Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

red

Semantic Field
colour
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
rojo
Meaning Portuguese
vermelho

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim mel-mel'-lă-pul 219 unique Jane Hill
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone ainka, enka- (Cherry Creek) inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla selnek-ish inheritance S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok jolol:-i- unknown Jane Hill
Chemehuevi anga/-ga (V) inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno tasin unknown Ono 1996:33 Jane Hill
Chumash Cruzeno lishHy “colorado” unknown JPH Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno L-kupe, L-qupe inheritance Klar 1977:106 Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno 7al-uqshtahaj unknown JPH Jane Hill
Cocopa xwaT “to be red” inheritance Jane Hill
Comanche ekapI inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño kwatikwati'i-sh [kʷatiˈkʷatiɁɪʃ] loan Jane Hill
Gabrielino kwaxo:xa7 loan into protolanguage Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa 'ehwatt [Ɂəˈxʷat] inheritance Jane Hill
Kawaiisu 7aga-ki- inheritance Jane Hill
Kiliwa 7-kwal inheritance Jane Hill
Kitanemuk kwashypk loan into protolanguage Jane Hill
Lake Miwok 7a/wa- unknown Jane Hill
Luiseño qwaya/qwya-sh, 7ava- “to be red” loan into protolanguage Jane Hill
Maidu la/kla\kpe inheritance Jane Hill
Mojave 7ahwat= inheritance Jane Hill
Mutsun Taskuhmin “red one” unknown O77:36,82 Jane Hill
Nisenan lak (?) inheritance Jane Hill
Northern Paiute atsa unique Thornes 03:200 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok weTeT:i- inheritance Jane Hill
Plains Miwok wete7te- inheritance Jane Hill
Salinan A (k)itcka:/ten (A), unknown Jane Hill
Salinan M tc'kA/ten' unknown Mason 1918:149 Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) cheel unknown Jane Hill
Serrano Syri:- inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Paiute angqa-S angqa-ga- to be red inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok jococ-:i unknown Jane Hill
Southern Ute aka-, akag'arY inheritance Jane Hill
Tübatulabal mel7melyppyyl unique Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone angkapi(tyn) inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo chi/pe unknown Jane Hill
Washo a/shung unknown J327 Jane Hill
Western Mono aqabanagi- inheritance Jane Hill
Wintu te:di inheritance Jane Hill
Yavapai (?)hWa/t- “red; blood” inheritance Jane Hill
Yokuts Palewyami holo/tsgai unique K1963 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi badjikin 244 inheritance K07:244 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne pac'alwiyi “turn red” inheritance N1944:59 Jane Hill
Yuki 7a,:sich, 7a,(:)si:7ich, etc. (see “blood”) inheritance S&S 1984 Jane Hill
Yuma 7axwe/T H3:209 inheritance Jane Hill
Baniwa íirai íiɻai inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Carijona tamiremɨ inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo jũaco (f.), jũacʉ (m.), jũaro (inan.) xĩako (f.), xĩakɨ (m.), xĩaɾo (inan.) inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw nôò nô inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano diari diari unique See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa t-ukin-ke t-ukin-ke unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï lu'wa doubtful loan Saliban; possible inheritance? See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani opatawæ̃ unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup dó dó inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua dɨ̂-ni [be.red-adjvz] doubtful loan Nadahup: Hup dó; also Desano diari See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi suyú suyú inheritance N Amaz subgroup See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Nheengatu piranga piɾaŋga inheritance See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Ninam ĩe; wake ĩe; wake unique; inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Nukak mɛ̃lu2 unique See Language page Lauren Franklin
Maihiki ma ma inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon chuyu, chaviyu (A1981); chuuwiiyuu (E1980); chuuyu (M2000) tʃudʒu, tʃavidʒu (A1981); tʃuwiʎu (E1980) inheritance N Amaz subgroup See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Resígaro kedávií́? kedávií́ʔ inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Sanumá hanaha hanaha unique See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani tsó:-bia inheritance See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tariana iɾíte 'vermelho, laranya, amarelo escuro; maduro' iɾíte inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tukano sõ' á- sõ'á- inheritance E Tuk See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria ~so'a ~soʔa inheritance E Tuk See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam wakə wakə inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami wakə wakə inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna kerani keɾani inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yuhup hěɟ hěɟ inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Arabana arkapa unique Claire Bowern
Bardi erer erer inheritance Claire Bowern
Bunuba marlmarli unknown Claire Bowern
Burarra -mugulumberrpa doubtful loan Claire Bowern
Dhangu miku(') inheritance Claire Bowern
Dhuwal miku(') Claire Bowern
Dhuwala ṉipiṉ unknown Claire Bowern
Diyari marralyi unique Claire Bowern
DiyariREU mirawili unique Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu 1930 Claire Bowern
Djapu miku(') Claire Bowern
Djinang miki inheritance Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng ngenhengbe- inheritance Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi thiwa inheritance Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu ṉipiṉ Claire Bowern
