Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

bite

Semantic Field
body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
morder
Meaning Portuguese
morder

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone ky-cci7ah “ to bite something hard” inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla -ke'- inheritance S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok jy/l:a- inheritance Jane Hill
Chemehuevi ky7(i) inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno 7uw inheritance Ono 1996:26 Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno s-aq-7uw-sh-it “it itches, it bites” A 464 unique A 464 Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno qsilhi inheritance JPH Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno 7aqsiL inheritance JPH Jane Hill
Cocopa Sa:, Saw, Sa:w unknown Jane Hill
Comanche kyhka7ary (etc.) inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño qe'-0 [qeɁ] inheritance Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa chuukuw [tʃuˑ˅ˈkʊu], [wəˈʃaˑ]] inheritance Jane Hill
Kawaiisu ky-tymogi “to gnaw” unknown Jane Hill
Kiliwa cha7 31 inheritance Jane Hill
Kitanemuk ky7 inheritance Jane Hill
Lake Miwok ma/Ta unknown Jane Hill
Luiseño ko7i- inheritance Jane Hill
Maidu do/ inheritance Jane Hill
Mojave chakyoo= inheritance Jane Hill
Mutsun 7ichchin “bit” inheritance O77:145 Jane Hill
Nisenan do:, inheritance Jane Hill
Northern Paiute -kyi SAA 82 64 inheritance SAA 1982:64 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok jyl:y- inheritance Jane Hill
Plains Miwok 72:s2- inheritance Jane Hill
Salinan A *(k)itpetmak (S) “bite, chew”; unknown Jane Hill
Salinan M missing missing Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) ccat “bite off large piece, like shark” unknown Jane Hill
Serrano kY:7 inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Paiute qy7y- inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok jyl:-, jytm- inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Ute ky7i inheritance Jane Hill
Tübatulabal kyy-yt inheritance Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone kyttsi7ah, inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo na7k'a/shi7 unknown Jane Hill
Washo gi/:t'i7 unknown J460 Jane Hill
Western Mono ky/jy/- inheritance Jane Hill
Wintu ba: inheritance Jane Hill
Yavapai chkYo/, chkWo/ Y is superscript y inheritance Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi 7ajij inheritance K07:246, G64 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne 7asas inheritance G1964 Jane Hill
Yuki sha,sh- inheritance S&S1984 Jane Hill
Yuma cakye/w H4:22 inheritance Jane Hill
Baniwa mhoa mhoa unique; inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Carijona esekarɨ inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo abayʉ; cũñʉ abajɨ; cĩjɨ unique; inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw kâs kǝʃ inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano cũrĩ-ri kĩɾĩ-ɾi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa -ɨnə-n (IDS) -ɨnə-n (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï mjyerine unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani pokæ̃ unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup g’ǝç- g’ǝç- inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua ʧǎ̃k inheritance See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi yeʔka (IDS) yeʔka (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Nheengatu çuu (with variant çu'u) suu (with variant su'u) inheritance See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Ninam wɨtɨ (EM72) wɨtɨ inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Nukak tʃããk2 inheritance See Language page Lauren Franklin
Maihiki cuiyi kũĩji inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon eka, kurunka, pitika (A1981); e'ka (M2000) eka, kuɾunka, pitika (A1981) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Sanumá wɨtɨ (EM72) wɨtɨ inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani sí:ne inheritance Sik-Cuiva-Playero group See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tariana whã wʰã unique; inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tukano kũʔrí kũʔrí inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria baka; ~kho'o baʰka; kʰõʔṍ inheritance E-W Tuk See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam wɨtɨ wɨtɨ inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami wëtɨ-aɨ wətɨ-aɨ inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna ajma'akaje ahmaʔakahe unique; inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yuhup k'ǝc k'ǝc inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Arabana purrtha- unique Claire Bowern
Bardi -bundarra- ~ -ondarra- -bundarra- ~ -ondarra- inheritance Claire Bowern
Bunuba nganja- unknown Claire Bowern
Burarra baya doubtful loan Pama-Nyungan Claire Bowern
Dhangu rathan unknown Claire Bowern
Dhuwal 824 inheritance Claire Bowern
Dhuwala ḻäwum(a) inheritance Claire Bowern
Diyari matha_x001E_ inheritance Claire Bowern
DiyariREU matanta inheritance Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu ḏarrk Claire Bowern
Djapu ḏarrk inheritance Claire Bowern
Djinang ḏirradjigi unknown Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng boo unique Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi wirt- doubtful loan Claire Bowern
Gunin gEndurr (C&C) gEndurr (C&C) loan Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu 2942 inheritance Claire Bowern
Gurindji paya- inheritance Claire Bowern
Jabirr-Jabirr inar XXngl he bit it inar inheritance Claire Bowern
Jaru baya- inheritance Claire Bowern
Jawi innamundarra innamundarra inheritance Claire Bowern
Karajarri 4075 inheritance Claire Bowern
Kija wert inheritance Claire Bowern
Malyangapa thatja- inheritance Claire Bowern
Mangala paca inheritance Claire Bowern
Miriwung jang inheritance Claire Bowern
Mithaka mataRi inheritance Claire Bowern
Mudburra bi- Claire Bowern
Mudburra bi- inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngamini matha_x001E_ inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngandi ba inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngarluma bilya unique Claire Bowern
