Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

climb

Semantic Field
motion
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
subir
Meaning Portuguese
subir

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone to7aih, to7oih, to7ih (w Ips); tyn-to7aih “to climb up” inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla -chawa- inheritance S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok chy:m-, chi:m- inheritance Jane Hill
Chemehuevi ma-ruka-n7a “climb on that” unique Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno napay “ascend”(“climb” in Wash p. 40) inheritance Klar 1977:66 Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno shy-Vn “to climb cliffs” unknown A 211 Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno tynepa, tinapa “ascend” inheritance Klar 1977:66 Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno apyti, aqapet unknown JPH Jane Hill
Cocopa kuLy inheritance Jane Hill
Comanche soho ro7ity “climb up” inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño chaway-in, -yax [tʃawayin], [tʃawayax] inheritance Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa wekull [wəˈkʊɫ] inheritance Jane Hill
Kawaiisu chipii- inheritance Jane Hill
Kiliwa ch7ii-k unknown Jane Hill
Kitanemuk 7ochyk (intr) inheritance Jane Hill
Lake Miwok 7e/ttu inheritance Jane Hill
Luiseño hila/la~i unknown Jane Hill
Maidu ly/kdoj unknown Jane Hill
Mojave akuuly= inheritance Jane Hill
Mutsun hopey! Ascend! (tree) unknown O77:189 Jane Hill
Nisenan k2lno unknown Jane Hill
Northern Paiute po7ja (sg) unknown SAA 1982:62 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok cy:my- inheritance Jane Hill
Plains Miwok pajtu- inheritance Jane Hill
Salinan A co:UL “climb, chase up unknown Jane Hill
Salinan M a/xap, axa:/ta 'climb, rise' unknown Mason 1918:139 Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) cOquiipax unknown Jane Hill
Serrano hwA:c-q unknown Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok cy:m- inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Ute chIvy7a, chIpi “climb on” inheritance Jane Hill
Tübatulabal wilaa7la-t unknown Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone tynto7eh, tonto7eh inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo mehya/se7 unknown Jane Hill
Washo p'a/:t'i unknown J510 Jane Hill
Western Mono maaba- (go uphill, mountains, etc.), unique Jane Hill
Wintu dika inheritance Jane Hill
Yavapai chkpa/: unknown Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne *hala:- unknown N1944:78 Jane Hill
Yuki ya7 unknown S&S1984 Jane Hill
Yuma aku:ly H5:106 inheritance Jane Hill
Baniwa híra híra inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Cubeo ẽmʉñʉ; mañʉ; mʉñʉ; tucʉẽmʉñʉ; tucʉmʉñʉ ẽmɨjɨ; majɨ; mɨjɨ; tukɨẽmɨjɨ; tukɨmɨjɨ inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw sak ʃak inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano mᵾria-ri mɨɾia-ɾi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa -osan(-mɨ)(-mi) (IDS) -osan(-mɨ)(-mi) (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï bẽbai unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani æ̃; æ̃-i unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup cak- cak- inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua ʔǎbm-beh [go.up-go] unknown See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi enuku (IDS) enuku (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Nheengatu yupíri jupiɾi inheritance See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Ninam tɨ (EM72) tɨ inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Maihiki mɨiyi mɨiji inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon enku, emaika / yuma (A1981) enku, emaika / dʒuma (A1981) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Resígaro i?šú iʔʃú inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Sanumá tu (EM72) tu inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tariana dhísa, dísa dʰísa, dísa inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Kotiria to move upward/go uphill: ~baha/ -~baha bãhã/ -bãhã inheritance E Tuk See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam tu tu inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami tuo, torekaɨ, torekeaɨ, torekou tuo, toɾekaɨ, toɾekeaɨ, toɾekou inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna i'ijrakaje iʔihrakahe inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Arabana ta-wonkata inheritance? Claire Bowern
Bardi daab -joo- daab -ju- inheritance Claire Bowern
Bunuba bara- unknown Claire Bowern
Burarra warrcha unknown Claire Bowern
Dhangu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Dhuwal [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Dhuwala giḻaŋdhun unknown Claire Bowern
Diyari karri- doubtful loan Claire Bowern
DiyariREU katibanta inheritance Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djapu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djinang galaltjigi unknown Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng berdin inheritance Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi bar- inheritance Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu giḻaŋdhun unknown Claire Bowern
