Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

in/inside

Semantic Field
location
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
dentro, adentro
Meaning Portuguese
dentro

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone -kuppan inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla pe-tuk inheritance S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok wa:ni- unknown Jane Hill
Chemehuevi -agav inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno mam' inheritance Wash 2001:109 Jane Hill
Chumash Cruzeno ni-mawa unknown JPH Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno hi mam' inheritance A 433 Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno ni-, nimispu unknown JPH Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno ma7am unknown JPH Jane Hill
Cocopa Ly-, -Ly- (“in”), kway “the inside, interior” unknown Jane Hill
Comanche -kuhpa "inside, within" inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño -nga [-ŋa] inheritance Jane Hill
Gabrielino -$su:n-nga inheritance Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa 'ukuwaay, kuwaay [Ɂʊkʊˈwaˑi], [kʊˈwaˑi] unknown Jane Hill
Kawaiisu -pi, -vi "at, in" inheritance Jane Hill
Kiliwa puq 77 unknown Jane Hill
Kitanemuk -pea, vea inheritance Jane Hill
Lake Miwok tu/ule, -tule unique Jane Hill
Luiseño -nga inheritance Jane Hill
Maidu 7i\n7i/nno “interior, within” unknown Jane Hill
Mojave aaduuly=, haly uvaa= unknown Jane Hill
Mutsun rammay unknown O77:189 Jane Hill
Nisenan honna:n inheritance Jane Hill
Northern Paiute pitakwana "inside" unknown Thornes 03:241 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok hojkim:aTy- inheritance Jane Hill
Plains Miwok hoji:my, hoj:i:my inheritance Jane Hill
Salinan A rumtoki “to within” texts p. 61 unknown Jane Hill
Salinan M missing missing Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) iti, ano (inanimate object) unknown Jane Hill
Serrano 7ahu:na- inheritance R&E200:83 Jane Hill
Southern Paiute -pangwi-G unique Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok 7e:caH- inheritance? Jane Hill
Southern Ute -nag, -nag'A, -naag'A inheritance Jane Hill
Tübatulabal shuuna-l inheritance Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone kuppan inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo ne/we:la unknown Jane Hill
Washo -a/:sha unknown J329 Jane Hill
Western Mono -wee unknown Jane Hill
Wintu 7el- inheritance Jane Hill
Yavapai ya/:l “into, under” unknown Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne -w inheritance N44:203,4 Jane Hill
Yuki -am, -m (or -ki) unknown K1911:356 Jane Hill
Baniwa wáwa wáwa unique See Language page Ana Paula B.
Carijona tawǝ (M2000) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo jívʉ; jívʉi xívɨ; xívɨi unique See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw ked kæd  inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano poheca poʔeka inheritance See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa t-ya (IDS) t-ja (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï -ʰkʷa unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani gi-bõga kæ̃-ka-dẽ unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup g’ǒdan g’ǒd-~ad inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua dit [be.inside] inheritance See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi ya (IDS) ya (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Nheengatu kwarupé (contração de kwara upé), kwara kwaɾupɛ (contração de kwaɾa upɛ), kwaɾa inheritance See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Ninam kamiha (EM72) kamiha inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Nukak liʔ1 inheritance See Language page Lauren Franklin
Maihiki sanu sanu inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon itau, dau, yak, wak (A1981); yau (E1977); po, itau (M2000) itau, dau, dʒak, wak, (A1981); ʎaʊ (E1977) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Sanumá hišomiha (EM72) hiʃomiha inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani tua-túahɨ-ta ('adentro' = 'within', 'inside') inheritance See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tariana wálikuse wálikuse inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tukano poʔpeá, poʔpeápɨ poʔpeá, poʔpeápɨ inheritance E Tuk See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria phʉ'icha; ~sa pʰʉʔiʧa; sã́ã́ inheritance E Tuk See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam fišomiha fiʃomiha inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami ha hamɨ ha hamɨ inheritance metathesis? See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna chiyá, chu tʃijá, tʃu unique See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Arabana pungaworla loan direction unknown Claire Bowern