Ngumbarl moor, moonboongai <moor, moonboongai> unknown Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi matha inheritance Claire Bowern
Nimanburru -bundarra- [ma-bondaren] -bundarra- [ma-bondaren] inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla paca Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta pajini- (V2) inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta pajinaku inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyikina warrb warrb inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul magetan makedan inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi dhaja_x001E_ semantic shift Claire Bowern
Pirriya paca:_x001E_ inheritance Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta paca inheritance Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu rathan unknown Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu 824 inheritance Claire Bowern
Unggumi bada, parda bada, parda doubtful loan Claire Bowern
Walmajarri paja- inheritance Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru paja- inheritance Claire Bowern
Warrwa -mungga- -mungka- inheritance Claire Bowern
Worrorra kardurr, -aningga- (C&C) kardurr, -aningga- (C&C) loan Claire Bowern
Wubuy wa inheritance Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu dharrkthun inheritance Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha matha inheritance Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi matha_x001E_ inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka matha_x001E_ inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawuru -burnda-; -burna- XXgl bite, attack, tease, taste -burnda-; -burna- XXkl bide, addack, dease, dasde inheritance Claire Bowern
Achagua já:amua já:amua unique; inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco ichicúadaca, imasáaca, nuamíadaca, yaamíaca, yúucaca itʃikúadaka, imasáaka, nuamíadaka, jaamíaka, júukaka See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari amhe (Ramirez, 2001) amhe (Ramirez, 2001) See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero tata tata See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Bare kaɻuka kaɻuka See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wapishana arutʰa-n arutʰa-n unique See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu o-hot-ta-a (~ a-hoľu-ta-a) See Language page PLE
Yine haškaka; -ta See Language page PLE Also hapšeka, to bite into; hastaka, to bite off.
Paresi tyaloka 'bite, hold' tyaloka 'bite, hold' inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano -nihuraka; -nika See Language page PLE
Trinitario -niko; -nikririko See Language page PLE Cf. 'burn' 01.851. A snake bite is -nistuko, verbal form.
Baure komorok- komorok- unique See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá taluka taluka inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Arutani psa, pasa See Language page John Blaha
Sape pu See Language page John Blaha
Cha'palaa 'hai-nu; 'Φi-nu See Language page PLE Also 'teh'ku-či 'Φi-nu; 'teh'ku-či 'hai-nu.*South Barbacoan form is *hali-.
Bora ɨʔto, tɨkḯxkʰo, tɨ́čeʔxḯkʰï ɨʔto, tɨkɯ́xkʰo, tɨ́čɛʔxɯ́kʰɯ inheritance; unknown See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane éédu-ʔi έέdu-ʔi See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Apalai emuhkãko emuhkãko inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Wayana ë ǝ inheritance See Language page PLE
Tiriyó eeka eeka inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Makiritare ēkādɨ (IDS) ēkādɨ (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Mapoyo -yeeka (-yeka) -jeeka (-jeka) See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Wai Wai eska-kɨ eska-kɨ inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Waimiri Atroari -iika- -iika- See Language page Melody Ann Ross, PLE
Yabarana wɜɾɜ tçi'kaɾi, 'ɜhnɜ tçi'kaɾi, 'ehnaʝa tçi'kaɾi (I bite) See Language page Ana Paula B., John Blaha
Yukpa ja´skapo, jejeka, naksa, ocheska´t, osiskata, sakte, seseka, sesika, soko, tesika, tisaí, yeska, yeskapmak See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Kalapalo fife; itsi- fife; itsi- unique See Language page Joyce McCormick
Muisca zemonsuca tʂemonsuka See Language page Daniel Valle
Barí baḳosõõ See Language page PLE Colombia: koonə.
Northern Emberá kái kái See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena kʰaa- See Language page PLE
Guayabero líkal inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Macaguan nikát inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cuiva síne morder, bite Huber & Reed 1992:276 Rebecca Khorram
Playero síni See Language page Rebecca Khorram
Cofán tsaiye tsaije See Language page Daniel Valle phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra kapóxomaama kapóhomaama unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Taushiro a'jo aʔxo See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez aguaqui aguaki See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna ŋõku ŋõku unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina kala kala unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa xaxantsána xaxantsána See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Andoke #NAME? -ʝuú unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé juipá See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave [-sak] sak unknown see Kakua-Nukak See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Máku bü See Language page PLE
Ashuar esáitin, sákratin, esákratin ɨsatin, sakatin, ɨsakratin See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa esaittsa ɨsaittsa See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna esát ɨsat inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect gǝʃ, gǝ:j inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect gǝʃ, gǝ:j See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses pe pe unknown See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo βɨ'tan-ti; na'tɨṣ̌- See Language page PLE na'tɨṣ̌-ti 'to bite, pinch'. *Panoan *natɨṣ̌[a]-.
