Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

tobacco

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
tabaco
Meaning Portuguese
tabaco

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim Nicotiana spp. so-kunt' Indian tobacco (Nicotiana spp) loan Yokutsan (arealism) Tubatulabal has same loan, which is from ultimately Yok-Utian form, so should be counted as loan one level up at least WW %sokon same underived C. H. Merriam 72-79, 60-473 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone Nicotiana spp. nymy-pahmon wild tobacco inheritance Yokutsan Loan into Proto-Central Numic WW %pa7mo same phrase Indian tobacco Crapo 1976:145 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Cahuilla Nicotiana spp. pívat ˈpivat tobacco, smoking inheritance *pipaC (*pipat?) Uto-Aztecan S2290 (Stubbs 2009:310) same other complex piva-t -m-exan-7a "inanimate" -m-exan-7a (inanimate classifier) Seiler&Hioki 1979:156 no info 1 innumerable ritual uses 1 1 water solution as vomiturge, leaves as poultices, steam inhaled for colds, etc. Gathered (wild but closely managed) All smoked in pipe, chewed with lime, drunk as decoction depending on use 1 associated with “ecstatic experience”, shamanic journeys 0 All Americas Diverse habitats yes
Central Sierra Miwok Nicotiana spp. hú:Tija- tobacco unique other complex -ja Freeland & Broadbent 1960 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Chemehuevi Nicotiana spp. ko-ahp”B koɂwápI JPH Wild tobacco (Nicotiana) inheritance *ko'aC Southern Numic only Stubbs 2293 (2008:310); isn't there a similar Hopi word? same other complex has -pɨ ABS Merriam 59:547 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Chumash Barbareno Nicotiana spp. show tobacco loan into protolanguage Central Chumash only Yokuts WW %sokon underived Timbrook 2007:149 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Chumash Ineseno Nicotiana spp. šoo tobacco loan into protolanguage Central Chumash only Yokuts loan from Yokutsan into Central Chumash WW %sokon underived Heizer Pinart I:52 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Chumash Obispeno Nicotiana spp. stu'yi' Indian tobacco loan Costanoan I think this is from t-su7yi and cognate with the %sokon loans, perhaps reflecting Costanoan vocalismin the suk-m words, so an earlier loan? WW %sokon underived Timbrook 2007:126 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Chumash Ventureno Nicotiana spp. show Nicotiana quadrivalvis, Indian tobacco loan into protolanguage Central Chumash only Yokuts loan from Yokutsan into Central Chumash WW %sokon underived Timbrook 2007:126 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Cocopa Nicotiana spp. ɂu·p tobacco, cigarette loan into protolanguage Proto-Yuman unknown Mojave 'a'uuv, etc. This must be a very old loan from "Hokan"-level antiquity, or perhaps substratal, cf. Karuk 7uhípih, Chimariko h-óphat ‘smoking’, Proto-Palaihnihan *o:xpi (a Campbell "Pan-Americanism" but in fact only in California, I think) WW %7u:p broader (includes cigarette) underived Crawford 1989 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Comanche Nicotiana spp. pahmu tobacco loan Yokuts loan is into Proto-central Numic, of course WW %pa7mo same underived Robinson & Armagost 1990:166 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Cupeño Nicotiana spp. pivat ˈpivat tobacco inheritance *pipaC- Uto-Aztecan S2290 (Stubbs 2009:310) narrower (includes only the wild Nicotianas, not commercial tobacco) other complex ˈpiva-t tobacco-npn Hill & Nolasquez 1973:168 no info 1 “ceremonial smoking accompanied all serious ceremonies...(Strong 1929:267) 1 most parts of plants poisonous 1 at least in shamanic curing, other uses as well, but no info gathered (wild but closely managed) all crushed with lime for chaw, smoked, brewed into decoction 1 0 Americas diverse habitats yes
