Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

thick

Semantic Field
quality
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
grueso, gordo, espeso
Meaning Portuguese
grosso

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone pohonan, pohanan inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla chiki-ma unique S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok lew:i- inheritance Jane Hill
Chemehuevi tunku/ka V inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno astipil inheritance Wash 2001:67 Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno astipil “to be thick” inheritance A 259 Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno ch-ashtipil (of blanket, etc., not liquid) unknown JPH Jane Hill
Cocopa Smuck, shmuck (like boar), kwi:sh (like gravy) unknown Jane Hill
Comanche pohotatY unknown Jane Hill
Cupeño tewxi-sh [tɨwxɪʃ] inheritance Jane Hill
Gabrielino po-re/-hah /pori/xa/ “thick by measure” unknown CHM/MC 252 Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa menuttk [məˈn̯ʊtk] unknown Jane Hill
Kawaiisu mucu-gwi- unknown Jane Hill
Kitanemuk typuck (board) inheritance Jane Hill
Lake Miwok t'u/dduju loan Jane Hill
Luiseño tupu/tpu-sh, tupu/tpi-sh inheritance Elliott Jane Hill
Maidu ko/wwil (solid) unknown Jane Hill
Mojave imaat=, imtes= unknown Jane Hill
Mutsun tumru “be thick” unknown NW (JPH) Jane Hill
Nisenan di:l (of liquid) unknown Jane Hill
Northern Paiute wogo7 (of cloth, canvas) inheritance Thornes 03:520 Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok me7:it-y- inheritance Jane Hill
Plains Miwok l2w:2s inheritance Jane Hill
Salinan A kEshmU/TH unknown Turner 1980:85 Jane Hill
Salinan M missing missing Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) quipcO unknown Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok lew:ap- inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Ute ak'otY, ak'oi (be thick) unique Jane Hill
Tübatulabal puhm7puhm-at unknown Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone tuhuntappytyn inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo liy'e (like wood) unknown Jane Hill
Washo da7lo/ngzing 108 unknown J108 Jane Hill
Western Mono wogo/-tU inheritance Jane Hill
Wintu cutup (of solids) unknown Jane Hill
Yavapai ti:nyi ny is IPA symbol unknown Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi t'Ung-Uk U w/ umlaut inheritance K07:236 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne tintiniT' inheritance Golla 1964:65 Jane Hill
Yuki Tu:T unknown S&S 1984 Jane Hill
Baniwa hipánda, maka- hipánda, maka- inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Carijona tɨkɨme inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo jiacʉco (f.), jiacʉcʉ (m.); ʉraco (f.), ʉracʉ (m.); cainitʉcabo; edurõ; tʉcabo; ʉrajipocʉ; ʉrarõ; dacabo xiakɨko (f.), xiakɨkɨ (m.); ɨɾako (f.), ɨɾakɨ (m.); kainitɨkabo; eduɾõ; tɨkabo; ɨɾaxipokɨ; ɨɾaɾõ; dakabo unique See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw pês peʃ  unique See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano wʉarí wɨaɾí unique See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa asɨɨ-pe (IDS) asɨɨ-pe (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï bahtu unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani yæ̃dæ̃ unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup g’ə́ʔ g’ə́ʔ inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua wɨp- [be.thick]; min [H&R] unknown; inheritance See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi ereʔsin (IDS) ereʔsin (IDS) unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Nheengatu kawa kawa unique See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Ninam thɨra (EM72) tʰɨɾa unique See Language page Kelsey Neely
Nukak min4 inheritance See Language page Lauren Franklin
Maihiki dɨi-hɨ̃ dɨi-hɨ̃ inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon kaiwan, kasetipan (A1981); pukan (M2000) kaiwan, kasetipan (A1981) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Resígaro jíjaagí jíjaagí unique See Language page Ana Paula B.
