Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

afterworld, land of dead, Heaven

Semantic Field
culture-mythology
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
tierra do los muertos
Meaning Portuguese
terra dos mortos

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
Cahuilla telmekiš place where dead people live, hell inheritance *tyL-mukki Cupan Stubbs 2113 other complex derivation is only accessible etymologically Seiler & Hioki 1979:207
Cupeño telmekish land of the spirits, underworld, "Hell" inheritance *tyL-mukki Cupan Stubbs 2113 other complex Hill & Nolasquez 1973
Luiseño tolmul hell', underworld inheritance *tyL-mukki Cupan Stubbs 2113 other complex Elliott 1999
Gabrielino to-koop-nah-ar'-ro $i:$ovet infierno H 520 final abode, place above unique this is from sky word other complex
Serrano to-e'-pe-at tyīpiat final abode, 'all get there' inheritance *tywi- Takic Stubbs 1799 with -piat, what's that other complex K. Hill Dict., Merriam confirms
Kitanemuk tüypea ü is barred I, y is [j] land of the dead, hell unknown Serran only simplex Anderton 1988
Tübatulabal Āpōnōlīmak Land of the Dead unique other complex K. Hill Tb>Eng
Bankalachi Toloim missing missing
Kawaiisu missing missing
Chemehuevi missing missing
Southern Paiute missing missing
Southern Ute na7ay-ty-paa-ty Hell, 'through fire' unique surely new, based on Christian hell derived, other complex Givon
Tümpisa Shoshone missing missing
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone missing missing
Comanche missing missing
Western Mono missing missing
Northern Paiute missing missing
Southern Sierra Miwok wale:ti-tHo- hell unknown see wali in other lgs; probably Pmi *wal:i- 'world' other complex nt Broadbent 1964
Central Sierra Miwok missing missing
Northern Sierra Miwok kuci7:aci7 wal:i7 the Good Place, heaven unique is the wal:i7 related to the SSM 'hell' word??? phrase Callaghan 1987
Plains Miwok missing missing
Lake Miwok wejáawali hell, lower world unique again, we have wali here, what is? Also Pmiw *weja 'world' phrase wéja- 'base, bottom, lower' Callaghan 1965
Maidu missing missing
Nisenan missing missing
Yokuts Yawelmani missing missing
Yokuts Yawdanchi tibiknitc world of the dead unknown derived Kroeber 1907
Yokuts Palewyami missing missing
Washo dewYúli 7itnáwaya in ghost country, the land of the dead unknown dewyúli 7itdé7 dead people's country phrase Washo Project Dictionary
Wintu nor-Lu:t-to:nin in heaven, "that south sweathouse" unknown compound south-sweathouse Pitkin 1985
Yuki missing missing
Wappo missing missing
Mutsun hurčaşYmin-tak hell-to unknown derived, phrase Okrand 1977
Esselen missing missing
Salinan A Tuxtine hells unknown Proto-Salinan only plural given other complex T- is prefix Mason 1918
Salinan M Tuxtine hells unknown Proto-Salinan only plural given other complex Mason 1918
Chumash Obispeno timisputspu infierno (lit. abajo de la tierra) compound Harrington
Chumash Ineseno missing missing
Chumash Barbareno hemišup floor, hell unknown compound shup 'world' Beeler 1978
Chumash Ventureno missing missing
Iipay 'Aa missing missing
Cocopa màTkWşapú the land of the dead unique compound maT 'land', şapú ;one who is dead, deceased relative' Crawford 1989
Mojave 7Amat Chamem Kachumpap The Fourth Dimension, Heaven unique phrase Munro et al. 1992
Yavapai myā:khtî:la heaven, sky unknown compound Shaterian 1983
Kiliwa t-kw+hiiy-p=ny+mat hell (lit. devil land) unknown compound Mixco 1985
Seri (Comcaac) hant quih quicópol infierno, hell (lit. dark land) unknown phrase hant earth/land Moser & Marlett 2005
Ninam yãn-paluk (heaven) yãn-paluk (heaven) missing See Language page
Cubeo apetucubʉ apɛtukubʉ unknown Other complex ape 'other' + Classifier -tukubɨ See Language page
Dâw kasam nĩ rôót kaʃam nĩ hǒt missing See Language page
Makushi kaʔ kaʔ heaven unknown See Language page
Eñepa arewae arewae unknown See Language page
Yir-Yoront yuw+kuw 'far to the west', only in pam-yuw+kuw yaw '(persons who have) gone far to the west' unknown
Yan-nhangu Badu unique
Gumatj burralku doubtful inheritance
Dhangu burralku doubtful inheritance
Ritharrngu dhawal missing
Gupapuyngu dhawal missing
Dhuwal dhawal missing
Bardi luman unique
Karajarri ŋu:rra semantic shift
Mangala ŋūrra semantic shift
Djapu dhawal missing
Achagua munínetaa munínetaa See Language page
Cha'palaa ['selu] From Span. 'cielo', also means 'sky'. See Language page
Epena a'kʰõre 'euhã; ɨ'tʰari Respectively: lit. 'father's land'; 'up.high'. See Language page
Pumé ãde 'heaven' See Language page
Katukina nai šaβa Lit. 'sky world/place' 01.510; 01.100. See Language page
Pacahuara piyem Same as 'sky' 01.510. See Language page
Yaminahua ãde See Language page
Chácobo nai-pa (listed under "heaven") nai-pa (listed under "heaven") See Language page
Yagua dijyo dixjo See Language page
Wayampi nai mɨ̃ra ('sky-inside') nai mɨ̃ra ('sky-inside') See Language page
Aché Apã waču čupape See Language page
Chiriguano ara See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní ɨ'vaɣa Also means 'sky' 01.510. See Language page
Sirionó boepa (also 'sky') boepa (also 'sky') See Language page
Araona baepa See Language page
Ese Ejja eya See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo eya eya See Language page
Tacana pigem Also means 'sky' 01.510. See Language page
Cavineña bare-pa (G71) bare-pa (G71) See Language page
Central Aymara alaχpača See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané ma'yedʸeʔ ~ maye'dʸeʔ Also means 'sky' 01.510. See Language page
Movima ɓen̉-ra (also 'sky') See Language page
Trumai ahātea ahātea See Language page
Kaingang kaɲkã See Language page
Chipaya araxpača See Language page
Mocoví pigim See Language page
Pilagá Inyapoŋ nitiŋ apnakha See Language page
Toba anumo See Language page
Lengua netin Also means 'sky' 01.510; 'up' 12.080. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité [Tyos] apkaokɬaʔ See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet nai See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay pe'leʔ Also means 'sky' 01.510. See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja poleʔ Also means 'sky' 01.510. See Language page
Nivaclé wɔʔs See Language page
Ayoreo gaa'tee-i; gaa'tee-odeʔ Respectively: 12.080, 01.510, 12.470; plural form. Also gaa'tan̥o-keei; and 'gee-ode 'ueečaai, means 'the other side of the clouds'. See Language page
Mapudungun wenu mapu Ranquel form is wenu. See Language page
Kariña kapu kapu heaven Yamada 2010:747