Gurindji winkilying unique Claire Bowern
Jaru girrgirr unique Claire Bowern
Karajarri 4502 inheritance Claire Bowern
Kija ngenheng- inheritance Claire Bowern
Malyangapa Mal: parkarditjulu unique Claire Bowern
Mangala piḎpurr unknown Claire Bowern
Miriwung nganangbe inheritance Claire Bowern
Mithaka tjirtiti unique Claire Bowern
Mudburra pilyingpilyinga Claire Bowern
Mudburra bilyingbilyinga loan Claire Bowern
Ngamini marlalyi unique Claire Bowern
Ngandi rlirrwitj unique Claire Bowern
Ngarluma martamarta Claire Bowern
Ngumbarl doggul, dogul, doogul <doggul, dogul, doogul> unique Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi pidibidi inheritance Claire Bowern
Nimanburru werer werer inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla rnurrkurl Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta pilyarri inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta mijimiji unknown Claire Bowern
Nyikina bilyi bilyi inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul werer werer inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi ŋalgina unique Claire Bowern
Pirriya thikarriwina unique Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta kurrhi loan Kalkatungu Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu miku Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu rlirrbuku loan Claire Bowern
Walmajarri pirljipirlji inheritance Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru karamarra unique Claire Bowern
Warrwa bilyi bilyi inheritance Claire Bowern
Wubuy mirlmirla inheritance Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu miku inheritance Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha pirtipirti inheritance Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi pitjirina inheritance? Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka pidipidi inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawuru bilyurrbilyurr bilyurrbilyurr inheritance Claire Bowern
Achagua kírai kírai inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco quíiraca kí:ɾaka See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari kíira kíiɾa See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero sitami sitami See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Wapishana wɨẓa-ʔu wɨẓa-ʔu inheritance Proto-Arawak See Language page Ana Paula B.
Mandawaka kílali kílali See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu išosɨ; iši-to-ľu See Language page PLE
Yine sero See Language page PLE
Paresi xotya, xotere ʃotya, ʃotere inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano tic̷i See Language page PLE
Trinitario -ic̷ʸoro; tic̷i See Language page PLE
Baure moro'sero- moro'sero- inheritance See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá mɨhɨža; k-ɨža mɨhɨža; k-ɨža inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Arutani araʔwi aɾaʔwi See Language page John Blaha
Sape ayña ayɲa See Language page John Blaha
Cha'palaa 'lʸu'ba-ba; 'unga'lala See Language page PLE
Bora thɯ́xpha-njɛ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane tɨ́ɸai-no tɨ́ɸai-no See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio apiiyuu, juuweeyuu apiyu, dʒuweyu unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin
Apalai kamirarame, tahpire kamirarame, tahpire inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Wayana takpilem takpilem unique See Language page PLE
Tiriyó taamiire taamiire inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Makiritare seweičato (IDS) (also means 'ripe') seweitʃato (IDS) unknown See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Mapoyo tapiire tapiire See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Wai Wai ču-ču-re ču-ču-re inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Waimiri Atroari xiwia ʃiwia See Language page Melody Ann Ross, PLE
Yabarana ta'pirəmu See Language page Ana Paula B., John Blaha
Yukpa isuncha pa'tuma See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Kalapalo tupisuGiñe tupisuGiñe inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Muisca heczen mague hektʂen maγe See Language page Daniel Valle
Barí bohḳaraa See Language page PLE Colombia: boko'ranə.
Northern Emberá dyipurrú dʒipurrú See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena pʰo'ree See Language page PLE
Guayabero pa-sói-jax inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Macaguan tsobí tsobí inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cuiva tsóbia rojo, red Huber & Reed 1992:294 Rebecca Khorram
Cofán cu´a kɯʔa See Language page Daniel Valle phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Taushiro achiya aʃija See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez be be See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna daux [5] dauʔ unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina lanahaj lanahaj unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa buángana buangana See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Andoke pe- pe- unique cf. Paez See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé kǫȩ See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Máku leme leme See Language page PLE
Warao simo (any shade of a dark color?) simo (any shade of a daɾk coloɾ?) See Language page John Blaha
Ashuar kapántin kapantin See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa kapantin kapantin See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna kapántu kapántu inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect hiːn inheritance cognate Yuhup See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect hiːɟ See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses shin ʃin inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Katukina hõčĩ See Language page PLE Same as 'yellow' 15.690.
Pacahuara 'šini See Language page PLE d'Orb šini 'red'; čenixna 'to color red'; iroho-čini 'red monkey'.