Bardi gadin kadin inheritance Claire Bowern
Bunuba [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Burarra wuparnana unknown Claire Bowern
Dhangu 2015 unknown Claire Bowern
Dhuwal 2015 inheritance Claire Bowern
Dhuwala djinawa(') inheritance Claire Bowern
Diyari pungamanta loan direction unknown Claire Bowern
DiyariREU [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu 1824 inheritance Claire Bowern
Djapu djinawa(') inheritance Claire Bowern
Djinang guḏiy unknown Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng wootheb unique Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu 2015 loan Dhuwal Claire Bowern
Gurindji walyak loan Jaminjung Claire Bowern
Jabirr-Jabirr gadin kadin inheritance Claire Bowern
Jaru dagurr inheritance Claire Bowern
Karajarri -ja inheritance Claire Bowern
Kija walik unique Claire Bowern
Malyangapa [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Mangala [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Miriwung ngerooma unique Claire Bowern
Mithaka [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Mudburra walyaka Claire Bowern
Mudburra bub inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngamini pungadundru loan direction unknown Claire Bowern
Ngarluma thurnu Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi windri unknown Claire Bowern
Nimanburru gadin kadin inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta kaninykarti loan Western Desert Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta kaninykarti Claire Bowern
Nyikina jimbin XXngl covered up jimbin inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul gadin kadin inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi -ka unique Claire Bowern
Pirriya [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta murnuina unique Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu 2015 unknown Claire Bowern
Walmajarri takurr inheritance Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru ngampa unique Claire Bowern
Warrwa jimbin jimbin inheritance Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu 1902 inheritance Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi wirina unknown Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka walpadundru unique Claire Bowern
Yawuru dyimbin jimbin inheritance Claire Bowern
Achagua já:wiʒiku, liku já:wiʒiku, liku inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco irìcu irìku See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari liku liku See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero íye, íyesitena íye, íyesitena See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Wapishana uwɨʔ uwɨʔ unique See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu huľuʔu See Language page PLE Cf. 'empty' 13.220.
Yine hitoko; nanwaka See Language page PLE
Paresi ako ako inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano amaʔe; te tahuʔe See Language page PLE Also tupirikuha.
Trinitario ʔwiʔku See Language page PLE Also -huʔe, lit. 'stomach'.
Baure #NAME? je unique See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá #NAME? #NAME? inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Cha'palaa -nu; -bi; 'hu'ru-ša See Language page PLE Cf. 'hole' 12.850. 'Inside (a canoe)' is 'kuu-'huru; 'inside (a room or boh)' is 'huu-ša.
Bora pañe, -tu (T98) pañe, -tɯ (T98) inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane fáño (W97) ɸáño See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio gau (~liquid), dak (~building, vehicle) gaʊ (~liquid), dak (~building, vehicle) inheritance Akawaio-Pemon See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin
Apalai ao ao inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Tiriyó awë awǝ (inside a container) inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Makiritare aʔka; anwaʔka (IDS) aʔka; anwaʔka (IDS) unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Mapoyo a, po, të (without movement); aka (with movement) a, po, tɛ (without movement); aka (with movement) See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Wai Wai ero yaw ero yaw inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Waimiri Atroari apo'o apoʔo See Language page Melody Ann Ross, PLE
Yukpa yantaya, yota, yotano See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Kalapalo isata isata unknown See Language page Joyce McCormick
Muisca huia huia See Language page Daniel Valle
Barí #NAME? See Language page PLE Colombia: kačirə. *Chibchan forms for 'at, in' are *ska; *ki; *sa; *ka.