Sanumá tsupe (EM72) tsupe inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani aitayaü (3), itayaü (1) áitayaɨ, á-ita-jaɨ (áitati 'tupido' 'dense, close together') inheritance See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tariana maléda, phanída maléda, pʰanída inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tukano ɨ̃se bɨtí ɨ̃se bɨtí inheritance E Tuk See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria sẽ bʉtira; pjacʉ pjiriro, pjacʉ pjiricoro (f.) (esp. For a person's body) (all Waltz) sẽ bʉtiɾa; pjakʉ pjiɾiɾo, pjakʉ pjiɾikoɾo (f.) (all Waltz) unique See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam šuɨ, šuwə ʃuɨ, ʃuwə inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami pata prewë pata pɾewə unique See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna ñópo'ojlo ɲópoʔohlo unique See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yuhup k'ǝ̌Ɂ k'ǝ̌Ɂ inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Arabana tjurkukarla unique Claire Bowern
Bardi boordiji unknown Claire Bowern
Bunuba [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Burarra -bimbelambila Claire Bowern
Dhangu ŋutu(') inheritance Claire Bowern
Dhuwal [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Dhuwala ŋutu(') unknown Claire Bowern
Diyari panta loan direction unknown Claire Bowern
DiyariREU [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djapu [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Djinang ḻambirringi Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng X missing Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu ŋutu(') inheritance Claire Bowern
Gurindji junyju inheritance Claire Bowern
Jaru [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Karajarri walpurra Claire Bowern
Kija X missing Claire Bowern
Malyangapa [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Mangala walpura Claire Bowern
Miriwung doodboong unknown Claire Bowern
Mithaka [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Mudburra [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Mudburra [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Ngamini wondra unique Claire Bowern
Ngandi ngutngut loan Claire Bowern
Ngarluma ngungkumarnda unique Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta walpurra Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta winya Claire Bowern
Paakantyi ḏundju unique Claire Bowern
Pirriya [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta tharrha(wa) unique Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu dhaŋaŋ Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu ngutu' inheritance Claire Bowern
Walmajarri kakurrkakurr inheritance Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru muntu unique Claire Bowern
Wubuy agalhargalharg inheritance? Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu dhaŋaŋ Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha marru inheritance Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi [missing] missing Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka madri inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawuru ngut ngud unique Claire Bowern
Achagua manuáhuí, banítái manuáhuí, banítái inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco cáucuìri, ibaniéri, ibaníiri káukuìri, ibaniéri, ibaníiri See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari matakaka matakaka See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero ajtúmina(ji), íjluwali(ji) ahtúmina(hi), íhluwali(hi) See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Wapishana tuɽumaɽu tuɽumaɽu unique See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu ľaɨta See Language page PLE
Ignaciano ičapepi; ti'mitutu See Language page PLE
Trinitario ʔčope See Language page PLE
Baure šo'po- ʃo'po- inheritance See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá ic̷aku i¢aku unknown See Language page Joyce McCormick
Cha'palaa 'bebe; 'aa-'bebe See Language page PLE *South Barbacoan form is *beNbe.
Bora pʰɨɨ́mɨ pʰɨɨ́mɨ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane ɸééme-ne ɸέέmɛ-nɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio iibuunek i'bunɛk inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect kasi kasi See Language page Lauren Franklin
Apalai topuxixime topuxixime inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Wayana atpë atpǝ inheritance See Language page PLE
Makiritare hūšīheɨ (IDS) hūšīheɨ (IDS) unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Wai Wai yahčo-me yahčo-me unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Waimiri Atroari maiwu, maiy maiwu, maiɨ See Language page Melody Ann Ross, PLE
Yabarana piç'ʝemɜ (possibly morphologically complex? Compare with "thin") See Language page Ana Paula B., John Blaha
Yukpa tana See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Muisca achimy gue aʂimɨ γe See Language page Daniel Valle
Barí aabi See Language page PLE Colombia: ʔokobəšininə.
Northern Emberá ba-adhá (grueso/fat, stout) ba-adhá See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena pa'daa See Language page PLE A fat person/animal is po'ree.
Guayabero dáˀ-nik unique See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Macaguan íti inheritance Central+Macaguan subgroup See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cuiva pín-wa, á-itijɨ grueso, thick Huber & Reed 1992:334 Rebecca Khorram
Playero ita-jɨ́ See Language page Rebecca Khorram
Cofán tombu'tssi, tombu'choa tombɯʔtshi, tombɯʔtʃoa See Language page Daniel Valle phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra yapĩpĩ japĩpĩ unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez fize fize See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna na2ta2me2na5xa5 (A58) natamenaʔa unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina mʉlʉʉtoa mʉlʉʉtoa unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa xoʃá xoʃá See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Andoke -bə'ɒ́ (to be thick) -bəʔɒ́ (to be thick) unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé bũĩdȩ See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave [-dɨn] dɨn unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Ashuar kúta kuta See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa kanteku kantɨku See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna bikámkatu bikamkatu inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect i-ba:n doubtful loan From Arawak: Achagua, Piapoco See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses nua nua unknown See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo kɨṣ̌'to See Language page PLE *Panoan *kɨṣ̌to[CV] 'thick, coarse'.
