Qawasqar
- Family
- Kawesqaran
- Region
- South America
- ISO 639-3
- alc
- Location
- -49.70°, -75.38°
- Notes
- Features
-
Basic Vocabulary
Flora Fauna Vocabulary
Cultural Vocabulary
- Data Sources
- Clairis, Christos & José Pedro Viegas Barros. 2007. Qawasqar. Intercontinental Dictionary Series, ed. Mary Ritchie Key. http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/ids/
Basic Vocabulary (191)
| English | Spanish | Portuguese | Semantic Field | Part of Speech | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | Source | Created By |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| above | encima, arriba | acima | location | arka | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| and | y | e | grammar | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| ash | ceniza(s) | cinzas | environment | aymaḳʰar | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| at | en, a | em, a | location | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| back | espalda | costas | body | taḳʰay-ḳte | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| bad | mal | mal | quality | asar | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| belly | barriga | barriga | body | aḳyaw | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| below | abajo, debajo | abaixo | location | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| big | grande | grande | quality | erlay | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| black | negro | preto | colour | semen | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| blood | sangre | sangue | body | ḳstanḳse | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| boil/pimple | espinilla, granos | espinha, borbulha | body | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| bone | hueso | osso | body | ḳʰar | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| breast | pecho, seno | peito | body | c̷exyaw | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| child | niño, niña | criança | human | eyxyol | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| cloud | nube | nuvem | environment | arḳa-yeta | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| cold | frío | frio | quality | ḳyesas | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| correct/true | verdad, de veras | verdade | quality | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| day | día | dia | time | aswal | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| dirty | sucio | sujo | quality | ḳʰayel | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| dingo/wolf | fauna | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| dry | seco | seco | quality | c̷elas | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| dull/blunt | sin filo, mocho, desafilado, embotado, romo | maçante, desamolado, não afiado | quality | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| dust | polvo | poeira | environment | papas-ḳʰar | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| ear | oreja | orelha | body | ḳyawe | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| earth/soil | tierra | terra | environment | xaley-tḳal | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| egg | huevo | ovo | fauna | yese | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| eye | ojo | olho | body | tes | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| far | lejos | longe | quality | talaḳ | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| fat/grease | grasa | gordura | body | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| father | padre, papá | pai | kinship | c̷ewal | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| feather | pluma | pena | fauna | c̷apas | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| fire | fuego | fogo | environment | afc̷ˀar | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| flower | flor | flor | environment | yeḳstas | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| fog | niebla, neblina | nevoeira, bruma, neblina | environment | ayxer | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| fruit | fruta | fruta | flora | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| good | bueno | bom | quality | layep | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| hair (of head) | cabello | cabelo | body | eyoḳ | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| hand | mano | mão | body | terwa | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| 3sg | el/ella | ele/ela | grammar | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| head | cabeza | cabeça | body | tes-ḳʰar | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| heavy | pesado | pesado | quality | paḳyel | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| how? | como | como | grammar | ḳwa | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| 1sg | yo | eu | grammar | c̷e | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| if | si | se | grammar | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| in/inside | dentro, adentro | dentro | location | alewe | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| intestines | intestinos | intestinos | body | ḳyoc̷-ḳtel | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| lake | lago | lago | environment | c̷efa-lay-tḳal | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| leaf | hoja | folha | environment | ḳse | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| left/left hand | izquierdo | esquerdo | location/body | asan-tereḳ | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| leg/foot | pierna | perna | body | ḳʰat | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| lightning | rayo, relámpago | relampago | environment | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| liver | hígado | figado | body | atʰaḳ | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| long | largo | comprido, longo | quality | ḳstas | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| louse | piollo, piojo | piolho | fauna | yeḳstawes | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| man/male | hombre | homem | human | aḳsenes | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| meat/flesh | carne | carne | fauna | c̷ewalc̷eḳ | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| moon | luna | lua | environment | yeḳaptsewe-ḳ-seles | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| mother | madre, mamá | mãe | kinship | c̷ap | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| mouth | boca | boca | body | af-ḳstay | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| name | nombre | nome | human | ḳtel | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| near/close | cerca de | perto | quality | ḳwaḳyaḳ | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| nape | base del cuello, nuca | nuca | body | ḳyasen-ḳyot | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| neck | cuello | pescoço | body | ḳyelef-ḳʰar | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| new | nuevo | novo | quality | layep | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| night | noche | noite | time | aḳyawe | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| no/not | no | não | grammar | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| nose | nariz | nariz | body | nows | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| old | viejo | velho | quality | arxa-na | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| one | uno | um | number | taḳ-so | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| other | otro | outro | grammar | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| pain/painful/sick | dolor, doloroso, enfermo | dor, doloroso, doente | body | af | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| person/human being | persona | pessoa | human | ḳawas-ḳʰar | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| rain | lluvia | chuva | environment | aperḳs | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| red | rojo | vermelho | colour | ḳyeyero | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| right/right