Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

squash

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
calabaza, calabacines, auyamas, zapallos, huingo (Peru)
Meaning Portuguese
abóbora

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes Created By
Cubeo Cucurbita sp. ho'kó-rɨ ho'kó-rɨ missing Proto-Tukanoan Broader (also means bottle-gourd) uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no plant Amanda Meeks
Dâw Cucurbita sp. limũù limũ̂ loan Tupi-Guarani missing See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no plant Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano Cucurbita sp. ko'áru ko'áru missing East Tukanoan, Branch I Broader (also means bottle-gourd) uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no plant Amanda Meeks
Eñepa Cucurbita sp. kayama; këtëm (MM) kayama; kǝtǝm (MM) inheritance Attested Makushi, Eñepa North Arawak Wapishana: kʰauwiam See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no plant Melody Ann Ross
Guayabero Cucurbita sp. haʔ-t haʔ-t unknown same as 'bottle-gourd' uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no plant Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram, Aimee Lawrence, Amanda Meeks
Hodï Cucurbita sp. jnuñejtu, jkujte (Cucurbita moschata) (Zent 08) unknown cf. jkujte (Cucurbita moschata), jnuñejtu (Zent 08) uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no plant Amanda Meeks
Waorani Cucurbita sp. tapayo loan Quechua (via Spanish?) Zapallos; see also Iquito uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no plant Amanda Meeks
Hup Cucurbita sp. b'ɔʔ-wæ̌d b'ɔʔ-wæ̌d semantic shift cuia/Crescentia-eat' eating gourd' compound gourd-eat See Language page 0 1 0 cultivated women boiled and eaten; little used 0 0 attained through exchange with Tukanoans no plant Pattie Epps
Kakua Cucurbita sp. jujǔ-daɁ unknown missing See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no plant Katherine Bolaños
Macaguan Cucurbita sp. aimút rerbɨ unknown uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no plant Rebecca Khorram, Amanda Meeks
Makushi Cucurbita sp. kaiyuma (SM) kaiyuma (SM) inheritance Attested Makushi, Eñepa North Arawak Wapishana: kʰauwiam See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no plant Melody Ann Ross
Nheengatu Cucurbita sp. jirimũ ʒirimũ inheritance Proto-Tupi-Guarani Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000 underived See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no plant John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Ninam Cucurbita sp. šelimuk ʃelimuk loan Tupi-Guarani uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no plant Kelsey Neely
Pemon Cucurbita sp. kawǝyuma (Pessoa2006) kawǝjuma (Pessoa2006) inheritance See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no plant Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Sikuani Cucurbita sp. derebü (21) derébǘ, dére-bɨː semantic shift from Crescentia? from 'calabash'? uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no plant Amanda Meeks
Tukano Cucurbita sp. wahá-ro wahá-ro missing East Tukanoan Broader (also means bottle-gourd) uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no plant Ana Paula, Amanda Novak, Aimee Lawrence
Kotiria Cucurbita sp. wa'ha-ka wa'ha-ka missing East Tukanoan Also means 'bottle-gourd' in other ET languages uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no plant Amanda Meeks
Wapishana Cucurbita sp. kʰauwiam kʰauwiam loan Carib e.g. Wai wai awayama; Makushi kaiyuma See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no plant Ana Paula B.
Yanomami Cucurbita sp. hishima thotho, horokoto thotho, kõa hesi thotho, orakama thotho hiʃima tʰotʰo, hoɾokoto tʰotʰo, kõa hesi tʰotʰo, oɾakama tʰotʰo semantic shift from Crescentia? also kõa hesi tʰotʰo, oɾakama tʰotʰo; tʰotʰo= CLF "climbing plant/vine" underived N+CLF tʰotʰo= CLF "climbing plant/vine" (Ramirez 94) See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no plant Kelsey Neely
Yukuna Cucurbita sp. yurumá jurumá loan Tupi-Guarani missing See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no plant Ana Paula B., Aimee L., PLE
Yuhup Cucurbita sp. bɔʔ-wǽd bɔʔ-wǽd semantic shift 'eating gourd' compound See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 no plant Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Achagua Cucurbita sp. kúiru kúiru loan, direction unknown Maku kuilu See Language page plant Ana Paula B., Aimee Lawrence, PLE
