Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

hammock

Semantic Field
culture-material
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
hamaca, chinchorro
Meaning Portuguese
rede

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source Created By
Kakua maʔ maʔ doubtful loan North Arawak Occurs in Arawak, Macaguan, Kakua (?), Urarina (?), Aguaruna. Taylor 9157 argues that origin is in Arawak 'sleep-NMLZ' WW %amaka Simplex See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Nheengatu makira makira doubtful loan North Arawak Distinct from other TG forms. Occurs in Arawak, Macaguan, Kakua (?), Urarina (?), Aguaruna. Taylor 9157 argues that origin is in Arawak 'sleep-NMLZ' WW %amaka See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin, PLE, Alyssa Wadley
Waorani ñõõ unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hodï diye/tiye unique Also: tiye Simplex See Language page Brittany Weinstein
Yanomami yɨɨ këkɨ, mrakamathoto (EM72) jɨ: kəkɨ, mɾakamatʰoto inheritance Proto-Yanomamo Alternate: jɨ: kekɨ Simplex See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomam rakamthok (EM72) ɾakamtʰok vine hammock, cotton hammock inheritance Proto-Yanomamo Alternate: yɨ̃kɨk; The word for cotton is “yɨ̃ɨkɨk,” the word for a cotton hammock seems to come from this. Simplex See Language page Kelsey Neely
Ninam nakamthok (EM72) nakamtʰok hammock (cotton or vine) inheritance Proto-Yanomamo Simplex See Language page Kelsey Neely
Kotiria pʉno (Waltz) pʉno (Waltz) inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Simplex See Language page Tanja Baeuerlein
Cubeo pãucʉ pãu-kɨ inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Classfier -kɨ See Language page Tanja Baeuerlein; Alyssa Wadley
Tukano pũûgɨ pũûgɨ inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Simplex See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Desano pʉgʉ̃ pɯgɯ̃ inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Simplex See Language page Addison M; Tanja Baeuerlein
Maihiki jaɨdɨ ja xãı̃dɨ xã inheritance Proto-Tukanoan See Language page Daniel Valle
Hup yág jág inheritance Proto-Nadahup Simplex See Language page Pattie Epps
Dâw yeg jæg inheritance Proto-Nadahup Simplex See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Sikuani bu (2) bú inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Brittany Weinstein
Macaguan hamák loan North Arawak Occurs in Arawak, Macaguan, Kakua (?), Urarina (?), Aguaruna. Taylor 9157 argues that origin is in Arawak 'sleep-NMLZ' WW %amaka Simplex See Language page Ana Paula B., Brittany Weinstein
Guayabero búu búu (CM72) inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B.
Pemon kaimi, karimi (A1981) kaimi, kaɾimi (A1981) unknown Alternate: kaɾimi See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza; Alyssa Wadley
Akawaio akkuuak aʔkuak unknown But compare Arawak-origin WW %amaka See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Makushi áttá áttá inheritance Proto-Carib? Attested Venezuelan and Guianan branches See Language page Melody Ann Ross; Alyssa Wadley
Eñepa tatë (MM) tatǝ (MM) inheritance Proto-Carib? Attested Venezuelan and Guianan branches See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin; Alyssa Wadley
Yukuna jamaká; hetá (R01) hamaká; hetá (R01) inheritance, inheritance Proto Arawak Occurs in Arawak, Macaguan, Kakua (?), Urarina (?), Aguaruna. Taylor 1957 argues that origin is in Arawak 'sleep-NMLZ' WW %amaka Simplex See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Tariana amakú amakú inheritance Occurs in Arawak, Macaguan, Kakua (?), Urarina (?), Aguaruna, Taylor (1957): source is Arawak sleep-NMLZ WW %amaka Simplex See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wapishana z̨amaka ʐamaka inheritance Proto Arawak Wanderwort, Arawak source WW %amaka Simplex See Language page Ana Paula B.
Baniwa piéta piéta inheritance Proto North Central Arawak Simplex See Language page Ana Paula B.
Resígaro hamáakú, heté? hamáakú, hetéʔ inheritance, inheritance Proto Arawak Occurs in Arawak, Macaguan, Kakua (?), Urarina (?), Aguaruna. Taylor 1957 argues that origin is in Arawak 'sleep-NMLZ'; [Alternate: heté?] WW %amaka Simplex See Language page Ana Paula B.
Achagua á:maca, éeda (R01) á:maca; éeda (R01) inheritance, inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco amàca; é(e)da (R01) amàka; é(e)da (R01) See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari héeta héeta See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero amáija amáiha See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Bare hmi hmi See Language page Ana Paula B.
Paresi maˈka maˈka inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Trinitario aču See Language page PLE
Baure wotoki wotoki unknown cf. Suya kweteké (but no contact?) See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá amaka amaka inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE
Bora kwaá-pya, kʷaá-pa kwaá-pja, kʷaá-pa inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane gááí-ba gááí-ba See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Apalai otuato otuato inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Wayana ëtat ǝtat inheritance See Language page PLE
Carijona etate inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Tiriyó ehke(tï) ehke(tɨ) unknown See Language page Becky Walker