Gurindji partaj ya- loan Miriwung Claire Bowern
Jaru badayi loan Claire Bowern
Karajarri kanti (4) inheritance Claire Bowern
Kija pertij inheritance Claire Bowern
Malyangapa kutja- unique Claire Bowern
Mangala karnti inheritance Claire Bowern
Miriwung berdin inheritance Claire Bowern
Mithaka kati- inheritance Claire Bowern
Mudburra duwaj (karri-, ku-ya) Claire Bowern
Mudburra bardaj loan Claire Bowern
Ngamini katiya inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngandi X missing Claire Bowern
Ngarluma garlba Claire Bowern
Ngumbarl laggal <laggal> inheritance Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi walki semantic shift Claire Bowern
Nimanburru ma-wanjen ma-wanyen inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla karnti Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta karntinyi- (V1) inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta karntinyaku inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyikina lakarr lakarr inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul ma-wanjen ma-wanyen inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi biṉa- unique Claire Bowern
Pirriya [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta kathi inheritance Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu ŋalthun Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu ngal'yun inheritance Claire Bowern
Walmajarri paraya- loan Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru kathi- inheritance Claire Bowern
Wubuy adada-, rlarlaga unknown Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu ŋal'thun inheritance Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha kari, karithalka, walki inheritance Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi wiljpa unique Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka watjitatjari unique Claire Bowern
Yawuru ma-wanjen ma-wanyen inheritance Claire Bowern
Achagua íireriu íireriu inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco michàacawa mitʃàakawa See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari irhé irhé See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero kuwa; ku'a kuwa; kuʔa See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Wapishana ẓaida-n ẓaida-n unique See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu aľɨka See Language page PLE
Paresi kenekoa, kakoha (vertical) kenekoa, kakoha (vertical) unique See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano -'apana See Language page PLE
Trinitario #NAME? See Language page PLE
Baure aroč- arotʃ- unique See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá piyu piju unique See Language page Joyce McCormick
Cha'palaa 'lu-nu; 'la-nu See Language page PLE See previous entry.
Bora nériivye, néhriba (T98) nériiβje, néʔripa unknown See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio eegainuunnö egaɪ'nunnö inheritance Venezuelan See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin
Apalai onuhnõko onuhnõko inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Wayana ëhanuk ǝhanuk inheritance See Language page PLE
Tiriyó anu(ku) anu(ku) inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Makiritare -annuʔku- (IDS) -annuʔku- (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Wai Wai kayi-na-sɨ kayi-na-sɨ unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Waimiri Atroari oosa, wook oosa, wook See Language page Melody Ann Ross, PLE
Yabarana ɜnukuɾu (he climbs) See Language page Ana Paula B., John Blaha
Yukpa kivana, nonako, nonoke, ono´kepo, onoko, onokpo, suksa, yüponok, yuponoko, yüponotko See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Muisca ichiegosqua iʂieγoskua See Language page Daniel Valle
Northern Emberá ntá ntá See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena ɨ'tʰɨ pa- See Language page PLE Lit. 'up.there arrive'.
Macaguan junín hunín unknown See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Candoshi-Shapra kárimaama kárimaama unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Taushiro ha' haʔ See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez tejca-, cãj- texkaa-, kãx- See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna ná-ina-guê (Alv44) náʔinaʔgɨ unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina ini ini unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Andoke '-kẽ́'kʌda -kẽ́ʔkʌda unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé bua See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave [-hõn] hõn unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Ashuar wákatin wakatin See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa wakatasa wakatasa See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna wát wat inheritance? See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect ʃǝ̱:g, ʃǝ:k inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses dectato dektato unknown See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo 'mapɨra'kɨ-ti See Language page PLE *Panoan *mapɨ-; *ʔina-.
