Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

flea

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
pulga
Meaning Portuguese
pulga

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim Siphonaptera pah'-tal, pah-kil' Flea loan Yokuts Proto-NimYokuts *p'a:k'il (Golla 1964:62) same underived C. H. Merriam 72-815, 60-465, 72-815 2 0 0 0 0 no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone Siphonaptera missing missing missing 2 0 0 0 0 no
Cahuilla Siphonaptera múkaš ˈmukaʃ flea inheritance *mu-ku'a: Cupan S892 (Stubbs 2009:152); looks like nose-fly narrower (Seiler and Hioki 1979:113 say that their Mountain Cahuilla consultant says this word refers to fleas of animals, and ku7a to those of people). machily “tick” also given as “flea”. other complex muka-ʃ (etymologically, mu-ku7a: “nose-fly”) no info Seiler & Hioki 1979:113 no info 2 0 no info N/A N/A N/A 0 0 Global Diverse habitats no
Central Sierra Miwok Siphonaptera koo'-gă-zah' flea inheritance *ky:ky$ Miwokan Callaghan 1971 other complex -:a Merriam 57:465 2 0 0 0 0 no
Chemehuevi Siphonaptera pooɂavI flea, louse inheritance *po'a Southern Numic only Stubbs 1358b (2008:205), possibly related to the pusi'a “louse” forms in other Numic broader (flea, louse) other complex has -pi ABS Press 1979 2 0 0 0 0 no
Chumash Barbareno Siphonaptera step flea unique *-tep Central Chumash only There's a tepuchi word in UA -- check? Or is this a Californianism. Klar 1977:86 thinks is PUA but this is wrong. underived Beeler 1978:184 2 0 0 0 0 no
Chumash Ineseno Siphonaptera step, ʃtep flea inheritance *-tep Central Chumash only Central Chumash; There's a tepuchi word in UA -- check? Or is this a Californianism. Klar 1977:86 thinks from PUA but that's wrong underived Applegate 61 2 0 0 0 0 no
Chumash Obispeno Siphonaptera Lqata, Lqat'a pulga unique other complex 7al- Harrington III:1:0050 2 0 0 0 0 no
Chumash Ventureno Siphonaptera step flea inheritance *-tep Central Chumash only Central Chumash underived Klar 1977:86 2 0 0 0 0 no
Cocopa Siphonaptera missing missing missing 2 0 0 0 0 no
Comanche Siphonaptera ekapusi?a flea inheritance *pusia Numic Stubbs 1358a (2008:205) same phrase red-flea/louse Robinson & Armagost 1990:164 2 0 0 0 0 no
Cupeño Siphonaptera mekwash məˈkʷaʃ flea inheritance *mu-ku'a: Cupan S892 (Stubbs 2009:152) same other complex məˈkʷa-ʃ flea-npn -ʔaʃ "pet" possessive classifier for animals Hill & Nolasquez 1973:162 no info 2 0 no N/A N/A N/A 0 0 global diverse habitats no
Esselen Siphonaptera wohehawi (de la Cuesta in Kroeber) flea unique Esselen phrase clearly 2 morphemes, translation undetermined Turner & Shaul 1981:120 2 0 0 0 0 no
Gabrielino Siphonaptera motu:cey muˈtu:ʧej pulga loan Gabrielino loan direction unknown, see Tub. moo-tsoo' 60-499, Kitanemuk ʔatucit same other complex muˈtu:ʧe-j flea-npn (root may be derived) -ʔaʧ "pet" possessive classifier for animals Harrington 411 no info 2 0 no info N/A N/A N/A 0 0 Americas Diverse habitats no
Iipay 'Aa Siphonaptera ɂewill flea unique Probably contains *?-?il WORM same underived Couro & Hutcheson 1973 2 0 0 0 0 no
Kawaiisu Siphonaptera at-too'-ă tse'-tah flea unique a unique formation --maybe louse its-??? same underived Merriam 59:377 2 0 0 0 0 no
Kiliwa Siphonaptera wa?=?il flea (lit. house vermin) unique Contains *?-?il WORM Langdon 1979:639 same phrase house=vermin Mixco 1985 2 0 0 0 0 no
Kitanemuk Siphonaptera ʔatucit ˈʔatuʦit flea loan no information loan direction unknown, see Tub. moo-tsoo' 60-499, Gab. mo-tu:cey same other complex ˈʔatuʦi-t flea-npn -ʔacit "pet" possessive classifier for animals Anderton 1988:274 no info 2 0 highly unlikely no info N/A N/A N/A 0 0 Americas Diverse habitats no
Lake Miwok Siphonaptera kúkuh flea inheritance *ky:ky$ Miwokan Callaghan 1971:21 underived Callaghan 1965 2 0 0 0 0 no