Esselen Nicotiana spp. ka'a tobacco unique Esselen Shaul notes Miw *kajaw, and “PL”, “CS” forms (abbreviations not defined!) but I don't think there's enough there to be sure underived Shaul 1988:694 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Gabrielino Nicotiana spp. pi:vat ˈpi:vat tobacco inheritance *pipaC- Uto-Aztecan S2290 (Stubbs 2009:310) narrower (plant only, does not include the prepared leaf which is $okin or pespivat other complex ˈpi:va-t tobacco-npn -hi:n classifier for worthwhile possessions Harrington 095, 182 no info 1 used in ritual and shamanism as intoxicant 1 plant parts often poisonous 1 vomiturge, for urinary infections, stomach pains, wounds (McC p. 102) gathered (wild, but closely managed) men ground with lime and water as chaw (pespi:vat), smoked,decoction with other herbs 1 0 Americas Diverse habitats no
Iipay 'Aa Nicotiana spp. ɂup tobacco loan into protolanguage Proto-Yuman unknown Mojave 'a'uuv, etc.; Karuk 7uhípih, Chimariko h-óphat ‘smoking’, Proto-Palaihnihan *o:xpi WW %7u:p same underived Couro & Hutcheson 1973 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Kawaiisu Nicotiana spp. soɁo(n)dɨ Nicotiana bigelovii loan Yokutsan by way of? broader (includes plant, tobacco) underived 1981 Zigmond 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Kiliwa Nicotiana spp. ?+hip tobacco, cigarettes loan into protolanguage Proto-Yuman unknown something like *hip originally???,i > u in whole family except Kiliwa??; cf. Karuk 7uhípih, Chimariko h-óphat ‘smoking’, Proto-Palaihnihan *o:xpi WW %7u:p broader (includes plant and cigarettes other complex ?-dummy nominal element + hip Mixco 1985 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Kitanemuk Nicotiana spp. civut ˈʦivut wild tobacco semantic shift *ciʔpuC “bitter” Uto-Aztecan S222 (Stubbs 2009:69) broader (plant and tobacco products like the chaw, etc) other complex ˈʦivu-t tobacco-npn (note ˈʦivuʔ “bitter”) -niw possessive classifier for things Anderton 1988:286 no info 1 given to boy at end of vision quest ritual 1 mixed with pine nuts in cakes 1 planted (intensive maintenance) all diverse preparations 1 0 Americas Diverse habitats yes
Lake Miwok Nicotiana spp. kájaw tobacco inheritance Pmiw only Callaghan speculates MIGHT be Pmi (eastern forms have ka:sy-), it is Pmiw underived Callaghan 1965 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Luiseño Nicotiana spp. píivat ʹpi:vat tobacco, cigarette inheritance *pipaC (*pipat?) Uto-Aztecan S2290 (Stubbs 2009:310) broader (includes cigarette as well as plant and leaves) other complex ʹpi:va-t tobacco-non.possessed.noun Elliott 1999:716 no info 1 couplet: piivat, pavyut “tobacco, ceremonial.beads”; a Chingichngish plant (Harrington 1978:133); soup made of piivat at girl's initiation ceremony. Piivat is a changichngish (powerful spirit) 1 plant parts often poisonous if eaten 1 gathered (wild but closely managed) all smoked in pipe, chewed with lime, drunk as decoction depending on use (no ref for this but these uses universal in area) 1 0 Americas diverse habitats yes
Maidu Nicotiana spp. pàní tobacco loan into protolanguage *pan Maiduan Sierra Miwok Ultan 1964:365 #197 WW %pa7mo other complex -i is stem former Shipley 1963 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Mojave Nicotiana spp. ɂaɂuuv tobacco loan into protolanguage Proto-Yuman unknown IA ɂup; C. ɂu·p, etc. and cf. Karuk 7uhípih, Chimariko h-óphat ‘smoking’, Proto-Palaihnihan *o:xpi WW %7u:p same underived Munro et al.1992 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Mutsun Nicotiana spp. maTTer tobacco inheritance Costanoan Kroeber 1910 has in Scr, Sc, Sj underived Okrand 1977:56 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Nisenan Nicotiana spp. pan Indian tobacco loan into protolanguage *pan Maiduan Sierra Miwok Ultan 1964: 365: #197 WW %pa7mo underived Uldall & Shipley 1966 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Northern