Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

die/be dead

Semantic Field
state
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
morir
Meaning Portuguese
morrer

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim mo-go-poon “died recently” inheritance
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone tiaih (sg subj) inheritance
Cahuilla -muk- inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok cha/m-shy- inheritance
Chemehuevi ja7i/ (sg) inheritance
Chumash Barbareno aqshan inheritance Klar 1977:81
Chumash Cruzeno q'ini unknown JPH
Chumash Ineseno aqshan inheritance Klar 1977:81
Chumash Obispeno qsa, ksa inheritance Klar 1977:81
Chumash Ventureno aqsha inheritance Klar 1977:81
Cocopa mSpa, 7i:m (spl) unknown
Comanche kooity (sg) inheritance
Cupeño qaawi-0, [qa:wi], unique
Esselen chuneipa, chunai- unknown Shaul 1995:195, 211
Gabrielino myo:kmok “he died” inheritance
Iipay 'Aa melay, shaawattp [məˈlai], [şaˑˈwatp] unknown
Kawaiisu juwe7e-kwee- ju-(w)e7e “be-not” unique
Kiliwa (s)-pi; (s)-pi-t-u inheritance
Kitanemuk muk inheritance
Lake Miwok jo/ok loan
Luiseño pi7muk- inheritance
Maidu wo/no inheritance
Mojave ipuy= inheritance
Mutsun se:mo “dead one” ; semmon “die” inheritance O77:136. 199
Nisenan wo:n, wo:no inheritance
Northern Paiute jai,ja7i (sg), inheritance SAA 1982
Northern Sierra Miwok camsy- inheritance
Plains Miwok ceme:n-y- inheritance
Salinan A a/xap (A), unknown
Salinan M ci/tip unknown Mason 1918:139
Seri (Comcaac) cooxi (especially of animal) unknown
Serrano mymy7k (sg) inheritance
Southern Paiute ja7ai-S inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok cam-h- inheritance
Southern Ute je7ei inheritance
Tübatulabal muuk-ut (sg) inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone tijaih (sg); inheritance
Wappo cho/7el-ya:mi7 “going to die” unknown
Washo ju/li E- Pi unknown J520
Western Mono edaa- unknown
Wintu kira: inheritance
Yavapai pi/ inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami Tawatsi “he is dead” inheritance JPH Berman 2002
Yokuts Yawdanchi tHawich inheritance K07:251
Yokuts Yowlumne tHa:waTh inheritance G1964
Yuki k'o(:)l- “die, shrivel (K1911)”, also “kill” S&S inheritance S&S1984
Yuma apo:/yk “they die” H1:28, apu/y H4:29 inheritance
Baniwa malíome maɺíome unique See Language page
Carijona ahehɨrɨ unique See Language page
Cubeo cójipoyʉ, yaiyʉ́ kóxipojɨ, jaijɨ́ unknown; inheritance See Language page
Dâw kasãm kaʃãm unique See Language page
Desano sĩrĩri sĩrĩri unique See Language page
Eñepa y-usuka-n j-usuka-n unique See Language page
Hodï kalu'ti unique See Language page
Waorani wæ̃ unique See Language page
Hup naʔ- ~daʔ- inheritance See Language page
Kakua wɨn inheritance See Language page
Makushi saʔmanta (IDS) saʔmanta (IDS) unique See Language page
Nheengatu manũ manũ inheritance See Language page
Ninam hušmi huʃmi unique See Language page
Nukak bɨɨdn2 inheritance See Language page
Maihiki juiyi (1st person singular) xũı̃ji inheritance See Language page
Pemon e-tika (A1981); eri'nö (M2000) etika (A1981) inheritance See Language page
Sanumá noma noma inheritance See Language page
Sikuani tɨ́:pa inheritance See Language page
Tariana yãmi, ɲami jãmi, ɲami unique See Language page
Tukano wẽrĩsé wẽrĩsé inheritance See Language page