Shipibo-Konibo hošĩ See Language page PLE
Yaminahua õši See Language page PLE Also means 'ripe'.
Chácobo piši; šini; či-'šini piši; šini; či-'šini inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua runay- runãj unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua puca puka See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá pichi, puka pitʃi, puka See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua puca puka See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano puka puka See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa tua'a tũɑ̃ ʔɑ̃ inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva duwa duwa inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Bará hũ'ã́ See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano ~sua-se ~sua-se See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana jõãrĩqũẽ, jũãrĩqũẽ xɔ̃ãɾĩxɛ̃, xũãɾĩxɛ̃ See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna ~sua-rise ~sua-rise inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yuruti sõ'ã- sõ'ã- See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana sõʔã sõʔã See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano buidi buidi See Language page Ana Paula, Kelsey Neely
Tanimuca hũ'ã 'ka; hũ'ã i'taka hũ'ã 'ka; hũ'ã i'taka inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo hũ'ã- hũ'ã- See Language page Emily Buell, Paulina Franco
Tuyuka sõ'ã sõʔã See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja hṹã́ hṹã́ See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje maaja'ñe maaxaʔɲe inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona ma; mahei-hi ma; mahei-hi inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya ma ja'ico ma 'jaʔikɔ See Language page Amanda N
Kokama pɨtani (to be red) pɨtani inheritance See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi pilã; pɨtã pilã; pɨtã inheritance See Language page PLE
Aché pirã inheritance See Language page PLE
Chiriguano pɨ̃ta inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní pɨtã See Language page PLE
Sirionó ei̯reĩ̯ ei̯reĩ̯ inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá ipirang ipirang inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina tsíího tsííʔo unique See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Nɨpode Witoto hí.aï-re-de hí.aɯ-rɛ-dɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto hí.aï-re-de hí.aɯ-rɛ-dɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto hi.aï-re-de hi.aɯ-rɛ-dɛ inheritance/Witoto See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito ácusana ákusana unique See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Záparo natuka natuka See Language page Becky Walker
Wari pakaʔ pakaʔ See Language page PLE
Araona asele See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja -woʔo unique See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo yoʔo; woʔo yoʔo; woʔo See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana ðere-na; hoti-da See Language page PLE
Cavineña pode-da; ča-ča-da (G71) pode-da; ča-ča-da (G71) unique See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara wila čupika See Language page PLE
Cayuvava tɨrɨrɨ; patɨha See Language page PLE Cf. 'blood' 04.150.
Itonama i-dahke; čˀerasna, čˀeresna See Language page PLE
Kwazá kiʔỹ- kiʔỹ- See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané heih'natč; heih'nas See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE
Movima rapal rapal See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai tsi-omat̯ tsi-omat̯ unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang kusũg kɔsɔŋ; kusũŋ See Language page PLE
Canela prɨɨ See Language page PLE *Jê form is *prɨ. Maxacalí form is pɨtahat, pɨtat. Cf. 'foot' 04.370.
Suyá nɛpčí nɛpčí See Language page Rebekah Evans
Karajá isɔ See Language page PLE
Djeoromitxi nõrü nõrø See Language page PLE
Chipaya lxok See Language page PLE Also means 'blood' 04.150.
Mocoví tok; le-tog-aʁaik See Language page PLE The latter, 'prefix-red-adj (masc)'.
Pilagá 'toom-aʁad-aik See Language page PLE Lit. 'red-augment-masc. adj'.
Toba tok; tog-aʁad-aik See Language page PLE tok ~ tog- mean 'red'.
Lengua #NAME? See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité akyiswasima See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet akyeɬwaseem; kas See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay čot; i-'čot See Language page PLE The latter form is verbal.
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja isyet See Language page PLE
Maca sʔeʔ See Language page PLE
Nivaclé yuk red https://ids.clld.org/ PLE
Ayoreo kara-'taai; kara-'tee See Language page PLE Also koni'nii-n̥ai; koni'niin̥a. 'Bright red' is gaa'tii; ga'tii-a.
Mapudungun kelɨ See Language page PLE Ranquel form is kelɨ ~ kolɨ.
Qawasqar ḳyeyero See Language page PLE Sk, Bo, SpC record kyero for Central QWS. SpS records tˀel for South QWS. Cf. 'yellow' 15.690.
Selknam òtè; pòʔtè See Language page PLE
Tehuelche 'ḳˀāpˀ-; 'ḳˀāpˀ-n-k See Language page PLE The latter, lit. 'red-rel.-masc'.
Lokono kolhen koɽen red Pet 1987:369 Camille Unger
Kariña tapire tapire red Yamada 2010:808 Camille Unger