Paiute Nicotiana spp. pooebahmoo Indian tobacco, Wild tobacco loan Yokuts has pooe- “green” on pamo form WW %pa7mo same phrase green-tobacco Yerington Dictionary 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Northern Sierra Miwok Nicotiana spp. ka:sy- tobacco inheritance Miwokan Callaghan suggests in Bodega Dic that Pmiw *kajaw and Pmie *ka:sy- do go together somehow but gives no reconstruction underived here /y/ is not nominalizer Callaghan 1987 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Plains Miwok Nicotiana spp. ka:sy- tobacco inheritance Miwokan Callaghan gives Pmiw *kajaw in Bodega dic and suggests probably Pmi underived Callaghan 1984 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Salinan A Nicotiana spp. Ta:lám' tobacco unique Salinan underived might be that /T-/ is articular prefix Mason 1918:130; turner 1980:86 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Salinan M Nicotiana spp. Toelám tobacco unique Salinan underived Mason 1918:130 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Seri (Comcaac) Nicotiana spp. haapis casa desert tobacco, N. obtusifolia unique Is the haapis part the %u:p word? narrower (a species of Nicotiana) finite clause? tobacco stinks Comcaac Dictionary 307 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Serrano Nicotiana spp. pi:v-t tobacco inheritance *pipaC- Uto-Aztecan S2290 (Stubbs 2008:310) other complex -t NPN KCHill ms 2001:44 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Southern Paiute Nicotiana spp. qwo'api Indian tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) unique Colorado River Numic only; Stubbs 2293 (2008:310) same other complex has -pi ABS (so perhaps not the plant??) Sapir 1930:652 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Southern Sierra Miwok Nicotiana spp. ka:hy- wild tobacco inheritance Miwokan Pmiw *kajew, Pmie *ka:sy probably related, but how? underived Broadbent 1964: 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Southern Ute Nicotiana spp. qo?á-pŲ tobacco unique Colorado River Numic only: Stubbs 2293 (2008:310) same other complex has -pɨ ABS Givon 1979 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Tübatulabal Nicotiana spp. shokohnt ʃoˈgohnt tobacco, Nicotiana bigelovii and N. attenuata loan Yokuts a Yok-Utian etymon, broadly distributed in California and in Numic WW %sokon broader (includes plant and several preparations) other complex ʃoˈgohn-t tpbacco-npn Hill 2010:79 no info 1 used to seek spirit familiar 1 1 diverse uses for curing gathered (wild but closely managed) women diverse preparations: mixed with lime as chaw, snuff; smoked crushed leaves. VERY closely managed at the level of semi-cultivation 1 0 prepared tobacco used in exchange Americas Diverse habitats no
Tümpisa Shoshone Nicotiana spp. pahompin, pahompü tobacco, cigarette loan Yokutsan, by way of Monachi?? Loan into Proto-Central Numic broader (includes plant and tobacco and tobacco products) other complex pahom-pin, tobacco-CL pin Dayley 1989:180 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Wappo Nicotiana spp. lúče tobacco unique underived Sawyer 1965 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Washo Nicotiana spp. báŋkuš wild tobacco (dried and smoked) loan Maidu Maiduan *pan other complex what is -kush? Could this be a phrase? A compound? Merriam 55:323; WPD 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Western Mono Nicotiana spp. pamo, pamopI cigarette, native tobacco loan Yokuts This is an old loan but not into proto-Numic WW %pa7mo narrower (does not include tobacco in manufactured cigarettes, pipe tobacco, cigars, etc) derived -pi Bethel et al.:127 no info 1 smoking important in shamanistic practice 1 1 chewed for fatigue, dreams; drunk for vomiting/purging Gathered (wild but closely managed) all no info 1 0 Gayton 2:270 yes