hand | derecha | direita | location/body | ḳeyaxan-tereḳ | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| road/path | camino | caminho | manufacture | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| root | raíz | raiz | flora | wes-pel | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| rotten | podrido | podre | quality | aḳs-na | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| sand | arena | areia | environment | ḳyepc̷aḳs | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| sharp | afilado, filudo, filoso | afiado | quality | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| short | corto | curto | quality | tˀaw | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| shoulder | hombro | ombro | body | taḳʰon | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| shy/ashamed | tímido, vergonzoso | timido, com vergonha | mental | al | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| skin | piel | pele | body | ḳawes | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| sky | cielo | céu | environment | arḳa-c̷ewe | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| small | pequeño | pequeno | quality | yeḳe | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| smoke | humo | fumaça | environment | ayeḳyo | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| star | estrella | estrela | environment | c̷elesewe | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| stick/wood | palo | pau, vara | flora | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| stone | piedra | pedra | environment | ḳyesaw | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| tail | cola, rabo | rabo | body | ḳso | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| that | ese/esa | esse | grammar | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| 3pl | ellos/ellas | eles/elas | grammar | c̷aw | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| thick | grueso, gordo, espeso | grosso | quality | yesa | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| thin | delgado | fino | quality | ḳʰarsḳa | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| this | este/esta | este | grammar | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| 2sg | xx | xx | grammar | c̷aw | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| throat | garganta | garganta | body | ḳawora | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| three | tres | tres | number | woḳs-tow | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| thunder | truenos | trovão | environment | aryor | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| bite | morder | morder | body | c̷aḳˀawes | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| blow | soplar | soprar | body | seḳwas | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| breathe | respirar | respirar | body | aws | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| burn | quemar | queimar | environment | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| chew | masticar, mascar | mastigar | body | yefa-tawan | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| climb | subir | subir | motion | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| come | venir | vir | motion | yec̷al | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| cook | cocinar | cozinhar | impact | awas | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| count | contar | contar | mental | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| cry | llorar | chorar | mental | aḳtel-ḳsta | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| cut/hack | cortar | cortar | impact | c̷era- | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| die/be dead | morir | morrer | state | yexanar | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| dig | cavar | cavar | impact | ḳawe-lay | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| dream | soñar | sonhar | mental | aseḳsor | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| drink | beber, tomar | beber | body | c̷efa-lay | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| eat | comer | comer | body | yefa-yes | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| fall | caer | cair | motion | c̷eḳar | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| fear | miedo | medo | mental | fte | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| flow | fluir | fluir | motion | c̷elḳwas | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| fly | volar | voar | motion | alas | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| grow | crecer | crescer | state | fsay-na | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| hear | oír | ouvir | mental | tel-ḳsor | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| hide | esconder | esconder | motion | ḳol | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| hit | golpear, pegar | bater | impact | c̷eḳows | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| hold | correr, asegurar, sostener | segurar | other | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| kill | matar | matar | impact | ḳaar | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| know/be knowledgeable | saber, conecer | saber, conhecer | mental | ḳowloḳ | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| laugh | reír | rir | mental | ane-ḳsta | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| lie down | acostarse, echarse | deitar | motion | talay | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| live/be alive | vivir | viver, morar | body | ḳsḳyal | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| open/uncover | abrir | abrir | other | yetaḳsa | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| pound/beat | machacar, golpear | bater | impact | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| say | decir | dizer | mental | ese-tel | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| scratch | rascar | rasgar | impact | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| see | ver | ver | mental | ye-ḳsor | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| shoot | tirar, disparar, balear | atirar | impact | yeftawas | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| sit | sentar(se) | sentar | state | pap | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| sleep | dormir | dormir | body | tḳame | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| sniff/smell | olfatear, oler | cheirar | body | xanḳstas | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| spit | escupir | cuspir | body | fteyes | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| split | partir, dividir | rachar, dividir, partir | impact | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| squeeze | estrujar, exprimir | espremer | impact | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| stab/pierce | apuñalar, acuchillar | apunhalar | impact | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| stand | estar de pié | ficar em pé | state | altḳa | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| steal | robar | roubar | other | lol | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| suck | chupar | chupar | body | c̷eptsas | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| swell | hincharse | inchar | body | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| swim | nadar | nadar | motion | lalas | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| think | pensar | pensar | mental | c̷epas | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| throw | tirar, lanzar | atirar, jogar | impact | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| tie up/fasten | atar, amarrar | amarrar | impact | altal | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| turn | girar, volter, torcer | virar | other | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| vomit | vomitar | vomitar | body | laal | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| walk | caminar, andar | andar | motion | ḳsemnal | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| work | trabajar | trabalhar | other | arḳyawe | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| yawn | bostezar | bocejar | body | ḳaḳareḳs | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| tongue | lengua | lingua | body | ḳalaḳtes | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| tooth | diente | dente | body | sereḳte | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| two | dos | dois | number | woḳs | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| water | agua | agua | environment | c̷efa-lay | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| 1pl.incl | nosotros (inclusivo) | nós (inclusivo) | grammar | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| 1pl.excl | nosotros (exclusivo) | nós (exclusivo) | grammar | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| wet | mojado | molhado | quality | c̷ams-na | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| what? | que, qué | que | grammar | aḳwaso | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| when? | cuando | quando | grammar | aḳwac̷ḳyoḳ | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| where? | donde | onde | grammar | aḳwac̷ḳyoḳ | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| white | blanco | branco | colour | aḳyefḳyar | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| who? | quien, quién | quem | grammar | paseso | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| wife | esposa | esposa | kinship | aftsoḳ | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| wind | viento | vento | environment | safḳyas | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| wing | ala | asa | body | terwa | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| woman/female | mujer | mulher | human | esatap | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| yellow | amarillo | amarelo | colour | tˀel | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| 2pl | ustedes | vocês | grammar | c̷aw | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| foot | pie | pé | body | ḳʰat | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| again | de nuevo, otra vez | de novo | grammar | ḳoteyo | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| all | todo | todos | other | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| ankle | tobillo | tornozelo | body | ḳʰat-ḳʰar | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| armpit | axila, sobaco | axila | body | xanḳstay | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| faeces | heces, mierda, excremento, estiércol | fezes | body | ḳˀyeyeḳ | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| lung | pulmón | pulmão | body | paroḳs | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| sweat | sudar | suor, suar | body | selḳwaser | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| itch | hormiguear, sentir comezón | coçar | body | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||
| bark | corteza | casca | environment | ḳʰar-ḳawes | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| fingernail | uña | unha | body | ḳsteyes-ḳʰar | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| heart | corazón | coração | body | c̷enaḳs | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| sun | sol | sol | time | aswal-ḳ-seles | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| mountain/hill | montaña, colina, loma, cerro | morro, serra | environment | arḳa-ḳʰar | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| green | verde | verde | quality | arḳʰa | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||
| hot | caliente | quente | quality | apʰen | See Language page | PLE |
Flora Fauna Vocabulary (133)
| English | Spanish | Portuguese | Semantic Field | Part of Speech | Linnean Name | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Etymology Notes | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Range of Term | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | Classifier | Classifier Notes | Hypernym | Source | Association with Social Categories | Ritual/Mythologically Significant | Ritual Notes | Food Source | Food Notes | Medicinal | Medicinal Notes | How Collected | Who Collects | How Prepared | Psychotropic | Psychotropic Notes | Traded | Trade Notes | Distribution | Habitat | Dangerous | Ethnobiology Notes | Species Notes | General Notes | Created By |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| horse | caballo | cavalho | flora-fauna | Equus caballus | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| bat | murciélago | morcego | flora-fauna | Chiroptera spp. | atoloc̷alaḳya | See Language page | From Ag. Bo records arc̷oyeskes for Central QWS. | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| bird | pajaro, ave | passaro | flora-fauna | ḳayesḳa | See Language page | Bo, Cy record the same for Central QWS. SpS records the same for South QWS. | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| curassow | mitu, montete (Peru), paujil/panjuil (Peru), paujil de Salvin (Peru for Mitu salvini) | mutum | flora-fauna | Crax sp., Nothocrax sp. | See Language page | Amazonia | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| toucan | tucán, pinsha (Peru) | tucano | flora-fauna | Ramphastos sp. | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| gray-winged trumpeter | Grulla, Trompetero Ala Gris | jacamim | flora-fauna | Psophia crepitans | See Language page | Northern Amazonia (N of Solimões), not in northern Colombia; Dark-winged trumpeter is found south of Solimões | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| guan | pava, pucacunga (Peru), pava de Spix (Peru) | jacu | flora-fauna | Penelope sp. | See Language page | Different types have different localized ranges | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| tinamou | tinamu, perdiz, gallineta | inambu, inhambu | flora-fauna | family Tinamidae | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| hummingbird | colibrí, picaflor (Peru) | beija-flor | flora-fauna | family Trochilidae | See Language page | Widespread | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| kingfisher | martín pescador, catalan (Peru) | martim-pescador | flora-fauna | family Alcedinidae | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| owl (large) | búho, lechuza | corujão | flora-fauna | order Strigiformes | ḳoḳoles | See Language page | Widespread | Also Ag records takwatro. Bo records xolaps cor Central QWS. Fi, Hy record telkewol for South QWS. | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| macaw | ara, guacamaya | Arara | flora-fauna | family Psittacidae; Ara sp. | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| parrot | loro real, loro (Sp. form is a loan from Carib) | papagaio | flora-fauna | Amazona amazonica | parpar | See Language page | Widespread | Co records parpa for Central QWS. SpS records palpa for South QWS. | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| dove | paloma | pomba | flora-fauna | family Columbidae | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| hawk | halcón, gavilán | gavião | flora-fauna | family Accipitridae | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| vulture | buitre, gallinazo, rinahui (Peru) | urubu | flora-fauna | family Cathartidae | aḳorasap | See Language page | Widespread South America | Bo records yakaraɬap for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record akoreka for South QWS. | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| duck | pato | pato, marreco | flora-fauna | Anatidae family | ḳayep | See Language page | AgC, Bo, Sk record the same for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record the same for South QWS. Refers to 'pato quetro'. Of the many names for 'duck', this term is the only one occurring in all three dialect areas. | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| great egret | Garza Blanca, Guyratî | Garça-Branca-Grande | flora-fauna | Ardea alba | See Language page | Widespread South America | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| woodpecker | pájaro