Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

griddle for cooking flatbread

Semantic Field
subsistence tool
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
tiesto (Colombia), budare (Venezuela), tortera (Peru)
Meaning Portuguese
forno para beiju

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source Created By
Kakua pêɲep pêɲep unknown Simplex agriculture? See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Nheengatu yapuna (Casas2000) japuna (Casas2000) inheritance *meju Subgroup? Simplex agriculture? See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin, PLE, Alyssa Wadley
Waorani awẽdẽ-ka 'oven' (IDS) unique agriculture? See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Yanomami rãmamotima (MM07) rãmamotima (MM07) unknown Derived rãmɨ-aɨ “to roast,” -amotima, nominalizer agriculture? See Language page Kelsey Neely
Kotiria tju dihoria tju dihoria unknown Compound agriculture? See Language page Tanja Baeuerlein
Cubeo pãramiva pãrami-va doubtful loan North Arawak, e.g. Yucuna poʔoɾí cassava griddle-Class. FLAT agriculture? See Language page Tanja Baeuerlein; Alyssa Wadley
Tukano ata ata inheritance Proto-East Tukanoan Simplex agriculture? See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Desano gararu gararu inheritance Proto-East Tukanoan Simplex agriculture? See Language page Addison M; Tanja Baeuerlein
Hup b'ɔk-káb b'ɔk-káb inheritance Proto-DYH Daw has cognate form for 'plate' Compound clay griddle? agriculture? See Language page Pattie Epps
Dâw boòd bɔ̂d unique Simplex agriculture? See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Guayabero checa unknown Unknown Simplex agriculture? See Language page Ana Paula B.
Pemon tari missing Venezuelan (N. Amazonian) subgroup? Attested Makiritare, Pemon agriculture? See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza; Alyssa Wadley
Eñepa uto kejto, to' uto kejto' utɔ kehtɔʔ, tɔʔ utɔ kejtɔʔ (MM) unknown Alternate: tɔʔ utɔ kejtɔʔ Compound utɔ= manioc; kehtɔʔ=?? agriculture? See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin; Alyssa Wadley
Yukuna po'orí poʔoɾí inheritance Proto North Arawak Simplex agriculture? See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Tariana puáli 'forno' puáli 'forno' oven inheritance Simplex agriculture? See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wapishana warakʰ-ĩĩ-apʰa-kʰiẓai warakʰ-ĩĩ-apʰa-kʰiẓai (IDS, stove?) stove unique Derived cook-REFL?-NMLZ?-place? agriculture? See Language page Ana Paula B.
Baniwa póali póali inheritance Proto North Arawak Simplex agriculture? See Language page Ana Paula B.
Achagua huáli huáli inheritance agriculture? See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco pùali pùali agriculture? See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari puri puɾi agriculture? See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Mandawaka há:li há:li agriculture? See Language page Ana Paula B.
Ignaciano ['hurunu] From Span. 'horno'. See Language page PLE
Trinitario [hoono] From Span. 'horno'. Note articulation of /h/, where Spanish does not pronounce the 'h'. See Language page PLE
Cha'palaa ['urnu] From Span. 'horno'. See Language page PLE
Bora úlleba ɯ́tʃepa inheritance agriculture? See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane jɨ́goba (W97) xɨ́goba agriculture? See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Apalai aitopo aitopo unknown agriculture? See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Wayana ëlinat ǝlinat unknown agriculture? See Language page PLE
Makiritare hüta:di (KH) (means 'griddle, skillet') hɨta:di (KH) unknown agriculture? See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza; Alyssa Wadley
Mapoyo tari tari [loan Warekena?] agriculture? See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Waimiri Atroari axinjaty aʃiɲatɨ agriculture? See Language page Melody Ann Ross, PLE
Muisca bugun βuγun agriculture? See Language page Daniel Valle
Epena -- agriculture? See Language page PLE
Páez chila tʃila agriculture? See Language page Daniel Valle
Máku wači agriculture? See Language page
Ashuar jakách xakaʧ agriculture? See Language page Daniel Valle
Yuhup b'ɔkʔáh agriculture? See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Nadëb/Roçado dialect aʃi:ra, japøn, haʃeːr (para torrar farinha) unknown agriculture? See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Ingá kallana kaʎana agriculture? See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua callana kaʎana agriculture? See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano kallana kaʎana agriculture? See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Sáliva puhlihu puʔliʔu doubtful loan Arawak, e.g. Piapoco puali agriculture? See Language page Becky Walker
Carapana ataro ataɾɔ agriculture? See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna gataro gatalo inheritance agriculture? See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Tanimuca hõ'tia hõ'tia inheritance agriculture? See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje so'kova soʔkhoba unknown agriculture? See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona soto të'qui soto tɨʔki inheritance agriculture? See Language page Kelsey Neely
Wayampi yãpɛ̃ ('that is round') jãpɛ̃ ('that is round') inheritance agriculture? See Language page PLE
Chiriguano ᵐbuyape-i-ᵐbo-yɨ-ka unique agriculture? See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní t-ata-kua agriculture? See Language page PLE
Sirionó mbae reisa (P85) mbae reisa unknown agriculture? See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Ocaina taháánhfi taʔã́ã́ʔɸi unique agriculture? See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto sibe θibe (B83) unknown agriculture? See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Záparo kawshima paraka kawʃima paraka agriculture? See Language page Becky Walker
Cavineña pabejerere (C&L89) pabeherere unknown agriculture? See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara jiwk´illita [xurnu] agriculture? See Language page PLE
Movima [horno] agriculture? See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Mocoví l-ḳatel-aʁan-aʁaki Lit. '3p possessor-bake-intrans-enclosure'. See Language page PLE
Pilagá l-a'wo-ʁon-aʁaki Lit. '3pp-bake-intrans.-enclosure'. See Language page PLE
Toba l-ḳatel-aʁan-aʁaki Lit. 3p possessor-bake-intrans-enclosure (nom)'. See Language page PLE
Lengua maɬik agriculture? See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité yama-maɬik agriculture? See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet pan apɬaŋkok; namaaɬek agriculture? See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay [woyo]'hi From Span. 'bollo'. See Language page PLE
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -kalanati ~ -kyalanati (f.) agriculture? See Language page PLE
Maca #NAME? Subterranean oven. See Language page PLE
Nivaclé #NAME? The root of the word is yukuwe 'bread'. See Language page PLE
Ayoreo -- agriculture? See Language page PLE
Mapudungun [rono] From Span. 'horno'. See Language page PLE
Tehuelche 'pekˀ agriculture? See Language page PLE
Lokono búddali buddali cassava-baking pan DeGoeje 1928:108 Camille Unger
Kariña arìnatu ariʔnatu baking-plate Courtz 2007:240 Camille Unger