Wintu Nicotiana spp. lol tobacco inheritance *lo(:)l Wintun Shepherd 2005 underived Schlichter 1981 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Yavapai Nicotiana spp. ɂū:βa tobacco loan into protolanguage Proto-Yuman unknown IA ɂup; C. ɂu·p, etc. and cf. Karuk 7uhípih, Chimariko h-óphat ‘smoking’, Proto-Palaihnihan *o:xpi WW %7u:p unknown Shaterian 1983 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Yokuts Palewyami Nicotiana spp. còg'en tobacco inheritance *suk... Yok-Utian Callaghan 1997:41, Yok-Utian, or a very old loan narrower (perhaps just the tobacco itself and not the plant; see “other notes”) other complex the word appears in diverse derivations; Newman 1944:148 notes a deverbal suffix -in, -n in Yokutsan Merriam 58:541, Kroeber 1961 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Yokuts Yawdanchi Nicotiana spp. sho'-kon Indian tobacco inheritance *suk... Yok-Utian Callaghan 1937:41 or a very old loan WW %sokon same underived ultimately a derivation, but I don't think synchronically Merriam 58:379 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Yokuts Yowlumne Nicotiana spp. sògon, so:gon tobacco inheritance *suk... Yok-Utian Callaghan 1937:41 or a very old loan WW %sokon same underived ultimately, a derivation, but I don't think synchronically Kroeber 1961:193 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Yuki Nicotiana spp. woyąl' A, F, woyol' A tobacco inheritance *woy(m)ol' Yukian Schlichter 1985 other complex -ol short for -mol Schlichter diss Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Yuma Nicotiana spp. mil'-yah-oov' Tobacco (not Whiteman's tobacco which is ah-ov) loan into protolanguage Proto-Yuman unknown IA ɂup; C. ɂu·p, etc. and cf. Karuk 7uhípih, Chimariko h-óphat ‘smoking’, Proto-Palaihnihan *o:xpi unknown Merriam 61:475 1 1 1 1 0 yes
Akawaio Nicotiana tabacum tamɨ (SM) tamɨ (SM) inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Baniwa Nicotiana tabacum dzéema dzéema inheritance Proto-Arawak (North and South) uncoded See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Carijona Nicotiana tabacum tamwinto ta’mɯ (H&R) inheritance Proto-Carib Compare Arawak, possibly early loan. Also tamwinto (D&S1973) See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Cubeo Nicotiana tabacum buchi, buchitʉrava bu'tʃí, butʃitʉlava unique Also butʃitʉlava uncoded See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Dâw Nicotiana tabacum rũút hũ̌t inheritance old semantic shift? from puhũt 'blow' underived See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Desano Nicotiana tabacum muru muru, bũ'rṹ inheritance Proto-Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Eñepa Nicotiana tabacum kowae; kawae kawaeyo' (planta) (MM) kowae; kawae kawaejoʔ (planta) (MM) doubtful loan into protolanguage Northern Carib? possibly from Arawak 'kuwai' deity? Venezuelan Carib Likely loan into Hodï: Hodï ʰkawoi. Also tamu See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Guayabero Nicotiana tabacum xo xo inheritance compare Muisca hoska uncoded See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Hodï Nicotiana tabacum jkawai ʰkawoi loan Carib Eñepa "kowae; kawae kawaejoʔ", Makushi and Makiritare"kawai" and other Carib uncoded See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Waorani Nicotiana tabacum okæ̃-ĩ unique uncoded See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Hup Nicotiana tabacum hũ̌t hũ̌t inheritance underived See Language page 1 smoked in ritual, curing, and everyday contexts 0 smoked 0 cultivated dried and smoked 0 1 attained through exchange with Tukanoans no plant