carpintero, carpintero | pica-pau | flora-fauna | family Picidae | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| dog (camp, domestic) | perro | cachorro | flora-fauna | Canis famililaris | ḳyoro | See Language page | Not native; widespread | ClC, AgC, Gus, Sk, Bo, SpC, Co, Fe Li, Gui record salkʰe for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record selokʰe for south QWS. | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| dog (wild; bush dog) | sachaperro, Perro de Monte, Zorro Vinagre, Guanfando; Zorro Ojizarco, Zorro Negro, Perro de Orejas Corta | cachorro-do-mato | flora-fauna | Speothos venaticus; Atelocynus microtis | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| anteater | oso hormiguero; tapia pelejo or pelejo chico for Cyclopes didactylus | tamanduá | flora-fauna | Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) | See Language page | Widespread Amazonian lowlands | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| armadillo | armadillo, carachupa (Peru), yangunturi (Peru for Giant armadillo) | tatu | flora-fauna | family Dasypodidae; e.g. Priodontes maximus (Giant armadillo), Dasypus novemcinctus, Dasypus kappleri | See Language page | Widespread in Amazonia | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| sloth | pereza, pelejo (Peru), perezoso (Peru) | macaco preguica | flora-fauna | Choloepus sp., Bradypus sp. | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| alligator, black caiman | babilla; cachirre | jacaré | flora-fauna | Melanosuchus niger, Caiman schlerops; Paleosuchus sp. | See Language page | Throughout Amazonia | Port term reportedly borrowed from Tupi | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| electric eel | anguila eléctrica | poraquê | flora-fauna | Electrophorus electricus | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| fish (generic) | pez | peixe | flora-fauna | yawc̷en | See Language page | Sk, Bo, Fe, Li record yawc̷el for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record [apompen], from Yagan 'apom', for South QWS. | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| pacu fish | palometa, garopita, garopa, curhuara (Peru) | pacu | flora-fauna | Mylossoma sp. | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| pirana | piraña, caribe | piranha | flora-fauna | subfamily Serrasalmidae | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| tigerfish | taraira, guabina, huasaco (Peru) | traíra | flora-fauna | Hoplias sp. | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| mandi catfish | maparate (used in Peru for some types of catfish, including Auchenipterus sp.), cunchi (used in Peru for some types of catfish), bagre (catfish) | mandi | flora-fauna | Auchenipterus sp. | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| speckled catfish | surubí, pintadillo | surubim, sorubim | flora-fauna | Pseudoplatystoma sp. | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| toad | sapo | sapo | flora-fauna | order Anura | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| iguana | iguana, garipiares (Colombia) | camaleão | flora-fauna | Iguana sp. | See Language page | iguana' is reportedly from Arawak iwana | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| small lizard | lagartija | calango | flora-fauna | order Squamata | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| stingray (generic) | rayas látigo, raya | arraia | flora-fauna | Potamotrygon sp. | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| crab | cangrejo | caranguejo | flora-fauna | infraorder Brachyura | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| anaconda | anaconda, boa, boa acuática grande | sucuri | flora-fauna | genus Eunectes | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| boa | boa; mantona (red-tailed boa); boa de altura | jiboia | flora-fauna | family Boidae, subf. Boinae | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| snake (generic) | culebra, serpiente | cobra | flora-fauna | terḳoyasoḳ | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| snake (poisonous generic) or rattlesnake | víbora (Peru), jergón (Peru), yarara | jararaca | flora-fauna | Bothrops jararaca/atrox | See Language page | Widespread South America | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| tortoise (red foot, yellow foot/giant) | tortuga, morrocoy, motelo | jabutí, tartaruga | flora-fauna | Yellow-footed: Geochelone denticulata; Red-footed: Geochelone carbonaria | See Language page | Widespread | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amazon dolphin | bufeo, delfín, tonina (del Orinoco) | boto cor-de-rosa | flora-fauna | Inia geoffrensis | saḳstar | See Language page | Downstream of major rapids and waterfalls | Bo records saktar for Central QWS. SpS records saktal for South QWS. | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| mushroom | champiñón, hongo | cogumelo | flora-fauna | (any edible generic) | See Language page | prioritize generic term that includes any edible species | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| black palm | bacaba, mapora, pusui, patabá | bacaba | flora-fauna | Oenocarpus bacaba | See Language page | Mature forests of Rio Negro and Upper Amazon | may be confused in some entries with O. bataua | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| açai palm | huasí (Peru), asahi, manaca (Ven), asaí, palmiche (Colombia) | açaí | flora-fauna | Euterpe sp. | See Language page | floodplains, swamp; esp. northern Amazonia | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| miriti palm | moriche (Col, Ven), aguaje (Col, Peru), achual, miriti | buriti | flora-fauna | Mauritia flexuosa | See Language page | Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela; in and near swamps | trunks contain sago-like starch | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| palm for roof thatch | pui, irapay, hoja de irapay, caraná | caraná | flora-fauna | Mauritiella armata OR Lepidocaryum tenue (irapay), Mauritius carana | See Language page | Mauritia carana is limited principally to the Rio Negro and Upper Orinoco regions; dry catinga forests | palm | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| paxiuba palm | pona, huacrapona, cashapona, macanilla, pachiuba | paxiuba | flora-fauna | Iriartea exorrhiza OR Iriartea deltoidea | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | palm | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| peach palm, pejibaye palm | chontaduro (Col, Ecuador); pipire (Col); pijuayo (Peru), pijiguao (Ven); tembe (Bol) | pupunha | flora-fauna | Bactris gasipaes | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| seje palm | ungurahui (Peru), palma de seje, milpesos, patabá | patoá, patuá | flora-fauna | Jessenia bataua, aka Oenocarpus bataua | See Language page | mostly north of Equator; common in Amazonia | may be confused with O. bacaba - compare entries | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| coca | coca | coca | flora-fauna | Erythroxylum coca | See Language page | secondary scrub vegetation. lower alt. of eastern Andes | plant | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| cotton | algodón | algodão | flora-fauna | Gossypium (barbadense: long fibers; hirsutum: short fibers) | See Language page | secondary scrub vegetation | plant; some sources may confound with kapok Ceiba pentandra (esp. if a single gloss for 'cotton' is given') | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| kapok | ceiba, huimba, lupuna (Peru for Ceiba sp.) | sumaumeira | flora-fauna | Ceiba pentandra | See Language page | northern South America and central America; common in disturbed areas | tree | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| hot pepper | ají, pimentón/pimiento rojo, pucunucho (Peru), charapilla (Peru) | pimenta | flora-fauna | Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens | See Language page | secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden | plant | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| peanut | maní (may be loan from Taino Arawak), cacahuete | amendoim | flora-fauna | Arachis hypogaea | See Language page | plant | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| pineapple | piña | abacaxi | flora-fauna | Ananas comosus | See Language page | plant | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| arrow cane, wildcane | caña flecha, caña brava, caña isana | cana para flechas, frecheira, Cana-do-rio | flora-fauna | Gynerium sagittatum | See Language page | tropical regions, especially river banks | plant | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| banana, plantain | banano, banana, cambur, bellaco, variedad de plátano | banana | flora-fauna | Musa sp. | ḳʰen | See Language page | From Ag. Also means 'grease, fat' 05.791. | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| beans | frijoles, frejol, caraotas (negras, rojas, blancas) | feijão | flora-fauna | Phaseolus spp. | [porota] | See Language page | From Span. 