Northern Emberá edháa edháa See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena e'du See Language page PLE
Guayabero tutat, -tat ('adentro' = 'within', 'inside') inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Macaguan at, -t inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cuiva -tʰá en, in Huber & Reed 1992:321 Rebecca Khorram
Playero ta See Language page Rebecca Khorram
Páez ocasthe, dii okastje, dii See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna neóko (Alv44) neóko unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina kʉane, asae kʉane, asae unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa óka, íɲe, éntɕe óka, íɲe, éntɕe See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Andoke #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé tʰo-ro See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave [-te] te unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Ashuar {-nam}, {-num}, {-nmak}, {-numak} {-nam}, {-num}, {-nmak}, {-numak} See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa init init See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna ínitak initak inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect go, ga inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses ëduëduc, nantan ɨduɨduk, nantan unknown See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Katukina naki See Language page PLE
Shipibo-Konibo mɨrã; na-; napo; čičo See Language page PLE
Yaminahua okɨ-mɨ̃ra See Language page PLE
Chácobo na-; no; ṣ̌a-; ha-ṣ̌ara na-; no; ṣ̌a-; ha-ṣ̌ara unknown See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua nube; vimu nube; vimu unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua ucu uku See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá ukupi ukupi See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua ucu uku See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano uku uku See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa ha'kuE' haɁkuæɁ unique See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva joahna hoaʔna unique See Language page Becky Walker
Bará po'péa See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano hubé-a-hɨ hubé-a-hɨ See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana -púpéá-pɨ -púpéá-pɨ See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Yuruti 'sṍõpẽ 'sṍõpẽ See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana -pɨ -pɨ See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Tanimuca tõ'si rõ'õ 'rã tõ'si rõ'õ 'rã unique See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo pupe'á-pɨ See Language page Emily Buell, Paulina Franco
Tuyuka po'péa See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Koreguaje sa'navʉ saʔnavʉ inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona sa'nahuë saʔnawɨ inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya re rɛ See Language page Amanda N
Karitiana kypip, pip kɨpip, pip inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Kokama cuara (suff.) kuara inheritance See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi pupɛ; pɛ pupɛ; pɛ inheritance See Language page PLE
Aché kua inheritance See Language page PLE
Chiriguano ha-pɨpe inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní pɨpe; kotɨ'pɨpe See Language page PLE
Sirionó ye; rie; hie ye; rie; hie inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá pupe pupe inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina jaa haa unique See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Murui Witoto ero, eromo, fo, jeraìmo ɛro, ɛromo, ɸo, hɛraìmo (B83) unknown See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito jinacúma hinakúma unique See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Záparo kwahi kʷahi See Language page Becky Walker
Wari tequipaxi' (lit. 'our thorax; E&K97) tekipaʃiʔ (lit. 'our thorax; E&K97) See Language page PLE
Araona emeo; meo See Language page PLE Also miǰoho; mehe. Inside (the house) is mena bene. *Tacn forms are *-śo; *doxo-śo.
Ese Ejja e-ɗoxoho inheritance; unknown See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo kipa-xe kipa-xe See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana e-dome-he See Language page PLE dobiď̶i so means 'in the center of'.
Cavineña e-doko-ho; -ho e-doko-ho; -ho inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara manqha manḳʰa See Language page PLE
Cayuvava čepɔ; kãhẽ; -põ See Language page PLE
Kwazá akwate, -kwa-, -kwate-, enã akwate, -kwa-, -kwate-, enã See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané ok'haɲ See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE
Movima čo-ɗowi tʃo-ɗowi See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai faxo-n faxo-n unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang ki, kã ki; kã; kãkã; kãki; kãtə See Language page PLE
Canela pɔ; kaarə See Language page PLE
Suyá keŋá keŋá See Language page Rebekah Evans
Karajá ki; ro See Language page PLE
Djeoromitxi kükü køkø See Language page PLE
Chipaya maxk- See Language page PLE To put inside is maxk-š. Also ḳʰuyla; ḳʰuyltan. Suffix form is -kiš.
Mocoví wee-ta-wgi See Language page PLE Lit. '(zero)3p actor-free position-continuative-within'.
Pilagá ∅-'we-ta-awe See Language page PLE Lit. '3pa(zero)-free position-cont.-within'.
Toba we-ta-igi; paʔa-igi See Language page PLE The latter means 'located-inside'.
Lengua kanyi See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité koni; awaɬwok See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet koŋneʔ; awaʔɬok See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay hu'hu See Language page PLE Also 'ihi, see 07.110.
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja kyafʷey See Language page PLE
Maca texem See Language page PLE
Nivaclé ɔkfi; ɔkxi inside, in https://ids.clld.org/ PLE
Ayoreo ihiʔ; tihiʔ; -ihiʔ; -hiʔ; a'heei See Language page PLE Refer to position. See 04.331. Reference to motion, ahaʔ; tahaʔ; -ahaʔ; -jaʔ.
Mapudungun ponwi; pu See Language page PLE Ranquel form is punwi; pu.
Qawasqar alewe See Language page PLE Also loy, which also means 'enter'.
Selknam àṣ; ʔàwuṣ See Language page PLE Respectively: means 'in', cf. 'mouth' 04.240; 'inside'.
Tehuelche 'omš; 'aš; 'ēmš See Language page PLE Respectively: 'here inside'; 'in'; 'very much inside'.
Lokono lokon lokon in Pet 1987:361 Camille Unger
Kariña pota pota inside Yamada 2010:795 Camille Unger