Luiseño Siphonaptera mokwáchish (B) moʹkʷatʃiʃ flea inheritance *mu-ku'a: Cupan S892 (Stubbs 2009:152), this is really 893 plus *mu- “nose” same other complex moʹkʷatʃi-ʃ flea-non.possessed.noun (root contains frozen diminutive) Elliott 1999:538 no info 2 0 no info no info no info no info 0 0 Americas diverse habitats no
Maidu Siphonaptera tyk'y/si flea inheritance *t'yk'ys Maiduan Callaghan 2001:327; Nisenan toon'-koos; took-koos; tŭ-koos'; Note Miwokan *ky:ky$ other complex -i is stem former Shipley 1963 2 0 0 0 0 no
Mojave Siphonaptera ɂichipay kuurems flea unique same phrase bug ? Munro et al.1992 2 0 0 0 0 no
Mutsun Siphonaptera po:r; wipsur “ flea; fleas inheritance *po:r Costanoan Callaghan 1997:59 underived Okrand 1977:135; Mason 1916:427 2 0 0 0 0 no
Nisenan Siphonaptera toon'-koos; took-koos; tŭ-koos' flea inheritance Maiduan Maidu tyk'y/si; Note Miwokan *ky:ky$ underived Merriam 57:243 2 0 0 0 0 no
Northern Paiute Siphonaptera pozeabbe Flea, louse inheritance *pusi'a Numic Stubbs 1358a (2008:205) broader (fleas and lice) other complex has -pi ABS Merriam 61:149 2 0 0 0 0 no
Northern Sierra Miwok Siphonaptera ky:kys-y- flea inheritance *ky:ky$ Miwokan Callaghan 1971 other complex -y nominalizer Callaghan 1987 2 0 0 0 0 no
Plains Miwok Siphonaptera kəkəh, kykyh? flea inheritance *ky:ky$- Miwokan Callaghan 1971 underived Callaghan 1984 2 0 0 0 0 no
Salinan A Siphonaptera Ta:yél flea unique Salinan underived unless /T/ is articular prefix Mason 1918:125; Turner 1980:73 2 0 0 0 0 no
Salinan M Siphonaptera TaiyeL' flea unique Salinan underived Mason 1918:125 2 0 0 0 0 no
Seri (Comcaac) Siphonaptera haxz ii dog flea unique Note Proto-Yuman *?-?il “lice”?? This form is used only for possessed lice in Comcaac narrower (dog fleas only) other complex dog possessed.louse/flea Comcaac Dictionary 363 2 0 0 0 0 no
Serrano Siphonaptera missing missing missing 2 0 0 0 0 no
Southern Paiute Siphonaptera aŋivitsI flea unique looks like the ant word same other complex diminutive of “mosquito” Sapir 1930:548 2 0 0 0 0 no
Southern Sierra Miwok Siphonaptera ky:kyh- flea inheritance *ky:ky$ Miwokan Callaghan 1971 underived Broadbent 1964: 2 0 0 0 0 no
Southern Ute Siphonaptera pǫ?ą-vI flea, louse inheritance *po'a Southern Numic only Stubbs 1358b (2008:205), possibly related to the pusi'a “louse” forms in other Numic broader (fleas and lice) other complex has -pi ABS Givon 1979 2 0 0 0 0 no
Tübatulabal Siphonaptera moo-tsoo' 72-79, 60-499 mu:ˈʦuh (?) flea loan no information loan direction unknown, see Gabrielino motu:cey, Kitanemuk ʔatucit same underived http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_60#page/n479/mode/2up; p. 499 no info 2 0 Voegelin 1938:12 no info N/A N/A N/A 0 0 Americas Diverse habitats no
Tümpisa Shoshone Siphonaptera wittaattsi flea unique same other complex wittaa-ttsi flea-DIM Dayley 1989:386 2 0 0 0 0 no
Wappo Siphonaptera č'óTe flea (CHM confirms 52:579) unique Note Yukian *T'ohk (a/i) underived Sawyer 1965 2 0 0 0 0 no
Washo Siphonaptera gɨX:gɨši7 flea loan Northern Sierra Miwok Mins ky:kys-y-; Pmie *ky:ky$ reduplicated Merriam 55:313; WPD 2 0 0 0 0 no
Western Mono Siphonaptera mutsipI flea inheritance *muwi-/*muCpi/ Proto-Numic Stubbs 887 (2008:151) same derived Has diminutive -pi Bethel et al.:80 no info 2 0 no N/A N/A N/A 0 0 no
Wintu Siphonaptera k'okos flea, “he who puts rafters on” inheritance *k'ok'o Wintun Shepherd 2005; note Miwokan *ky:ky$-, Maiduan tyk'y/si (the Maidu form, Nisenan only from Merriam) other complex k'ok “rafter”, but I think this is folk etymology of a Penutian flea word, look at Miwokan, -os has wrong vowel to be the usual suffix Pitkin 1985 2 0 0 0 0 no