Kotiria yari jari inheritance cognate Piratapuyo See Language page
Yanomam noma noma inheritance See Language page
Yanomami noma-ɨ noma-ɨ inheritance See Language page
Yukuna taka'akaje takaʔakahe inheritance See Language page
Yuhup bó bó loan Tukanoan See Language page
Arabana kumpira unique
Bardi -ji(i)(m)bi- -ji(i)(m)bi- inheritance
Bunuba [missing] missing
Burarra juwa unknown
Dhangu rakuny unknown
Dhuwal 1802
Dhuwala dhiŋgam(a) unknown
Diyari pali- inheritance
DiyariREU palinta inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu dhiŋgam(a)
Djapu dhiŋgam(a) unknown
Djinang ḏalpamdjidji inheritance
Gajirrabeng dijbel unique
Gooniyandi nganyandi
Gupapuyngu 1801 unknown
Gurindji tampang karri- loan Jaminjung
Jabirr-Jabirr ma-djimben ma-jimben inheritance
Jaru nag loan
Jawi injibee inyibi inheritance
Karajarri 4071 unknown
Kija nhang loan Gooniyandi
Malyangapa Mal: pali- inheritance
Mangala nari semantic shift
Miriwung joowari inheritance
Mithaka palindu inheritance
Mudburra dikirrij
Mudburra dikirrij loan
Ngamini naRina inheritance
Ngarluma nyurndiwarni(-gu)
Ngumbarl jillalee ngarring <jillalee ngarring> unknown
Nhirrpi nari loan
Nimanburru ma-djimben ma-jimben inheritance
Northern Mangarla jimpiny
Northern Nyangumarta pungkinyi- (V1) semantic shift
Nyangumarta 4805 unknown
Nyikina koord kurd loan into protolanguage Pama-Nyungan
Nyulnyul mad@iemban majimban inheritance
Paakantyi buga-la- inheritance
Pirriya pukananha unique
Pitta-Pitta ityi unique
Rirratjingu rakunydji
Ritharrngu 1802
Walmajarri pirlajarri- inheritance
Wangkayutyuru yiji- unique
Warrwa gurd ngindany XXngl it died kurd ngindany loan into protolanguage Pama-Nyungan
Yan-nhangu 1801 inheritance
Yandruwandha paldri inheritance
Yarluyandi purra-purra- inheritance
Yawarrawarrka pandriri semantic shift
Yawuru darlb+; jiwarri+ darlb+; jiwarri+ inheritance
Achagua mánali: mánali: unknown; inheritance See Language page
Piapoco étácawa étákawa See Language page
Kabiyari mikuu mikuu See Language page
Yavitero wiyua wijua See Language page
Bare dawí dawí See Language page
Wapishana mauwakʰa-n mauwakʰa-n unique See Language page
Wayuu ou-ta-a See Language page
Yine hi-pna; hipɨka Respectively: 'die' and 'death'. *Piro-Apuriná form is *hɨ-pɨna. See Language page
Paresi waini waini unique See Language page
Ignaciano -'epena See Language page
Trinitario -'epeno See Language page
Baure -e'pe-; ṛ̌e'pen -e'pe-; ṛ̌e'pen inheritance See Language page
Waurá a-kama a-kama inheritance See Language page
Arutani atay atay See Language page
Sape siya siya See Language page
Cha'palaa 'pe-mu; 'pe-nu For plants or trees: 'die' is 'man-'bi-nu. See 'lose' 11.330. See Language page
Bora tsɨxɨ́-βe, aapátʰe, ɨmoxɨ́ɨ́βe, kʷáyeééβe… (several others) tsɨxɨ́-βɛ, aapátʰɛ, ɨmoxɨ́ɨ́βɛ, kʷájɛέέβe… (several others) inheritance See Language page
Muinane gíxé-βe-ʔi, čééme-ʔi gíxέ-βɛ-ʔi, tʃέέmɛ-ʔi See Language page
Akawaio eeriiknö eriʔnö inheritance Akawaio-Pemon See Language page
Apalai orihnõko orihnõko inheritance See Language page
Wayana lëmëp lǝmǝp inheritance? See Language page
Tiriyó ëtïhka ǝtɨhka inheritance See Language page
Makiritare #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page
Mapoyo tapiki tapiki See Language page
Wai Wai t-wayh-so t-wayh-so unique See Language page