'poroto'. Also Em records aleyakstoska; c̷atalakska. | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| grass | hierba, pasto | capim, grama | flora-fauna | (generic) | c̷apḳstas | See Language page | From Ag, Em. Also means 'pasture' ksakawes. Bo record tsapɬ; Bo, Sk, Gui record sakalef for Central QWS. Hy records sakalef; Fi records ketare; Fi, Hy record kal for South QWS. | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| maize, corn | mazorca, maiz | milho | flora-fauna | Zea mays | See Language page | widespread, esp. in river floodplains | plant | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| tobacco | tabaco | tabaco | flora-fauna | Nicotiana tabacum | tˀelḳs | See Language page | Also means 'cigarette'. Cf. 'smoke' 01.830', footnote. Bo records tˀelks for Central QWS. | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| tree | árbol | arvore | flora-fauna | ḳʰar | See Language page | Sk, Bo record the same for Central QWS. North and Central forms also mean 'stick' and 'bone'. Fi, Hy record yaroka; Fi, Hy record kafsa for South QWS. | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| achiote, anatto | achiote | urucum | flora-fauna | Bixa orellana | See Language page | secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens | shrub | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| inga | guaba, guamo, guama, shimbillo (Peru) | inga | flora-fauna | Inga spp. | See Language page | Secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens. North and South America (Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Suriname, Colombia) | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| avocado | palta, aguacate | abacate | flora-fauna | Persea americana | See Language page | secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens | tree | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| bitterwood | tortuga caspi, pretina (Peru for tree and tumpline); carahuasca (Peru) | envira | flora-fauna | Duguetia sp. OR Fusaea longifolia OR Guatteria chrysopetala | See Language page | secondary forests, native to Brazil | tree | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| brazil nut | castaña | castanha do para (B. excelsa); castanha de cutia (C. edulis) | flora-fauna | Bertholletia excelsa [cf. Couepia edulis 'castanha do cutia'] | See Language page | 1) Couepia: restricted area within Brazil, Rio Purus basin and middle Solimões. 2) Bertholletia: elev: consistently about 200m; mature forests. Widely distributed from Peru, E. Colombia, Brazil to Nicaragua. | tree | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| cashew | anarcado, castaña de cajú, nuez de la India, marañon, cajú, merey (Venezuela) | caju | flora-fauna | Anacardium occidentale / giganteum | See Language page | secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens | tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| genipap | jagua, majagua - Colombia, caruto, xagua - Venezuela, bigrande - Bolivia, huito, yaguayagua - Peru, ygualti - Nicaragua, maluco - Mexico | genipapo, jenipapo | flora-fauna | Genipapa americana | See Language page | widespread lowland SA | shrub | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| japurá | oreja de murcielago | japurá | flora-fauna | Erisma japura | See Language page | large tree | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| rubber tree (sorva) | caucho, siringa, shiringa | seringa, borracha | flora-fauna | Hevea sp. | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | tree | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ucuqui | yugo, caimitillo del monte (Peru) | ucuqui | flora-fauna | Pouteria ucuqui | See Language page | native to NW Amazonia, found primarily in Vaupes and Caqueta regions | other species of Pouteria exist and have much-used edible fruit; these can be subsituted where relevant | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amazon tree-grape | uva de monte, uvilla (Peru), puruma, caime, caimarona (and variants; Col.) | cucura | flora-fauna | Pourouma cecropiifolia | See Language page | grows wild in Western Amazon basin; cultivated in Colombia since pre-Colombian times | a tree; not a true grape | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| manioc (bitter or generic) | yuca brava | mandioca | flora-fauna | Manihot esculenta | See Language page | not generally cultivated in western (subAndean) Amazon. Arroyo-Kalin (2010) argues for a correlation with distribution of dark earths, mostly formed after 1AD, and the modeled-incised pottery tradition. | Provides more starch and is more pest-resistant than the sweet variety, but requires much processing. Arroyo-Kalin (2010) proposes that bitter type was developed from sweet through post-ceremic agricultural intensification (motivated by high starch yield | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| manioc (sweet) | yuca, caribe | macaxeira | flora-fauna | Manihot esculenta | See Language page | Primary staple in western/subAndean Amazonia, less important elsewhere | No processing required, but lower starch yield and pest resistance than bitter variety | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| potato | papa | batata | flora-fauna | Solanum tuberosum | See Language page | secondary scrub vegetation | compare entries for sweet potato | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| potato, sweet potato | camote, batata dulce, batata, cumara | batata-doce | flora-fauna | Ipomoea batatas | See Language page | plant | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| cará tuber, purple or white | camote, sachapapa | cará roxo, branco | flora-fauna | Dioscorea sp. | See Language page | secondary scrub vegetation; forest clearings | plant | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| tannia, yautia | huitina (Peru), ñame | taioba branca | flora-fauna | Xanthosoma spp. | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| bottle-gourd (vine) or calabash (tree) | calabazo, calabaza; auyama (Dominican Republic and Venezuela), ayote (parts of Central America), zapallo (parts of South America), tutumo/totumo/totuma (Cresc tree), huingo (Peru for Crescentia cujete), tapara | cabaça | flora-fauna | Crescentia cujete (round variety - tree); (Cucurbita) Lagenaria siceraria (bottle variety - vine) | See Language page | indigenous gardens | plant; tree | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| squash | calabaza, calabacines, auyamas, zapallos, huingo (Peru) | abóbora | flora-fauna | Cucurbita sp. | See Language page | plant | PLE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| cipó vine | tamishi, bejuco, yare | cipó | flora-fauna | Heteropsis spp. | See Language page | secondary forest, floodplain | vine | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| fish poison, barbasco | barbasco, matapez (Colombia) | timbó | flora-fauna | Lonchocarpus spp. | See Language page | secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation | shrub/tree | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| hallucinogenic vine, banisterium, ayahuasca | ayahuasca, yage | ayahuasca, caapi | flora-fauna | Banisteriopsis caapi | See Language page | semi-domesticated, native to Amazonian basin, esp. NW | vine | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| hallucinogenic snuff | vilca, cebil, yopo | paricá, yopo | flora-fauna | Anadenanthera sp. or virola | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| insect (generic) | insecto | insecto | flora-fauna | generic | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ant (generic) | hormiga | formiga | flora-fauna | Formicidae | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| bullet ant, lesser giant hunter ant | conga, hormiga yanabe (Colombia), isula (Peru), Hormiga Veinticuatro | tocandira | flora-fauna | Paraponera clavata | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| leaf-cutter ant | Colombia: zampopo, hormiga arriera; Venezuela: bachaco; Peru: curuhuinse | saúva | flora-fauna | Atta sp. | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| honeybee | abeja | abelha | flora-fauna | Apis mellifera; Tetragonisca angustula; Trigona amazonensis | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| cockroach | cucaracha | barata-do-mato | flora-fauna | order Blattaria | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| firefly, lightning bug | lampírido, luciérnaga (Peru), añañahui (Peru), cocuyo (attributed Taino origin) | vagalume | flora-fauna | fam: Elateridae, Fengodidae, Lampyridae | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| butterfly, moth | mariposa | borboleta | flora-fauna | order Lepidoptera | c̷eḳelstaḳʰo | See Language page | Also yewelpaks. Bo records yarklatopa for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record kyekyewol; Hy records pekyol for south QWS. | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| moth | mariposa nocturna, polilla | mariposa | flora-fauna | order Lepidoptera | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| angleworm | lombriz | minhoca | flora-fauna | order Opisthopora | ḳc̷eryaap | See Language page | Also kerpowak. Bo records torkreyol for Central QWS. All mean a worm (in general). | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| centipede | ciempiés | centopéia | flora-fauna | class Chilopoda | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| scorpion | escorpión; alacran | escorpião | flora-fauna | order Scorpiones | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| cicada | cigarra, chicharra | cigarra | flora-fauna | super fam. Cicadoidea | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| flea | pulga | pulga | flora-fauna | order Siphonaptera | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| blowfly/housefly | mosca | mosca | flora-fauna | Diptera | ḳyematela | See Language page | Fi records tomatola for South QWS. Cf. 'mosquito' 03.832. | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| cricket | saltón, grillo | grilo | flora-fauna | family Gryllidae | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| edible palm-dwelling larva (palm weevil) | suri, mojojoy | larva, broca-do-coqueiro, aramandaiá | flora-fauna | Rhynchophorus sp. | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| praying mantis, stick insects | mantis religiosa | louva-a-deus | flora-fauna | order Mantodea, family Mantidae | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| mosquito | mosquito, zancudo | mosquito, carapana | flora-fauna | Anopheles sp. | ḳyematela | See Language page | From Ag. Also means 'fly' 03.830. Bo records keyaltak for Central QWS. | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| termites, white-ants | comején (Peru), termitas | cupim | flora-fauna | order Isoptera | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| tick | garrapata | carrapato | flora-fauna | superfam Ixodoidea | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| wasp | avispa; specific type: ronzapa/ronsapa | caba | flora-fauna | order Hymenoptera, sub: Apocrita | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| snail | caracol, churo (Peru) | caracol | flora-fauna | class Gastropoda | taḳˀoyawes | See Language page | Also c̷akʰe; yamakʰas. Ag, Em record takwak. All forms refer to sea snails. | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| spider | araña | aranha | flora-fauna | Arachnidae, Araneae | ḳac̷ayema | See Language page | Also c̷ekyenaxar. Gui records koplap for Central QWS. | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| jaguar | yaguar, yaguareté, jaguar, otorongo (Peru), tigre (Peru) | onca | flora-fauna | Panthera onca | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| manatee | vaca marina, manatí | peixe-boi | flora-fauna | Trichechus sp. | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| brown woolly monkey | Mono Lanudo Común, Choro, Churucu, mono choro (Peru), mono lanudo cafe, barrigudo de Humboldt | macaco barrigudo | flora-fauna | Lagothrix lagothricha | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| howler monkey (red-handed) | mono aullador, mono coto (Peru) | guariba | flora-fauna | Alouatta belzebul [or other Alouatta sp.] | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| tufted capuchin monkey | mono negro (Peru), Machín Negro, Maicero Cachón, mono maicero | macaco prego | flora-fauna | Cebus apella | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| white-fronted capuchin | Machín Blanco, mono blanco, Maicero Cariblanco, mono blanco (Peru) | Caiarara | flora-fauna | Cebus albifrons | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| white-fronted spider monkey | Machin Blanco, Mono Araña de Vientre Amarillo, maquisapa (Peru), braceadora (Colombia) | macaco aranha, coatá, quatá | flora-fauna | Ateles belzebuth/paniscus | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| opossum | zarigüeya, rabipelado, zorro, zorrillo | mucura | flora-fauna | family Didelphidae | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| giant otter | Lobo Grande de Río, nutria gigante, lutria | ariranha | flora-fauna | Pteronura brasiliensis | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| neotropical otter (small) | Nutria, Lobo de Agua, lobito de rio, perro de agua (Colombia) | lontra | flora-fauna | Lontra longicaudis | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| collared peccary | sajino, pecarí de collar, jabalf, Javelina, Saíno, Pecarí de Collar | caititu, caetitu | flora-fauna | Pecari tajacu, Tayassu tajacu | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| white-lipped peccary | Chancho de Monte, Cariblanco, Huangana | queixada | flora-fauna | Tayassu pecari | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| porcupine | puerco espín, erizo (Peru), casha cushillo (Peru) | cuandu, porco-espinho | flora-fauna | family Erethizontidae | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| cotamundi, coatimundi | Coatí, Tejón, Achuni, zorro guache | quati | flora-fauna | genus Nasua | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| agouti (black agouti, black-rumped agouti) | Guatusa Negra, Añuje, Agutí (black-rumped), picure, jochi colorado | cutia | flora-fauna | Dasyprocta spp. | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| capybara | Capibara, Carpincho, Ronsoco | capivara | flora-fauna | Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| green acouchi | Guatín, Punchana, curi, picurito rabudo, picurito rabilargo | cutiara | flora-fauna | Myoprocta pratti | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| paca (lowland) | Guanta, Paca, Majaz, majás (Peru), labba (Guyana) | paca | flora-fauna | Cuniculus paca (Agouti paca is sometimes used as well although cuniculus is the correct term.) | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| mouse, rat | ratón | camundongo, rata | flora-fauna | Mus musculus | atḳasap | See Language page | Also Ag records wosawa. Sk, Bo, Co, Gui record atkaɬap for Central QWS. | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| squirrel | ardilla, danta (Ven) | serelepe, quatipuru, esquilo | flora-fauna | family Sciuridae | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| tapir | sachavaca, danta | anta | flora-fauna | Tapirus terrestris | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| deer | venado | veado, cariacu | flora-fauna | family Cervidae, esp. Odocoileus virginianus | yeḳc̷al | See Language page | Gui records yec̷el for Central QWS. Refers to the 'huemul'. | PLE |