Yavapai Siphonaptera missing missing missing 2 0 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Palewyami Siphonaptera b'âk'el flea inheritance *p'a:k'il Yokutsan Whistler & Golla 1986:355 same underived Kroeber 1961:206 2 0 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Yawdanchi Siphonaptera b'akid flea inheritance *p'a:k'il Yokutsan Whistler & Golla 1986:355 same underived Kroeber 1961:206) 2 0 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Yowlumne Siphonaptera b'akil, bâkil, p'a:k'il flea inheritance *p'a:k'il Yokutsan Whistler & Golla 1986:355 same underived Kroeber 1961:206 2 0 0 0 0 no
Yuki Siphonaptera T'oko7, T'oke (?) A flea inheritance *T'ohk, *T'ohka, *T'ohki Yukian Schlichter 1985; note Wappo č'oth “mosquito”, (Elemendorf 1993:233); also č'óTe “flea” JHH underived Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 2 0 0 0 0 no
Yuma Siphonaptera missing inheritance missing 2 0 0 0 0 no
Akawaio order Siphonaptera chiikpong tʃiʔpoŋ inheritance Northern Carib? See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Baniwa order Siphonaptera kawánhero kawánheɻo, iit̻ítu (FS), kawá-nheɻu (FS) inheritance North Arawak Also iit̻ítu (FS), kawá-nheɻu (FS) uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Carijona order Siphonaptera cik (SM) ‘kutʃika’hamo(H&R) inheritance Northern Carib? But compare Secoya sɨk̃ɨ. Also ‘kutʃika’hamo (H&R) See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Cubeo order Siphonaptera tubacʉ tubakɨ, tu'bá-kɨ unique uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Dâw order Siphonaptera den dæn inheritance missing See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Desano order Siphonaptera disinomemʉ disinomemɯ, di'sídõbẽ unique uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Eñepa order Siphonaptera səhpən səhpən inheritance Northern Carib? See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Guayabero order Siphonaptera taɸíɸ-t taɸíɸ-t unique uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Hodï order Siphonaptera yewi hõhõ yewi hõhõ unique uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Waorani order Siphonaptera gĩta kæ̃pæ unique gĩta 'dog' uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Hup order Siphonaptera n'án-kɔ́b n'án-kɔ́b inheritance compound flea-? See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Kakua order Siphonaptera kǔluʔkǔruʔ kǔluʔ/kǔruʔ unique reduplicated See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Macaguan order Siphonaptera maník, maníp maník, maníp inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Makushi order Siphonaptera sikɨ́ sikɨ́ inheritance Northern Carib? But compare Secoya sɨk̃ɨ. Also ‘kutʃika’hamo (H&R) See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Nheengatu order Siphonaptera tumbira tumbiɾa unknown No info See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Ninam order Siphonaptera ~hihop (gom), ɨ̃rɨ̃hɨnə (EM72) ~hihop (gom), ɨ̃ɾɨ̃hɨnə (EM72) inheritance also ~hihop (gom) uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Nukak order Siphonaptera tãŋãp2 unique uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Maihiki order Siphonaptera ɨ ago ɨ̃ ago, sa ɨ̃ (H&R) unique uncoded ago ago = feminine animate See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Pemon order Siphonaptera chipuen (A1981) tʃipuen (A1981) inheritance Northern Carib? See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Resígaro order Siphonaptera ka?vátsí kaʔvátsí inheritance North Arawak uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Sanumá order Siphonaptera noma (EM72) noma inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Sikuani order Siphonaptera manepa (3) mánepa-to inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Tariana order Siphonaptera kawháneɾe kawháneɾe inheritance North Arawak uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Tukano order Siphonaptera dɨ̃ʔkõẽ́-wɨ̃ dɨ̃ʔkõẽ́-wɨ̃ (h&r) inheritance East Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Kotiria order Siphonaptera nʉhcopeairo (Waltz) nʉhkopeaiɾo (Waltz), dɨ̃ʔ'kõpea-iro (H&R) inheritance East Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Wapishana order Siphonaptera