Waimiri Atroari damem, rymy damem, rɨmɨ See Language page
Yabarana əsema'se (he died) See Language page
Yukpa ekatpo, nekká tuweka See Language page
Kalapalo tsitsi- tsitsi- unique See Language page
Muisca bgysqua, ys bcasqua βγɨskua, ɨs βkaskua See Language page
Barí širɨ̃ aḳbaikãng Also čɨgbah. Colombia: šidɨrikbaykaynə. See Language page
Northern Emberá beuí, haidái, baalẽ́ẽ, béu bodhóa beuí, haidái, baːlẽ́ẽ, béu bodhóa See Language page
Epena hai-ʔi'daa-da Refers to humans, lit. 'sickness-many-that.was'. 'piu-da, refers to animals, lit. 'die-that.was'. Verbal forms are hai-ʔidaa-; piu-, human, animal. See Language page
Guayabero tɨp inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Macaguan tʉp, tʉpé- tɨp, tɨpé- inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Cuiva tɨ́pa morir, die Huber & Reed 1992:281
Cofán panjen, paye pajɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra tsipáamaana tsipáamaana unique See Language page
Taushiro va´ waʔ See Language page
Páez o o See Language page
Tikuna nayu (he dies) [2, 4] naju, [-ɟu] (verbal root) unique See Language page
Urarina u u unique See Language page
Camsa xóbanana xóbanana See Language page
Andoke #NAME? -ʝi- (to be sick, dying: closest match) unique See Language page
Pumé jãbó See Language page
Puinave -ɨi -ɨi unique See Language page
Máku kinə kinə See Language page
Warao wab wab See Language page
Ashuar jákatin xakatin See Language page
Huambisa jatasa xatasa See Language page
Aguaruna besét bɨsɨt unique See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect a-ba:j ʃǝːk unique See Language page
Matses uënës uɨnɨs unknown See Language page
Kakataibo βama-ti kasunan-ti 'to leave something to die'. *Panoan *mawa-. See Language page
Katukina βopi- See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo mawa-ti; hirioma See Language page
Yaminahua nai See Language page
Chácobo na-; rɨ-so- na-; rɨ-so- unknown See Language page
Yagua di ndi unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua wañuna waɲuna See Language page
Ingá wañui wañui See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua huañuna waɲuna See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano wañuy waɲuj See Language page
Piaroa korupäi'ü kʔɔɾupæiʔɨ unknown See Language page
Sáliva ãhẽhajaha, añagamajaha ãʔẽʔahaʔa, añagamahaʔa unknown See Language page
Bará di'á-jai- See Language page
Barasano riha-re riha-re See Language page
Carapana riacoátáje ɾiakɔátáxɛ See Language page
Makuna ~ko-re, goda-re, ɨsi hedi-re ~ko-re, goda-re, ɨsi hedi-re inheritance See Language page
Yuruti día, 'bóa día, 'bóa See Language page
Waikhana jari'a jari'a See Language page
Siriano boá-ri, cõõmó-ri boá-ri, kõõmó-ri See Language page
Tanimuca re'dya ri'ka (human); 'hĩ'rĩ ri'ka (animal) re'ʎa ri'ka (human); 'hĩ'rĩ ri'ka (animal) inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo ri'á- ri'á- See Language page
Tuyuka di'a diʔa See Language page
Waimaja diádžáíkʰʷà diádʒáíkʰʷà See Language page
Koreguaje cho'osomʉ dʒoʔosomʉ unknown See Language page
Siona huesëji, ju'inji wesɨhi, wʔinhi inheritance; inheritance See Language page
Secoya ju'iñe huʔĩñɛ See Language page
Karitiana owi, pop owi, pop unknown See Language page
Kokama umanu umanu inheritance See Language page
Wayampi -manɔ̃; amɨ -manɔ̃; amɨ inheritance See Language page