Katukina nɨʔɨ-ʔina See Language page PLE
Shipibo-Konibo nɨɨti See Language page PLE
Yaminahua ina-kĩ See Language page PLE
Chácobo ina- ina- inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua jasumiy xasumij unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua awayana awajana See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá sikai sikai See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua sicana sikana See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano lloqay, seqay ʎoqaj, seqaj See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa ćo'acih s'oɁakih unknown See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Carapana wãmᵾrĩqũẽ wãmɨɾĩkẽ See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna maja-re (horizontally); mᵾja-re (vertically); roja wa-re ('to climb down a hill'); ruji-re ('to climb down a tree/steep hill; identical with sit) maxa-ɾe; mɨxa-ɾe; ɾoxa wa-ɾe; ɾuxi-ɾe inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Tanimuca bĩ'ã ri'ka bĩ'ã ri'ka inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje maimʉ maimʉ inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona mëaji mɨahi inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya mai, mëi mai, mɨi See Language page Amanda N
Karitiana amo amo unknown See Language page Daniel Valle
Kokama warika warika unique See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi #NAME? #NAME? inheritance See Language page PLE
Aché ǰopi inheritance See Language page PLE
Chiriguano ǰupi inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní ǰu-pi; [ɲekarama] See Language page PLE
Sirionó ɲui̯ ɲui̯ inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá omajwu (M2000) omajwu (M2000) unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina aau aaɯ unique See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Murui Witoto llɨode dʒɯode (B83) unique See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito maacaani maakaani inheritance See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Záparo makanu makanu See Language page Becky Walker
Wari pantara' (climb over, E&K97) pantaraʔ (climb over, E&K97) See Language page PLE
Araona tenaikana See Language page PLE Animals climbing into the trees.
Ese Ejja/Huarayo ani-sowa-ki- (Girard 1971); sowa- (Girard 1971) ani-sowa-ki-; sowa- See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana c̷oa-; sikʷa- See Language page PLE
Cavineña cora- (G71) cora- (G71) inheritance? See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara makhataña, mistuña warkkatta-ɲa See Language page PLE
Itonama nakasna See Language page PLE
Kwazá ori- ori- See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané 'boxwi See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE Also means 'rise' 10.210.
Movima wele-ɬe wele-ɬe See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Kaingang tãpry, jãpry tãprɨ; yãprɨ; yãŋprɨ; kuΦĩn See Language page PLE
Suyá pí pí See Language page Rebekah Evans
Djeoromitxi huwi huwi See Language page PLE
Chipaya yaw- See Language page PLE
Mocoví ki-šigim See Language page PLE Lit. '(zero) 3p actor-go-up'.
Pilagá we-'nodi-segem See Language page PLE Lit. '3pa-hop/jump-up'.
Toba wi-šigem See Language page PLE
Lengua #NAME? See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité apkanantiyi See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋenamteem See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay ta-weɬ-'čeʔ See Language page PLE
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -kyafʷeliin ~ -c̷yafʷeliin See Language page PLE
Maca -weɬ-xiʔ See Language page PLE Fro example, climb a tree. Also -weɬ-i-ki-pham 'climb a ladder'; -ik-i-ki-pham 'climb a hill'. Cf. 'rise' 10.210.
Nivaclé -wɔʔɬ; -wɔʔɬ-kˀoya climb, climb https://ids.clld.org/ PLE
Ayoreo ee'ru; oo'ru See Language page PLE
Mapudungun rono-pɨra; wenu-pɨra See Language page PLE Ranquel form is pɨra-; wenopɨra.
Selknam xohr See Language page PLE
Kanamarí 1.dadoham/daodoham, 2. hiri, 3. odona 1.dadoham/daodoham, 2. hiri, 3. odona 1. subir, 2. subir, 3. subir, pendurar 1. Magalhães 2018:362, 2. Magalhães 2018:366, 3. Magalhães 2018:372 Maria Castillo
Lokono modyn modɨn climb Pet 1987:354 Camille Unger
Kariña (w)onuku onuku rise, climb Courtz 2007:429 Camille Unger