kʰuwaiˀba kʰuwaiˀba inheritance Carib e.g. Akawaio tʃiʔpoŋ; Also: kʰuwaiˀba (Melville IDS) See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yanomam order Siphonaptera noma noma inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yanomami order Siphonaptera kopatashima, rihuuna (EM72) kopataʃima, ɾihu:na inheritance also kopataʃima underived N-CLF.'stinging insect' See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yukuna order Siphonaptera kawa'ajné kawaʔahné inheritance North Arawak uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Achagua order Siphonaptera kawánairi kawánairi inheritance See Language page
Piapoco order Siphonaptera yéeni, kawanáire jé:ni, kawanáire (H&R) See Language page
Kabiyari order Siphonaptera t̪itú, kawá t̪itú, kawá See Language page
Yavitero order Siphonaptera c̷u'ida tsu'ida See Language page
Mandawaka order Siphonaptera ʒíːtu ʒíːtu See Language page
Wayuu order Siphonaptera hayapa See Language page
Yine order Siphonaptera kočopa See Language page
Paresi order Siphonaptera mahatini mahatini unknown See Language page
Ignaciano order Siphonaptera taiɲe eta tamuku See Language page
Trinitario order Siphonaptera 'stukaya See Language page
Baure order Siphonaptera to'tikop to'tikop unknown See Language page
Cha'palaa order Siphonaptera 'čihpi ~ 'čišpi See Language page
Bora order Siphonaptera ḯḯkʰo-kʷa, ïḯkʰo {pl} ɯ́ɯ́kʰo-kʷa, ɯɯ́kʰon {pl} inheritance See Language page
Muinane order Siphonaptera xɨ́ɨ́ku-gai xɨ́ɨ́ku-gai See Language page
Wayana order Siphonaptera sikë sikǝ inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó order Siphonaptera cikə cikə inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo order Siphonaptera sikë (sand flea) sikɛ (sand flea) See Language page
Wai Wai order Siphonaptera kuΦama; sɨɨko kuΦama; sɨɨko inheritance See Language page
Yabarana order Siphonaptera sápuhmo, səuh'pəmə See Language page
Yukpa order Siphonaptera kẽʃépo(H&R) See Language page Phon only in source
Muisca order Siphonaptera muyza muɨtʂa See Language page
Barí order Siphonaptera durāba kū See Language page Lit. 'dog lice'.
Northern Emberá order Siphonaptera púrga púrga See Language page
Cuiva order Siphonaptera petárɨ See Language page
Cofán order Siphonaptera binshin binʃin See Language page phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra order Siphonaptera vaníisiri waníisiɾi unique See Language page
Taushiro order Siphonaptera cuento vicha (cuento=dog) kuɨnto wiʃa See Language page
Páez order Siphonaptera pampa See Language page
Urarina order Siphonaptera ataḍzi atatʃi doubtful loan, direction unknown Andoke See Language page
Camsa order Siphonaptera nzantsána nzantsána See Language page
Andoke order Siphonaptera tãhtsíh (RW52) doubtful loan, direction unknown Urarina See Language page
Pumé order Siphonaptera aʊre nẽ See Language page
Puinave order Siphonaptera dɨk dɨk unique See Language page
Máku order Siphonaptera ˍpicé Φitsé See Language page
Ashuar order Siphonaptera sungkú suŋku See Language page
Huambisa order Siphonaptera sugku suŋku See Language page
Aguaruna order Siphonaptera súgku súngku inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect order Siphonaptera kadɛɛj/ kadiib unique See Language page
Matses order Siphonaptera matish matiʃ unknown See Language page
Katukina order Siphonaptera kamã šoa See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo order Siphonaptera iki See Language page
Yaminahua order Siphonaptera mai ṣ̌ɨna See Language page
Chácobo order Siphonaptera kayaya; mapɨṣ̌pɨ kayaya; mapɨṣ̌pɨ unknown See Language page
Yagua order Siphonaptera dudni ndudnı̃ unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua order Siphonaptera piqui piki See Language page
Ingá order Siphonaptera piki píki (H&R) See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua order Siphonaptera usa usa See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano order Siphonaptera piki piki See Language page