Kakua Nicotiana tabacum ~hʉ̌p ~hɨ̌p doubtful loan into protolanguage, direction unknown Puinave hǝp underived See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Macaguan Nicotiana tabacum kojá kohá inheritance uncoded See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Makushi Nicotiana tabacum kawáí kawáí doubtful loan into protolanguage Northern Carib? possibly from Arawak 'kuwai' deity? Venezuelan Carib Likely loan into Hodï: Hodï ʰkawoi. Also tamu See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Nheengatu Nicotiana tabacum baruri baɾuɾi unknown Proto-Tupi-Guarani Mello gives pitima (inheritance) Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000. Also: baɾuɾi underived See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Ninam Nicotiana tabacum pinahi, piinahi (EM72) pinahi, piinahi inheritance underived nahe = CLF "tobacco" in Yanomami. Has it been reanalyzed as one word in Ninam (which only has a handful of CLF) See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Nukak Nicotiana tabacum húup (P07); ɲɨna (H&R) doubtful loan into protolanguage, direction unknown Puinave hǝp uncoded See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Maihiki Nicotiana tabacum mɨto ja mɨto xã, bɨ̃to inheritance Proto-Tukanoan uncoded xã xã (orth. ja) = inanimate See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Pemon Nicotiana tabacum kavai, tamu (A1981) kavai, tamu (A1981) doubtful loan into protolanguage Northern Carib? possibly from Arawak 'kuwai' deity? Venezuelan Carib Likely loan into Hodï: Hodï ʰkawoi. Also tamu See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Resígaro Nicotiana tabacum niítsí?ó niítsíʔó doubtful loan cf. Yukuna Yucuna-Resigaro only; inheritance or loan? uncoded See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Sanumá Nicotiana tabacum pini (EM72) pini (EM72) inheritance uncoded See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Sikuani Nicotiana tabacum tséːma tséːma loan Arawak uncoded See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Tariana Nicotiana tabacum yeéma (dp91), yéma (aa01) jeéma (dp91), jéma (aa01) inheritance Proto-Arawak (North and South) uncoded See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Tukano Nicotiana tabacum mɨ'rô mɨ'rô, bɨ̃ʔrṍ inheritance Proto-Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Kotiria Nicotiana tabacum ~bʉ'do ~bʉʔdo, bɨ̃ʔ'dõ inheritance Proto-Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Wapishana Nicotiana tabacum suuma suuma inheritance Proto-Arawak See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Yanomam Nicotiana tabacum peenahe (EM72); bee najeco (WS76) pe:nahe; beenaheko inheritance also beenaheko uncoded See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Yanomami Nicotiana tabacum pẽẽ nahe, pẽek nahe (EM72) pẽ: nahe, pẽek nahe inheritance nahe = CLF "tobacco" underived N+CLF nahe = CLF "tobacco" (Ramirez 94) See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Yukuna Nicotiana tabacum lichi litʃi doubtful loan cf. Resigaro Yucuna-Resigaro only; inheritance or loan? uncoded See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Yuhup Nicotiana tabacum hũ̂t hũ̂t inheritance underived See Language page 1 0 0 0 1 no plant
Achagua Nicotiana tabacum tʃé:ma (dp91) tʃé:ma (dp91) inheritance See Language page plant
Piapoco Nicotiana tabacum tʃéma (dp91) tʃéma (dp91) See Language page plant
Kabiyari Nicotiana tabacum tʃéema tʃéema See Language page plant
Yavitero Nicotiana tabacum jema (dp91) jema (dp91) See Language page plant
Mandawaka Nicotiana tabacum dé:ma See Language page plant
Wayuu Nicotiana tabacum yɨi See Language page Refers to the tobacco plant. ta-ima is the ration of tobacco.
Yine Nicotiana tabacum yiri ~ hayi-re See Language page *Piro-Apuriná form is *ha-yui-ri.
Paresi Nicotiana tabacum aˈxiyi aˈʃiji unknown See Language page plant
Ignaciano Nicotiana tabacum saware See Language page plant
Trinitario Nicotiana tabacum saware See Language page plant
Baure Nicotiana tabacum son son unknown See Language page plant
Waurá Nicotiana tabacum hɨ'ka hɨ'ka unknown See Language page plant
Cha'palaa Nicotiana tabacum ['taaku] See Language page From Span.
