiriyó katï katɨ inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Makiritare kātɨ (IDS); cha:tü (KH) (means 'animal fat') ka:tɨ (IDS); tʃa:tɨ (KH) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Mapoyo kauri-'bë (kauri-'më) kauri-'bɛ (kauri-'mɛ) See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Wai Wai katɨ katɨ inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Yabarana ka'sori See Language page Ana Paula B., John Blaha
Yukpa somuka See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Kalapalo isatïgï isatɨgɨ unknown See Language page Joyce McCormick
Barí ahtooto See Language page PLE *Chibchan form is *'kia.
Northern Emberá nee beʉwá neː beʉwá See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena (ne-)'traa See Language page PLE A fat person/animal is po'ree.
Guayabero pasí inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Macaguan penítsa penítsa inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cuiva pe-nasí-wa grasa, grease, animal fat Huber & Reed 1992:267 Rebecca Khorram
Cofán yaya'pa jaijaʔpa See Language page Daniel Valle phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Taushiro i´jah iʔxah See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez [mdee'ɣa] (Sp. mantega) See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna tʃiːɯ unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina erene erene unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa minjiká minjiká See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Andoke kehehie(w) (RW52) unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé ñõ See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave -ye; -i + yek je; -i + jek unknown possible cognate or loan Kakua-Nukak See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Máku e:künü e:künü See Language page PLE
Ashuar mácha maʧa See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa kuntut kuntut See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna kuntúk kuntúk inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ʃɨːj unique See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect ʃɨːj See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses bëchi bɨtʃi unknown See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo ṣ̌ɨni See Language page PLE *Panoan *ṣ̌ɨni; *ṣ̌oa[CV].
Katukina šɨni See Language page PLE
Shipibo-Konibo ṣ̌ɨni See Language page PLE
Yaminahua ṣ̌ini See Language page PLE
Chácobo ṣ̌ɨni ṣ̌ɨni inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua nidi nı̃ndi unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua grasa (Spanish loan) gɾasa See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá wira wira See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua huira wira See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano wira wiɾa See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa ade ãdẽ inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva õdeeto õdeeto inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Bará ɨ'hé See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano ɨje ɨje See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana ʉse ɨsɛ See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna ɨje ɨje inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yuruti ɨ́see ɨ́see See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana ɨʔ'se ɨʔ'se See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano ʉiyé ɨijé See Language page Ana Paula, Kelsey Neely
Tanimuca ijeba-ka ijeba-ka inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo ɨ'he ɨ'he See Language page Emily Buell, Paulina Franco
Tuyuka ɨ'se ɨʔse See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja ɨhɛ́ ɨhɛ́ See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje uchape'e udʒapeʔe unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona wiʔyapˀe; maha wiʔjapˀe; maha inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya hui'yape wiʔ'japɛ See Language page Amanda N
Wayampi ka ka inheritance See Language page PLE
Aché ipa unknown See Language page PLE
Chiriguano (če-)kɨra inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní ɲaⁿdɨ; kɨra-kue See Language page PLE
Sirionó ekira; i̯eĩ̯kira; mae kira ekira; i̯eĩ̯kira; mae kira inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá kap kap inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina fajiin ɸahĩĩ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Nɨpode Witoto páre párɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto ɸáre ɸárɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto ɸare ɸarɛ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito huíira wíira loan Quechua See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Záparo k+raka (ɡordo/ɡorda) kɨɾaka See Language page Becky Walker
Wari homain homain See Language page PLE
Araona e-c̷ei See Language page PLE *Tacn form is *e-c̷e-ŕi.
Ese Ejja e-sei inheritance See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-sei e-sei See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana e-c̷ei See Language page PLE
Cavineña hohi-da; ise; e-c̷e-ri; manteka; e-ceri (G71) (The latter is from the Spanish "manteca") hohi-da; ise; e-če-ri; manteka; e-ceri (G71) inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara lik´i likʔi See Language page PLE
Cayuvava ču'pahiha See Language page PLE
Itonama daʔlele; kahanaʔna See Language page PLE
Kwazá kɛ̃imũ, jãtsi- kɛ̃imũ, jãtsi- See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané 'čœye See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE
Movima mes-kʷa mes-kʷa See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai tsʔa tsʔa unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang ràm rəm; -tãŋ See Language page PLE
Karajá deni-deni (?) See Language page PLE
Djeoromitxi tõ tõ See Language page PLE
Chipaya kʰewa See Language page PLE Uru-J form is kʰewa. A 'fat' animal is x̣ata.
Mocoví le-ʔwegaʁa; l-oʔyo See Language page PLE
Pilagá li-čita; l-apiyo See Language page PLE Lit. '3pp-grease'; '3pp-fat'.
Toba l-čita; l-piyo See Language page PLE
Lengua pithmuk See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité akpiɬmok See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet peɬmok; waetke kpeɬmok; [kraasa] See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay [tu'lu]-peʔ See Language page PLE From Span. 'toro', lit. 'cow (its) grease'.
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -peʔ See Language page PLE
Maca -uxeʔ (m.) See Language page PLE
Nivaclé ɬa-peʔ-nɔk; ɬ-ɔtxei grease, fat https://ids.clld.org/ PLE Respectively: 'grasa derretida de animal'; 'grasa de animal'.
Ayoreo ii; 'kučaa 'ii-odeʔ See Language page PLE
Mapudungun yiwiɲ See Language page PLE Ranquel form is yuwin ~ yiwiɲ.
Selknam òʔl-n See Language page PLE
Tehuelche 'ām; 'ol See Language page PLE Respectively: solid fat; liquid fat/grease'.
Lokono khi(-hi) kʰi(-hi) fat Pet 1987:357 Camille Unger
Kariña kapa kapa grease Courtz 2007:290 Camille Unger