Cultural Vocabulary (97)
| English | Spanish | Portuguese | Semantic Field | Part of Speech | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Etymology Notes | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | General Notes | Source | Created By |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| basket (general) | canasta, canasto, cesta | cesto | culture-material | tayo | Also kalakso. Sk, Bo, Co, Fe, Gui record tayo; Bo, Co record c̷ˀepas for Central QWS, which also means 'rush'. Fi, Hy record kayko for South QWS. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| basket, small | canasta, canasto, cesta | cesto pequeno, tampado | culture-material | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| bead | abalorio, mostacilla, cuenta, gota, puca; necklace=collar | miçanga | culture-material | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| bed | cama | cama | culture-material | talay-xo-tḳal | Sk, Bo record pap-e-tkal for Central QWS. Cf. 'lie down' 12.140. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| hammock | hamaca, chinchorro | rede | culture-material | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| bench, seat | banco, silla, asiento | banco | culture-material | pap-o-tḳal | Cf. 'sit' 12.130. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| canoe | canoa | canoa | transport | yemase | Cf. 'white man' yema; and 'go' as 10.470. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| drum (large signal) | tambor, manguaré, maguaré (Colombia) | tambor | culture | Used to be used by Tukanoan peoples (and others?), sound carried for long distances | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| drum | tambor | tambor | culture-mythology | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| shaman, healer | chamán, brujo | xaman, pajé, feiticeiro | culture-mythology | In RN region, there is typically one person per village (if that) who is a full-fledged 'shaman'. He is very much a specialist and has considerable power to cure, as well as power to curse. He is respected and feared. Shamans are thought to turn themselv | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| healer | curandero | benzador, curandeiro, kumu (Tukano) | culture-mythology | Refers to a lower-level healer; in RN region, most older men in a village have this capacity, and command a repertoire of healing spells. Power is primarily for good, whereas the true shaman is capable of malignant acts as well. | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| broom | escoba | vassoura | culture-material | ḳelḳsta-ḳʰar | From Em. Cf. 'trash' kalksta. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| clothing | ropa | roupa | culture-mythology | awelḳa | AgC, Sk, Bo, Ca, Ir record ac̷ec̷o for Central QWS. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| fence, palisade | cerco | cerca | other | yec̷etḳana | From Ag. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| firewood | leña | lenha | other | afc̷ˀar | Also means 'fire'. Sk, Bo, Cy, Li, Gui record kakas for Central QWS. SpS records afsar for South QWS. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| Curupira (spirit type) | Curupira, Madremonte | Curupira | culture-mythology | malignant forest spirit, covered with long hair, feet turned backward; in Upper Rio Negro region | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| ghost (of dead person)/evil spirit | espíritu malo, espíritu maligno, fantasma, demonio | espirito | culture-mythology | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| deity/powerful spirit/culture figure | dios(es), deidad | divinidade, figura mítica | culture-mythology | arḳac̷ewe-ḳc̷es | From Ag. Cf. 'sky' 01.510. Also Ag records yema-arkac̷ewe-c̷kes, cf. 'white man' yema. Bo records arka-kerc̷es. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| flute | flauta, quena (Peru) | flauta | culture-mythology | multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| panpipe | carrizo, zampoñas, flautas de pan, rondadora | caniço, flauta de pã | culture-mythology | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| hollow log/trough for beer-making | canoa para chicha | cocho de caxiri | narcotics | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| ritual song cycle (kapiwaya) | kapiwaya | capiwaya | culture-mythology | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| knife | cuchillo | faca | culture-material | afsasḳe | Also c̷eraske, cf. 'cut' 09.220. ClC, AgC, Sk, Bo, Cy record aftaske for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record aftayla for South QWS. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| machete | machete | facão | culture-material | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| axe/stone axe | hacha (de piedra) | machado (de pedra) | subsistence tool | ḳaryesḳa | Also means 'coipo's tooth' (a rodent). Sk, Bo record kareske for Central QWS. SpS record karaskal. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| arrow | flecha | flecha | subsistence tool | ḳyeraḳʰana | Also [flec̷a], from Span. 'flecha'. Sk, Bo, Ir record arkyel for South QWS. Fi, Hy record anokwa for South QWS. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| spear | lanza | lança | subsistence tool | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| bow | arco | arco | subsistence tool | ḳyeraḳʰana | From Ag. Bo records kerakʰala for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record kerekʰana for South QWS. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| paddle/oar | remo | remo | transport | ḳc̷ewes-ḳʰar | Also means 'fish hook'. Also Ag records tafakay. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| plate | plato | prato | culture-material | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| pot | olla, pote | panela, vasilha | subsistence tool | peyḳyo-ḳʰar | Cf. 'cook' 05.210. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| basin/bowl | tazón, plato hondo, taza | tijela | culture-material | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| griddle for cooking flatbread | tiesto (Colombia), budare (Venezuela), tortera (Peru) | forno para beiju | subsistence tool | agriculture? | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| rattle | matraca, maraca | marico, chocalho | culture-mythology | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| resin | resina, brea, copal | resina, brea, breu | subsistence tool | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| wax | cera | cera | other | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| honey | miel | mel | food | only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| stone for lighting fires | piedra para hacer fuego | pedra para acender fogo | culture-material | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| rope/string | mecate, cuerda, soga | corda | culture | c̷epaḳye-na | Also asaks. Gui records kapec̷elar for Central QWS. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| tattoo | tatuaje, tatu | tatuagem | culture-mythology | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| thatch/roof | crisneja | palha, caraná | culture-material | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| yurupari, jurupari (or any flutes forbidden to women) | yurupari | jurupari | culture-mythology | a ritual complex in various parts of Amazonia involving sacred flutes/trumpets, forbidden to women. | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| fetish, charm | fetiche, encanto, filtro de amor, pusanga | feitiço, puçanga | culture-mythology | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| feather headdress | plumaje, corona de plumas | enfeite/capacete de penas | culture-mythology | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| paint body, body paint | pintura corporal | pintura corporal | culture-mythology | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| afterworld, land of dead, Heaven | tierra do los muertos | terra dos mortos | culture-mythology | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| school | escuela | escola | acculturation | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| bottle | botella | garrafa | acculturation | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| paper | papel | papel | acculturation | teres | Cf. 