Katukina kɨβi- See Language page PLE
Shipibo-Konibo kɨṣ̌to See Language page PLE
Yaminahua nami; nami ṣ̌ini See Language page PLE First ex. also means 'meat'.
Chácobo oti oti unique See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua vatunu- (adj. mod.); jamu- (adj. mod.) vatunu; xa:mu unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua sangu sangu See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá sangu sangu See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua sangu angu See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano pipu pipu See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa baréhpa' baréhpaɁ inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva wihbe wiʔbe inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Bará ɨhé-be'ti See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano tɨ́bi- tɨ́bi- See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana ése-bɨ́tí- ése-bɨ́tí- See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna to be thick: jair-ise (seems similar to jai-re 'to grow'); webʉti-rise xai-rise; webɨti-ɾise unknown See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yuruti ɨ'sẽ́bɨti- ɨ'sẽ́bɨti- See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana sẽ bɨ'ti-ri sẽ bɨ'ti-ri See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano sĩ́-bɨrɨ- sĩ́-bɨrɨ- See Language page Ana Paula, Kelsey Neely
Tanimuca rĩʔ'kĩã rĩʔ'kĩã unique See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo ká'-tɨbɨ-ro ká'-tɨbɨ-ro See Language page Emily Buell, Paulina Franco
Tuyuka ese-be'tí ese-be'tí See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja ɨ'hé-biti ɨ'hé-biti See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje tʉ'ʉñe tʉ̃ʔʉɲe inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona dɨi-hi dɨi-hi inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya duihi duihi See Language page Amanda N
Karitiana paneto, patyrat paneto, patɨɾat unknown See Language page Daniel Valle
Wayampi anã anã inheritance See Language page PLE
Aché kɨra unique See Language page PLE
Chiriguano po'wasu unknown See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní poɣʷasu; anaᵐbusu See Language page PLE
Sirionó ɲãnã ɲãnã inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá iˀɨwau (M2000) iˀɨwau (M2000) unknown See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina hïtʲááxo hɯtʲááxo inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Nɨpode Witoto hédakï.e-de hέdakɯ.ɛ-dɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto hédakï.e-de hέdakɯ.ɛ-dɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto jedacɨede hɛdakɯɛdɛ (B83) inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Záparo k+raka kɨɾaka See Language page Becky Walker
Wari kwere kwere See Language page PLE
Araona apamotihi See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja -'mo unique See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo kia-see; kea-sei (Girard 1971) kia-see; kea-sei See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana ma(ʔ)aida; pamoda See Language page PLE A thick liquid is -beba-.
Cavineña ari-da ari-da inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara khusu tʰuru See Language page PLE
Cayuvava kuǰuǰu See Language page PLE
Itonama čanasbɨsča; čɨbɨsča See Language page PLE
Mosetén-Chimané ma'bet ~ mba'bet See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE
Movima ɗu-yuʔu ɗu-juʔu See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai ɨrɨra, iie ɨrɨra, iie unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang jãjèv yãyɛw; kãŋnĩ See Language page PLE
Djeoromitxi txitxi tʃitʃi See Language page PLE
Chipaya č̣oḳxa See Language page PLE
Mocoví ḳoyoḳo-či-giɲi See Language page PLE Lit. 'far-direct-down'.
Lengua #NAME? See Language page PLE Lit. 'heavy' 15.810. Also milai 'fat', of persons, animals'.
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité anyintiɬit See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet akyeweyˀ; akyemtaɬnama See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay wehʷ-'čeʔ See Language page PLE Lit. 'large-' 12.550, with -'čeʔ, horizontal directional. Also yo'tah, 'obese'.
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja wuyi See Language page PLE
Maca tapɬi See Language page PLE
Nivaclé ux-kˀe thick (in dimension) https://ids.clld.org/ PLE
Ayoreo daɲoo'ree-i; daɲoo'ree See Language page PLE Also naɲoo'raa-i; naɲoo'ree. 'Thick and round (like a squash or stick)', tutu'tude-i; tutu'tudi; tutu'tude 12.810.
Mapudungun fɨta-rume See Language page PLE Ranquel form is pɨṭ͡ʀɨrume; pɨtarume.
Qawasqar yesa See Language page PLE Also Ag, Em record keya. Sk, Bo record afke; Bo records kstas, cf. 'long' 12.570, for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record ofke for South QWS.
Selknam čè; unker See Language page PLE
Tehuelche e'daw- See Language page PLE
Lokono firon ɸiɾon thick Pet 1987:374 Camille Unger
Kariña typyime tɨpɨime thick Yamada 2010:818 Camille Unger