Katukina nača- See Language page PLE
Shipibo-Konibo natɨṣ̌-ti See Language page PLE
Yaminahua kɨyo-kĩ See Language page PLE
Chácobo tɨṣ̌a- tɨṣ̌a- inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua sado sado unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua canina kanina See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá kanii kanii See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua canina kanina See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano kachuy katʃuj See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa ñi'éhuh ñiɁéhuh inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva ñiajaha ɲiahaʔa inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Bará ba'ká See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano kũdĩ́- kũdĩ́- See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana 'báka- 'báka- See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna cũni-re; idi-re (insects) kũni-ɾe; idi-ɾe inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yuruti 'báka- 'báka- See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana baʔ'ke- baʔ'ke- See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano kũʔ'rĩ́- kũʔ'rĩ́- See Language page Ana Paula, Kelsey Neely
Tanimuca ku'ku ri'ka ku'ku ri'ka inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo báke- báke- See Language page Emily Buell, Paulina Franco
Tuyuka ba'ká ba'ká See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja bákʰá bákʰá See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje kũ'imʉ kũʔimʉ inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona të'caji, cu'inji tɨʔkahi, kuʔinhi inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya coquëjë'ë kõ'kɨhɨ̃ʔɨ̃ See Language page Amanda N
Karitiana okot okot unknown See Language page Daniel Valle
Kokama caruta; aya (~ from mosquito/snake) karuta; aja unique See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi -suʔu -suʔu inheritance See Language page PLE
Aché čuʔu inheritance See Language page PLE
Chiriguano (ai)čuu; suu inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní suʔu See Language page PLE
Sirionó ši̯u ši̯u inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá uˀu uˀu inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina aanun ããɯ̃ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Nɨpode Witoto aïní-de aɯní-dɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto aïní-de aɯní-dɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto aïni-de aɯni-dɛ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito sɨɨni sɨɨni inheritance See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Záparo tsainyu tsainju See Language page Becky Walker
Wari kio kio See Language page PLE 'Bite' [suck], e.g. a mosquito: šok.
Araona lao; c̷oi See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja šowika- inheritance See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo šoi-kwe; s̆owi-ka- (Girard 1971); ixia- (Girard 1971) šoi-kwe; s̆owi-ka-; ixia- See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana c̷oi- See Language page PLE
Cavineña karo-ya karo-ya unique See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara achoqaña ačuḳa-ɲa See Language page PLE
Cayuvava tapa; kãhã-ri See Language page PLE Also 'kãkãhã ~ kãkaha.
Itonama i-dohne See Language page PLE
Kwazá hadai-, kahɛ- hadai-, kahɛ- See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané ka'rau'heʔ See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE
Movima lam̉-na lam̉-na See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai (ha) make; tako-n (haits) (ha) make; tako-n (haits) unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang para, kypra pra; kɨpra See Language page PLE
Suyá kũta kũta See Language page Rebekah Evans
Karajá rua; urua See Language page PLE
Djeoromitxi wekä wekǝ See Language page PLE
Chipaya tʰup-; č̣ˀat-š See Language page PLE Respectively: bite with front teeth (to cut); bite of an animal. Uru-J form is tʰup-.
Mocoví y-aʔk-aa-ɲi See Language page PLE Lit. '3p actor-bite-aspect-down'.
Pilagá 'y-ito See Language page PLE Lit. '3pa-bite'.
Toba i-nak See Language page PLE
Lengua #NAME? See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité aptakɬima; aktakɬima See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet nentakɬama; neŋeleŋwayˀ See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay yu'kʷah See Language page PLE
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja oka See Language page PLE
Maca #NAME? See Language page PLE
Nivaclé -xuʔx bite https://ids.clld.org/ PLE
Ayoreo i'gaaseʔ See Language page PLE
Mapudungun ɣɨnatu See Language page PLE Ranquel form is ɨnato- ~ ɨnatɨ-.
Qawasqar c̷aḳˀawes See Language page PLE Also kc̷erafna, which also means 'sting'. Gus records yetas, cf. North yetaxaf, 'to eat well'. Fi, Hy records ekanes for South QWS.
Selknam so See Language page PLE
Tehuelche 'šō- See Language page PLE
Kanamarí kuhni kɯhni morder Magalhães 2018:370 Maria Castillo
Lokono rydyn ɾɨdɨn bite Pet 1987:351 Camille Unger
Kariña eka eka bite Yamada 2010:726 Camille Unger