'bark' 08.750, footnote. Sk, Fe record taykalka for Central QWS. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| dream | sueño, soñar | sonho, sonhar | culture-mythology | aseḳsor | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| chicken | gallina | galinha | acculturation | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| grave | tumba, sepultura, sepulcro | sepultura, sepulcro, cova | culture-mythology | ḳeyer-ḳstay | From Ag. Bo records kawakwer for Central QWS. Cf. 'bury' 04.780. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| pipe for tobacco | pipa | cachimbo | other | tˀalḳs-ḳʰar | Sk, Bo record tˀelks-kʰar for Central QWS. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| sugarcane/sugar | azúcar, caña de azúcar | açucar (de cana) | acculturation | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| skirt | falda, saya, fustan, pollera | saia | culture-material | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| shoes | zapatos | sapatos | dress | [c̷eḳwor] | From Tehuelche 'čekor'. Bo, SpC record the same for Central QWS. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| policeman | polícia | policía | acculturation | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| soldier | soldado | soldado | acculturation | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| cat | gato | gato | acculturation | ḳeyeto | Sk, Bo, Ca record yereto for Central QWS. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| gun | arma, escopeta | espingarda, fusil | acculturation | c̷aleḳa | SpC records selekɬe for Central QWS. SpS records senekye for South QWS. All the forms means 'gun'. Cf. 'sling' 20.230. Bo records takal-kwa, 'cannon' for Central QWS, cf. 'thunder' 01.560, footnote. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| hat | sombero | chapéu | dress | yeneḳ | Also Em records ktasekseya. Both forms actually mean 'cap'. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| chief/leader | jefe, cacique | chefe | culture-mythology | c̷efteyxor | Also yerwose, which also means 'give orders'. Sk, Bo record sefteyor for Central QWS. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| club | garrote, cachiporra | clava, porrete | subsistence tool | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| loincloth | taparrabos, guayuco, pampanilla | tanga, tapa-sexo | dress | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| fireplace | hogar | lareira | other | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| fishing line | cordel/cuerda p/ pescar, sedal, tanze | linha de pesca | subsistence tool | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| salt | sal | sal | food | c̷ams | Bo records c̷apɬ for Central QWS. North and Central forms also mean 'sea' 01.320. SpS records akes for South QWS. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| song (generic) | canción, canto | canção | culture-mythology | yeḳtal | Bo, Li record lektal for Central QWS. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| blowgun | cerbatana, pucuna (Peru) | zarabatana | subsistence tool | currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| dart (blowgun) | dardo, birote (Peru), bala (Peru) | dardo, seta | subsistence tool | hunting and warfare | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| fan | abanico | abanador, abano | subsistence tool | esp. for fanning a cooking fire | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| fish (with line) | anzuelear, pescar con linea | pescar (com linha) | food | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| fish (with fish-poison) | pescar con barbasco, barbasquear | pescar com timbó; tinguijar | food | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| hunt | cazar | caçar | food | yepˀas | Also yektel; yefto-lay, which also means 'to throw a stick'. Bo records yepˀat for Central QWS. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| game animal | caza, animal de caza | caça, animal de caça | food | Interesting correlation to 'fish' in Tukanoan languages | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| gourd (dipper/bowl) | cucharón, pate (Peru), totomo, totuma, totumo | cuia | subsistence tool | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| grater | rallador, rallo | ralador, ralo | subsistence tool | esp. for grating manioc, but can be used for other things as well | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| grid of sticks for smoking meat or placing objects (shelf) | barbacoa | jirau | subsistence tool | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| mortar | mortero | pilão | subsistence tool | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| pestle | pilón, mano de mortero, mazo, moledor | mão de pilão | subsistence tool | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| fermented drink | masato, chicha | caxiri, chicha | culture | prioritizes manioc beer where distinction is made | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| flour/meal from manioc | fariña, mañoco (Venezuela); harina | farinha | food | tasensḳa | Also means 'bread' 05.510. Also [areyna] from Span. 'harina'. | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||
| flat bread, cassava bread | pan de yuca, casabe/cazabe | beiju | food | usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| starch (tapioca, other) | almidón | goma de tapioca | food | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| tapioca drink, mingau | cahuana, caguana | mingau | food | agriculture | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| tipiti (manioc squeezer) | tipiti, matafrio, sebucán, exprimador, prensa para yuca | tipiti | food | word of Tupi origin; agriculture: specifically for squeezing poison out of manioc | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| tripod for washing manioc | trípode | tripé | subsistence tool | agriculture | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| venom for darts, poison | veneno | curare | subsistence tool | hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| woven strainer/sieve | colador tejido, cedazo (Peru), cernedor (Peru) | peneira, cumatá | subsistence tool | agriculture? commonly used for sifting dry manioc flour | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| bait for fishing | cebo, carnada para pescar, empate (Peru) | isca | subsistence tool | can refer to worms; more generic | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| fishtrap | trampa de peces, trampa | matapi, cacuri | subsistence tool | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||
| bottom grinding stone | manufacture | if different word from top grinding stone | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||||
| digging stick | subsistence tool | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||||
| top grinding stone | metate, mano; piedra de moler | metate, mano | manufacture | use word for top grinding stone if different from bottom stone | See Language page | PLE | |||||||||||||
| boomerang/throwing stick (generic) | subsistence tool | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||||
| spearthrower | subsistence tool | See Language page | PLE | ||||||||||||||||
| house | other | at | Sk, Bo, SpC record the same for Central QWS. AgC, Bi, SpC record at-apye for Central QWS. Fi, Hy, SpS record at for South QWS. | See Language page | PLE |