Bora Nicotiana tabacum panʸe panʲɛ inheritance See Language page plant
Muinane Nicotiana tabacum báñójɨ báñíxɨ See Language page plant
Apalai Nicotiana tabacum tamyaryry, matary tamɨarɨrɨ, matarɨ inheritance See Language page plant
Wayana Nicotiana tabacum tamï tamɨ inheritance See Language page plant
Tiriyó Nicotiana tabacum támue támue inheritance See Language page plant
Makiritare Nicotiana tabacum kawai (IDS) ( Also čāwaiʔčɨ, 3rd person possessed form); ka:wai (KH) kawai (IDS); ka:wai (KH) doubtful loan into protolanguage possibly from Arawak 'kuwai' deity? Venezuelan Carib See Language page plant
Mapoyo Nicotiana tabacum kawai kawai See Language page plant
Wai Wai Nicotiana tabacum kamahšu kamahšu unknown See Language page plant
Yabarana Nicotiana tabacum ka'wai See Language page plant
Yukpa Nicotiana tabacum tápak tápa(H&R) See Language page Phon only in source plant
Kalapalo Nicotiana tabacum teñiñĩ teñiñĩ inheritance See Language page plant
Muisca Nicotiana tabacum hosca hoska See Language page plant
Northern Emberá Nicotiana tabacum thabháko (Sp: tabaco) thabháko See Language page plant
Cuiva Nicotiana tabacum tséma See Language page plant
Playero Nicotiana tabacum tabáko-baxú-to See Language page plant
Cofán Nicotiana tabacum ccumba khɯmba See Language page phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS plant
Candoshi-Shapra Nicotiana tabacum tsapantsi tsapantsi unique cf. Jivaro, Arawak? See Language page plant
Taushiro Nicotiana tabacum tayacu (Spanish loan) tajaku See Language page plant
Páez Nicotiana tabacum wãjy, wẽjy wãxʲ, wẽxʲ(H&R) See Language page plant
Tikuna Nicotiana tabacum pori poɾi unique See Language page plant
Urarina Nicotiana tabacum enoata enoata unique See Language page plant
Camsa Nicotiana tabacum tbáko(SP loan) tbáko(SP loan) See Language page plant
Andoke Nicotiana tabacum táu táu unique See Language page plant
Pumé Nicotiana tabacum gãbi See Language page plant
Puinave Nicotiana tabacum həp-yõn həp-jõn doubtful loan Kakua-Nukak hu/ʉp See Language page plant
Máku Nicotiana tabacum büde See Language page plant
Ashuar Nicotiana tabacum tsaang tsa:ŋ See Language page plant
Huambisa Nicotiana tabacum tsaag tsa:ŋg See Language page plant
Aguaruna Nicotiana tabacum tsaág tsa:ng doubtful loan into protolanguage Arawak tsema See Language page plant
Nadëb/Roçado dialect Nicotiana tabacum hũːt inheritance See Language page plant
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect Nicotiana tabacum hũːt See Language page plant
Matses Nicotiana tabacum nënë nɨnɨ unknown See Language page plant
Kakataibo Nicotiana tabacum romɨ See Language page *Panoan *romɨ.
Katukina Nicotiana tabacum romɨ See Language page Cf. 'magic, sorcerer' 22.420; 22.430.
Shipibo-Konibo Nicotiana tabacum romɨ See Language page plant
Yaminahua Nicotiana tabacum romɨ See Language page plant
Chácobo Nicotiana tabacum romɨ romɨ inheritance See Language page plant
Yagua Nicotiana tabacum sudivi sundiwi unique See Language page plant
Napo Lowland Quichua Nicotiana tabacum tahuacu tawaku See Language page plant
Quechua Ayacuchano Nicotiana tabacum sayri (CP94) sajri See Language page plant
Piaroa Nicotiana tabacum hæt'e(i)sohæ hæt'e(i)sohæ unique See Language page plant
Sáliva Nicotiana tabacum arre are unique See Language page plant
Bará Nicotiana tabacum bɨ̃'dṍ See Language page plant
Barasano Nicotiana tabacum bɨ̃dṍ bɨ̃dṍ See Language page plant
Carapana Nicotiana tabacum mʉno mɨ̃nõ, bɨ̃dṍ See Language page plant
Makuna Nicotiana tabacum mʉno mɨno, bɨ̃dõ inheritance See Language page plant
Yuruti Nicotiana tabacum bɨ̃́dõ bɨ̃́dõ See Language page plant
Waikhana Nicotiana tabacum bɨ̃ʔ'dõ bɨ̃ʔ'dõ See Language page plant
Siriano Nicotiana tabacum muurú muuɾú, bũʔ'rṹ See Language page plant
Tanimuca Nicotiana tabacum bĩʔ'rõã bĩʔ'rõã inheritance See Language page plant
Tatuyo Nicotiana tabacum bɨ̃'dṍ bɨ̃'dṍ See Language page plant