Aché mano inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano mãno inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní mano See Language page
Sirionó mano; eraake; ečimama mano; eraake; ečimama inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá mɑnõ mɑnõ inheritance See Language page
Ocaina urá nuu (U), ñomoonbi (D) ɯrá nɯɯ {u}, ɳom̵õõbi {d} unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto ɗï.í-de ɗɯ.í-dɛ See Language page
Minica Witoto tï.í-de tɯ.í-dɛ See Language page
Murui Witoto ɸi.odai-te ɸi.odai-tɛ unique See Language page
Iquito ihuarɨɨni (also means to get sick); jiitaani iwarɨɨni (also means to get sick); hiitaani unique See Language page
Záparo puk+nu pukɨnu See Language page
Wari miʔ pin; konoʔ miʔ pin; konoʔ See Language page
Araona mano *Tacn form is *mano-. See Language page
Ese Ejja mano-ʔyo- loan (into protolanguage?) Tupi-Guarani See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo mano-kwe; mano-yo- (Girard 1971) mano-kwe; mano-yo- See Language page
Tacana mano- See Language page
Cavineña maho-ya-ke; e-maho-ke; ma-ho- (G71) maho-ya-ke; e-maho-ke; ma-ho- (G71) loan (into protolanguage?) Tupi-Guarani See Language page
Central Aymara jiwaña xiwata; xiwa-ɲa See Language page
Cayuvava ua; adu'a-riče; yarua 'Dying' a'r-ua. Also čuku- 'I end, finish, die'. See Language page
Itonama u-baʔtʸa Also naʔohna 'went up'; and makaʔohna 'went away'. See Language page
Kwazá hedutu-, isi-, towari- hedutu-, isi-, towari- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané sæ'ɲi; i'hak The former also means 'corpse' 04.770. The latter, 'killed'; cf. 'murder' 21.420. See Language page
Movima kai-ni kai-ni See Language page
Trumai fakdits-e fakdits-e unique See Language page
Kaingang ter tɛr; hun ke; tũŋ See Language page
Suyá tɨ tɨ See Language page
Karajá uru See Language page
Djeoromitxi hahi hahi See Language page
Chipaya tik-š; tik-č̣a See Language page
Mocoví lew-aʁaik Adj. form. See Language page
Pilagá yi-lew; lew-aʁaik Lit. '3pa-die'. See Language page
Toba lew-aʁaik Lit. 'die-adj.' See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité atkitsipki; ankitsipki See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet eŋhaapak; neŋetsepma; neŋmatnaam Also nentekyawaam; neŋmaskeŋwayaamˀ; neŋyamasma (eŋmook); nentaʔhaekɬaʔ; alyetepma eŋneenyek; akwayaamˀ neeɬa knemˀ; akwayaamˀ neeɬa nenteyaaskamˀ; neŋelpeywaekɬaʔ. See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay yiɬ; i'lek Respectively: verbal; noun forms. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -al ~ -el See Language page
Maca #NAME? See 'ancestors' 02.560. See Language page
Nivaclé -waf; -nɔx die, dead; die, dead https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo tooi Also too'ge; i'tooi. Cf. 'corpse' 04.770. See Language page
Mapudungun l̯a Ranquel form is la-. See Language page
Qawasqar yexanar Also kʰanana 'dead one'. Gus, Sk, Bo, Cy record tˀef; Fe records alkelera for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record welarkarwona for south QWS. See Language page
Selknam w-ličè; čeṣke Verbal forms. See Language page
Tehuelche 'ham- See Language page
Kanamarí tsuku tʃɯkɯ morrer Magalhães 2018:378
Lokono odon odon die Pet 1987:355
Kariña rom(py) rom(pɨ) die Yamada 2010:799