Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

afterworld, land of dead, Heaven

Semantic Field
culture-mythology
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
tierra do los muertos
Meaning Portuguese
terra dos mortos

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source Created By
Cahuilla telmekiš place where dead people live, hell inheritance *tyL-mukki Cupan Stubbs 2113 other complex derivation is only accessible etymologically Seiler & Hioki 1979:207 Jane Hill
Cupeño telmekish land of the spirits, underworld, "Hell" inheritance *tyL-mukki Cupan Stubbs 2113 other complex Hill & Nolasquez 1973 Jane Hill
Luiseño tolmul hell', underworld inheritance *tyL-mukki Cupan Stubbs 2113 other complex Elliott 1999 Jane Hill
Gabrielino to-koop-nah-ar'-ro $i:$ovet infierno H 520 final abode, place above unique this is from sky word other complex Jane Hill
Serrano to-e'-pe-at tyīpiat final abode, 'all get there' inheritance *tywi- Takic Stubbs 1799 with -piat, what's that other complex K. Hill Dict., Merriam confirms Jane Hill
Kitanemuk tüypea ü is barred I, y is [j] land of the dead, hell unknown Serran only simplex Anderton 1988 Jane Hill
Tübatulabal Āpōnōlīmak Land of the Dead unique other complex K. Hill Tb>Eng Jane Hill
Bankalachi Toloim missing missing Jane Hill
Kawaiisu missing missing Jane Hill
Chemehuevi missing missing Jane Hill
Southern Paiute missing missing Jane Hill
Southern Ute na7ay-ty-paa-ty Hell, 'through fire' unique surely new, based on Christian hell derived, other complex Givon Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone missing missing Jane Hill
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone missing missing Jane Hill
Comanche missing missing Jane Hill
Western Mono missing missing Jane Hill
Northern Paiute missing missing Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok wale:ti-tHo- hell unknown see wali in other lgs; probably Pmi *wal:i- 'world' other complex nt Broadbent 1964 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok missing missing Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok kuci7:aci7 wal:i7 the Good Place, heaven unique is the wal:i7 related to the SSM 'hell' word??? phrase Callaghan 1987 Jane Hill
Plains Miwok missing missing Jane Hill
Lake Miwok wejáawali hell, lower world unique again, we have wali here, what is? Also Pmiw *weja 'world' phrase wéja- 'base, bottom, lower' Callaghan 1965 Jane Hill
Maidu missing missing Jane Hill
Nisenan missing missing Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawelmani missing missing Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi tibiknitc world of the dead unknown derived Kroeber 1907 Jane Hill
Yokuts Palewyami missing missing Jane Hill
Washo dewYúli 7itnáwaya in ghost country, the land of the dead unknown dewyúli 7itdé7 dead people's country phrase Washo Project Dictionary Jane Hill
Wintu nor-Lu:t-to:nin in heaven, "that south sweathouse" unknown compound south-sweathouse Pitkin 1985 Jane Hill
Yuki missing missing Jane Hill
Wappo missing missing Jane Hill
Mutsun hurčaşYmin-tak hell-to unknown derived, phrase Okrand 1977 Jane Hill
Esselen missing missing Jane Hill
Salinan A Tuxtine hells unknown Proto-Salinan only plural given other complex T- is prefix Mason 1918 Jane Hill
Salinan M Tuxtine hells unknown Proto-Salinan only plural given other complex Mason 1918 Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno timisputspu infierno (lit. abajo de la tierra) compound Harrington Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno missing missing Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno hemišup floor, hell unknown compound shup 'world' Beeler 1978 Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno missing missing Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa missing missing Jane Hill
Cocopa màTkWşapú the land of the dead unique compound maT 'land', şapú ;one who is dead, deceased relative' Crawford 1989 Jane Hill
Mojave 7Amat Chamem Kachumpap The Fourth Dimension, Heaven unique phrase Munro et al. 1992 Jane Hill