Makiritare öwa'tö, ö:'wa'tö (KH) əwaʔtə, ə:ʔwaʔtə (KH) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza; Alyssa Wadley
Mapoyo ë'watë ɛ'watɛ See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Wai Wai kuywa kujwa unknown See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Waimiri Atroari samka (Wapishana loan?) samka See Language page Melody Ann Ross, PLE
Yukpa nöjpo nɔhpo See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Northern Emberá hiráabaa hiráaba: See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena ['makʰa] See Language page PLE
Cofán anae´ma anaɛʔma phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page Daniel Valle
Candoshi-Shapra xomanzi tʂomanʂi unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Taushiro u´ne uʔnɨ See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez weh (H&R) weh See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna cüchawa; ná-pa (Alv44) kɨtʃawa; nápa doubtful loan, direction unknown; unique Zaparo kwatitʃa See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina amąą amãa doubtful loan Arawak/Spanish See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Andoke komẽ (ko- is from kono=liana, mẽ means solid and supple); Nom. class -pǝ́ komẽ (ko- is from kono=liana, mẽ means solid and supple); Nom. class -pǝ́ unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé burí See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave kãn kãn unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Warao ha ha See Language page John Blaha
Ashuar támpu tampu See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa tampu tampu See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna amák (Sp.), tampu (small hammock) amák (Sp.), tampu (small hammock) inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Nukak ʔimdʒi unique See Language page
Yuhup yǎg jǎg See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Nadëb/Roçado dialect jak̚ inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect jag See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses di di unknown See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Chácobo niši niši inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua juniy xũnij doubtful loan Witotoan See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua amanga amanga See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua aparina, amanga apaɾina, amanga See Language page Daniel Valle
Piaroa wEri'cah wæriɁsah unknown See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva õcuah tehsia õkʷaʔ teʔsia unknown cf. Carib? See Language page Becky Walker
Bará pũũ'gɨ̃ See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano hũʉgʉ, hũɨ̃ hũʉgʉ, hũɨ̃ See Language page Addison Martinez, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana pṹɨ̃ pṹɨ̃ See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna jũgʉ̃ xũgɨ̃ inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Yuruti pṹgɨ̃ pɨ̃'dõ See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana pɨ̃'dõ pṹgʉ See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano pṹgʉ pṹgɨ See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tanimuca pãũã pãũã inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo pṹɨ̃ pṹɨ̃ See Language page
Tuyuka pũũ-'gɨ̃́ pũũ-'gɨ̃́ See Language page D. Jagannathan, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja ᵽṹũŋɨ̃́ ɸṹũŋɨ̃́ See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje jãurʉ xãurʉ inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona jaon haon inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya jaërë jãɨrɨ See Language page Amanda Novak
Karitiana eremy eɾemɨ unknown See Language page Daniel Valle
Kokama tukini tukini unique See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi ini (new), kea (old) ini (new), kea (old) inheritance, inheritance See Language page PLE
Chiriguano ĩni inheritance See Language page PLE
Sirionó kisa (P85) kisa inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá ini ini inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina xonaajin xõaahĩ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Nɨpode Witoto kḯnai kɯ́nai See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto kḯnai kɯ́nai See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto kïnai kɯnai inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Sanumá makamothotho (EM72) makamotʰotʰo inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Iquito in'++si in'ɨɨsi unique See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Záparo kwaticha kʷatiʧa See Language page Becky Walker
Wari tʃijat (Sousa2009) tʃijat (Sousa2009) See Language page PLE
Araona šawi See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja kiʔɓi unknown See Language page PLE
Tacana warača See Language page PLE
Cavineña e-bade-ki e-bade-ki unknown See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Cayuvava daba See Language page PLE
Itonama ɨtahwɨ See Language page PLE
Kwazá itso itso See Language page Joyce McCormick
Movima sele (J62) sele See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai ueset̯; esak uanta ueset̯; esak uanta unknown See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang tẽ-ja tẽ-ya See Language page PLE
Suyá kweteké kweteké See Language page Rebekah Evans
Djeoromitxi tetä tetǝ See Language page PLE
Lokono hamaka hamaka hammock Pet 1987:360 Camille Unger
Kariña nimjoku nimjoku hammock Yamada 2010:778 Camille Unger