Tuyuka Nicotiana tabacum bɨ̃'dõ bɨ̃ʔdõ, bɨ̃'dṍ See Language page plant
Waimaja Nicotiana tabacum mɨ̃́nṍ mɨ̃́nṍ See Language page plant
Koreguaje Nicotiana tabacum mʉtokorovʉ mʉtokhorobʉ, mɨtʰo (H&R) inheritance See Language page plant
Siona Nicotiana tabacum mëto mɨto inheritance See Language page plant
Secoya Nicotiana tabacum mëto mũ'to See Language page plant
Kokama Nicotiana tabacum petɨma petɨma inheritance See Language page plant
Wayampi Nicotiana tabacum pɛtɨ; pɛtɨ-sĩ, makulɛ pɛtɨ; pɛtɨ-sĩ, makulɛ inheritance See Language page plant
Chiriguano Nicotiana tabacum pẽtɨ inheritance See Language page plant
Paraguayan Guaraní Nicotiana tabacum petɨ̃ See Language page plant
Sirionó Nicotiana tabacum ero ero unknown See Language page plant
Ocaina Nicotiana tabacum tyohooko tʲoʔooko inheritance See Language page plant
Nɨpode Witoto Nicotiana tabacum dï.ó-na dɯ.ó-na See Language page plant
Minica Witoto Nicotiana tabacum dï.ó-na, ǰéra dɯ.ó-na, dʒέra See Language page plant
Murui Witoto Nicotiana tabacum dï.o-na dɯ.o-na inheritance See Language page plant
Iquito Nicotiana tabacum tahuáacu (MC: borrowing from Sp. tabaco) tawáaku (MC: borrowing from Sp. tabaco) loan Spanish See Language page plant
Záparo Nicotiana tabacum awn+ka awnɨka See Language page plant
Wari Nicotiana tabacum kajitʃe (non-planted) (Sousa2009) kajitʃe (non-planted) (Sousa2009) See Language page plant
Ese Ejja Nicotiana tabacum kiaʔe See Language page plant
Ese Ejja/Huarayo Nicotiana tabacum šawano e-ixia-wičača-xi šawano e-ixia-wičača-xi See Language page plant
Tacana Nicotiana tabacum omasa See Language page Tobacco powder is poroma.
Cavineña Nicotiana tabacum omaha omaha See Language page plant
Central Aymara Nicotiana tabacum tʰuxsa-tʰuxsa See Language page plant
Cayuvava Nicotiana tabacum upe ~ upæ See Language page plant
Itonama Nicotiana tabacum waydala See Language page plant
Kwazá Nicotiana tabacum uinũ, ui uinũ, ui See Language page plant
Mosetén-Chimané Nicotiana tabacum kos See Language page plant
Movima Nicotiana tabacum yoma-ris joma-ris See Language page plant
Trumai Nicotiana tabacum fi fi See Language page plant
Kaingang Nicotiana tabacum Φũmu (Pt loan) (IDS) Φũmu See Language page plant
Canela Nicotiana tabacum parho See Language page plant
Djeoromitxi Nicotiana tabacum padji padʒi See Language page plant
Mocoví Nicotiana tabacum n-aseer-ek See Language page Refers to a native plant whose root may be smoked.
Pilagá Nicotiana tabacum 'ḳoy-ik; lo-'ḳoy-ik See Language page Respectively: lit. 'puff/smoke-producer'; '3pp-smoke-producer of'.
Toba Nicotiana tabacum l-ašiid-ek See Language page Lit. '3p possessor-puff-object (masc)'.
Lengua Nicotiana tabacum hena See Language page plant
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité Nicotiana tabacum akhina (anik) See Language page plant
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet Nicotiana tabacum heenaʔ See Language page plant
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay Nicotiana tabacum yo'kʷas See Language page plant
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja Nicotiana tabacum inyewut; -xlanek ~ -xlyenek See Language page plant
Maca Nicotiana tabacum finak (m.) See Language page Cf. 'pipe' 08.691.
Nivaclé Nicotiana tabacum finɔk See Language page plant
Ayoreo Nicotiana tabacum si-'di See Language page plant
Mapudungun Nicotiana tabacum pɨṭ͡ʀem; ṭ͡ʀupa ṭ͡ʀupa See Language page From Augusta 1915. Ranquel form is pɨṭ͡ʀem.
Qawasqar Nicotiana tabacum tˀelḳs See Language page Also means 'cigarette'. Cf. 'smoke' 01.830', footnote. Bo records tˀelks for Central QWS.
Tehuelche Nicotiana tabacum 'g̣olḳl; 'yawč; 'eʔmḳn See Language page Respectively: ancient tobacco; tobacco/cigarette; cigarette.
Lokono Nicotiana tabacum yuri juri tobacco, tobacco plant Fanshawe 1949:74 no
Kariña Nicotiana tabacum kuraru kuraru tobacco plant sp. Courtz 2007:305 no