Sáliva order Siphonaptera jahñu (pl.) haʔñu (pl.) unknown See Language page
Bará order Siphonaptera dõkẽã-'bɨ̃ See Language page
Barasano order Siphonaptera rɨ̃gṍbẽ́ rɨ̃gṍbẽ́ See Language page
Carapana order Siphonaptera nurĩqũẽ, 'dṹkẽ́-ã (H&R) nurĩkɛ̃; 'dṹkẽ́-ã (H&R) See Language page
Makuna order Siphonaptera rʉ̃gõmeamʉ lɨ̃gõmɛamɨ, boboroa (H&R) inheritance See Language page
Yuruti order Siphonaptera dɨ̃́kõwẽ dɨ̃́kõwẽ See Language page
Waikhana order Siphonaptera dɨʔ'kõpe dɨʔ'kõpe See Language page
Siriano order Siphonaptera sĩ́nugã́me sĩ́nugã́me, sĩ́-dũ'gã́bẽ-bɨ̃ (H&R) See Language page
Tanimuca order Siphonaptera kõ'rẽ ri'ka kõ'rẽ ri'ka unique metathesis? See Language page
Tatuyo order Siphonaptera dũkẽ-ã dũkẽ-ã See Language page
Tuyuka order Siphonaptera noquẽá nokẽá, dõkẽã-'wɨ̃́ See Language page
Waimaja order Siphonaptera nũkʰɛ̃́ nũkʰɛ̃́ See Language page
Koreguaje order Siphonaptera sãkʉ sãkhʉ, sãkʰɨ inheritance See Language page
Siona order Siphonaptera zi'nga ziʔnga inheritance See Language page
Secoya order Siphonaptera sëquë sɨ̃kɨ See Language page
Karitiana order Siphonaptera kinãmẽn kinãmẽn unknown See Language page
Wayampi order Siphonaptera tunɨ tunɨ unknown See Language page
Aché order Siphonaptera kɨwo unknown See Language page
Chiriguano order Siphonaptera (če-)piki unknown See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní order Siphonaptera tũnᵑgusu See Language page
Sirionó order Siphonaptera eki; ki eki; ki unknown See Language page
Ocaina order Siphonaptera oróóvutyo oróóβɯtʸo unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto order Siphonaptera païrádo paɯrádo See Language page
Minica Witoto order Siphonaptera ɸaïrádo ɸaɯrádo See Language page
Murui Witoto order Siphonaptera ɸaïrada, ɸaïrado ɸaɯrada, ɸaɯrado unique See Language page
Wari order Siphonaptera katʃikon ʔopiʔ (Sousa2009) katʃikon ʔopiʔ (Sousa2009) See Language page
Cavineña order Siphonaptera bi(ʔ)a; takʷapa bi(ʔ)a; takʷapa See Language page
Central Aymara order Siphonaptera k´uthi kˀuti See Language page
Cayuvava order Siphonaptera 'kočepa See Language page Refers to nigua, insect that burrows into the flesh.
Itonama order Siphonaptera o-peʔte See Language page
Kwazá order Siphonaptera harusa, syicosa harusa, syicosa See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané order Siphonaptera miix See Language page
Trumai order Siphonaptera tun tun See Language page
Kaingang order Siphonaptera kãpò kãpɔ See Language page
Canela order Siphonaptera ĩnko See Language page
Djeoromitxi order Siphonaptera päri pǝri See Language page
Mocoví order Siphonaptera pioḳ l-apa-ʁat See Language page Lit. 'dog 3p possessor-?-instrument (masc)'.
Pilagá order Siphonaptera pioḳ l-apa-ʁat See Language page Lit. 'dog 3pp-announce-masc. thing'; see 'louse' 03.811.
Toba order Siphonaptera pioḳ l-ala-ʁat See Language page Lit. 'dog 3p possessor-announce-instrument'.
Lengua order Siphonaptera maliŋ askuk See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité order Siphonaptera maliŋ askok See Language page Lit. 'fox insect' 03.740 + 03.810.
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet order Siphonaptera maaleŋ-askok; semheŋ-askok; tataʔ-askok; ɬaapen-ˀpaskok; pomaap-apaskok See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay order Siphonaptera mawu-'wu See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja order Siphonaptera lataʔ (f.) See Language page
Maca order Siphonaptera c̷xip (m.) See Language page
Nivaclé order Siphonaptera ɬa-ɬa See Language page
Ayoreo order Siphonaptera 'kuča-akaya-'to See Language page Lit. 'the thing, she who bites'.
Mapudungun order Siphonaptera nerɨm See Language page Ranquel form is nerɨm ~ nɨrɨm.
Lokono order Siphonaptera khajaba kʰajaba flea Pet 1987: 358 no
Kariña order Siphonaptera kusipo kusipo flea Courtz 2007:307 no