Yavapai myā:khtî:la heaven, sky unknown compound Shaterian 1983 Jane Hill
Kiliwa t-kw+hiiy-p=ny+mat hell (lit. devil land) unknown compound Mixco 1985 Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) hant quih quicópol infierno, hell (lit. dark land) unknown phrase hant earth/land Moser & Marlett 2005 Jane Hill
Ninam yãn-paluk (heaven) yãn-paluk (heaven) missing See Language page Kelsey Neely
Cubeo apetucubʉ apɛtukubʉ unknown Other complex ape 'other' + Classifier -tukubɨ See Language page Tanja Baeuerlein; Alyssa Wadley
Dâw kasam nĩ rôót kaʃam nĩ hǒt missing See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Makushi kaʔ kaʔ heaven unknown See Language page Melody Ann Ross; Alyssa Wadley
Eñepa arewae arewae unknown See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin; Alyssa Wadley
Yir-Yoront yuw+kuw 'far to the west', only in pam-yuw+kuw yaw '(persons who have) gone far to the west' unknown Barry Alpher
Yan-nhangu Badu unique Claire Bowern
Gumatj burralku doubtful inheritance Claire Bowern
Dhangu burralku doubtful inheritance Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu dhawal missing Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu dhawal missing Claire Bowern
Dhuwal dhawal missing Claire Bowern
Bardi luman unique Claire Bowern
Karajarri ŋu:rra semantic shift Claire Bowern
Mangala ŋūrra semantic shift Claire Bowern
Djapu dhawal missing Claire Bowern
Achagua munínetaa munínetaa See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Cha'palaa ['selu] From Span. 'cielo', also means 'sky'. See Language page PLE
Epena a'kʰõre 'euhã; ɨ'tʰari Respectively: lit. 'father's land'; 'up.high'. See Language page PLE
Pumé ãde 'heaven' See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Katukina nai šaβa Lit. 'sky world/place' 01.510; 01.100. See Language page PLE
Pacahuara piyem Same as 'sky' 01.510. See Language page PLE
Yaminahua ãde See Language page PLE
Chácobo nai-pa (listed under "heaven") nai-pa (listed under "heaven") See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua dijyo dixjo See Language page Daniel Valle
Wayampi nai mɨ̃ra ('sky-inside') nai mɨ̃ra ('sky-inside') See Language page PLE
Aché Apã waču čupape See Language page PLE
Chiriguano ara See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní ɨ'vaɣa Also means 'sky' 01.510. See Language page PLE
Sirionó boepa (also 'sky') boepa (also 'sky') See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Araona baepa See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja eya See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo eya eya See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana pigem Also means 'sky' 01.510. See Language page PLE
Cavineña bare-pa (G71) bare-pa (G71) See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara alaχpača See Language page PLE
Mosetén-Chimané ma'yedʸeʔ ~ maye'dʸeʔ Also means 'sky' 01.510. See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE
Movima ɓen̉-ra (also 'sky') See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai ahātea ahātea See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang kaɲkã See Language page PLE
Chipaya araxpača See Language page PLE
Mocoví pigim See Language page PLE
Pilagá Inyapoŋ nitiŋ apnakha See Language page PLE
Toba anumo See Language page PLE
Lengua netin Also means 'sky' 01.510; 'up' 12.080. See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité [Tyos] apkaokɬaʔ See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet nai See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay pe'leʔ Also means 'sky' 01.510. See Language page PLE
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja poleʔ Also means 'sky' 01.510. See Language page PLE
Nivaclé wɔʔs See Language page PLE
Ayoreo gaa'tee-i; gaa'tee-odeʔ Respectively: 12.080, 01.510, 12.470; plural form. Also gaa'tan̥o-keei; and 'gee-ode 'ueečaai, means 'the other side of the clouds'. See Language page PLE
Mapudungun wenu mapu Ranquel form is wenu. See Language page PLE
Kariña kapu kapu heaven Yamada 2010:747 Camille Unger