Piapoco Cucurbita sp. áya ája See Language page plant Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero Cucurbita sp. u'wiyama 'pumpkin, squash' (Carib loan?) u'wijama 'pumpkin, squash' See Language page plant Ana Paula B., PLE
Wayuu Cucurbita sp. amuľu See Language page plant PLE
Yine Cucurbita sp. c̷oľya See Language page plant PLE
Paresi Cucurbita sp. aboala abuala loan Port abobora See Language page plant Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano Cucurbita sp. makure See Language page plant PLE
Trinitario Cucurbita sp. mkure See Language page plant PLE
Baure Cucurbita sp. kopitiek kopitiek unknown See Language page plant Anissa Capuccino
Waurá Cucurbita sp. mɨmɨmɨžu mɨmɨmɨžu unknown See Language page plant Joyce McCormick, PLE
Cha'palaa Cucurbita sp. ʔu See Language page plant PLE
Bora Cucurbita sp. doóto toótʰo loan into protolanguage, direction unknown Candoshi; cognate in Muinane (meaning unclear) See Language page plant Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, Aimee Lawrence, PLE
Wayana Cucurbita sp. asikala asikala unknown See Language page plant PLE
Makiritare Cucurbita sp. weyama (KH) (means 'large gourd or pumpkin') wejama (KH) inheritance See Language page plant Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Mapoyo Cucurbita sp. kaha'ra ('calabaza') kaha'ra See Language page plant Melody Ann Ross
Wai Wai Cucurbita sp. awayama (SM) awayama (SM) inheritance See Language page plant Melody Ann Ross
Waimiri Atroari Cucurbita sp. xiriba (M1992) See Language page plant Melody Ann Ross, PLE
Kalapalo Cucurbita sp. itopui; topu itopui; topu unknown See Language page plant Joyce McCormick
Northern Emberá Cucurbita sp. sa'paya (loan zapallo, IDS) sa'paya (loan zapallo, IDS) See Language page plant Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena Cucurbita sp. [sa'pʰaya] See Language page From Span. PLE
Cofán Cucurbita sp. ccoa, cco'a (loan Tukanoan? 'calabaza, zapallo') khoa, khoʔa See Language page phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS plant Daniel Valle, Aimee Lawrence
Candoshi-Shapra Cucurbita sp. tódó tóntó loan, direction unknown Boran See Language page plant Daniel Valle
Taushiro Cucurbita sp. a´jonti aʔxonti See Language page plant Daniel Valle
Páez Cucurbita sp. apeté apete See Language page plant Daniel Valle
Tikuna Cucurbita sp. cha3pa2yu5 (A58) tʃapaju loan Quechua (via Spanish?) See Language page plant Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Pumé Cucurbita sp. ede See Language page plant Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave Cucurbita sp. uyamá (Sp. loan) ujamá loan Spanish (origin Carib) See Language page plant Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Máku Cucurbita sp. kuílu See Language page plant PLE
Ashuar Cucurbita sp. yúmi júmi See Language page plant Daniel Valle
Huambisa Cucurbita sp. namuk, yuwi namuk, juwi See Language page plant Daniel Valle
Aguaruna Cucurbita sp. yuwí ('zapallo') juwí ('zapallo') inheritance See Language page plant Daniel Valle
Matses Cucurbita sp. sapayu sapaju loan Spanish See Language page plant Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo Cucurbita sp. βa'rã See Language page *Panoan *wara[n/mV]. PLE
Katukina Cucurbita sp. warã See Language page plant PLE
Shipibo-Konibo Cucurbita sp. warã See Language page plant PLE
Yaminahua Cucurbita sp. βãra See Language page plant PLE
Yagua Cucurbita sp. sucay sukãj unknown See Language page plant Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua Cucurbita sp. puru puɾu See Language page plant Daniel Valle
Ingá Cucurbita sp. sapallu See Language page plant Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua Cucurbita sp. puru puɾu See Language page plant Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano Cucurbita sp. sapallu (CP94) sapaʎu See Language page plant Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa Cucurbita sp. wayá'keh wajáɁkeh doubtful loan Carib See Language page plant Paulina Franco, Becky Walker
Sáliva Cucurbita sp. alle aʤe unknown See Language page plant Becky Walker
Makuna Cucurbita sp. coa [?] koa [?] unknown prob. Crescentia See Language page plant Amanda Meeks
Secoya Cucurbita sp. zapayo (Quechua) sapayɔ See Language page plant Amanda Meeks
Karitiana Cucurbita sp. pasi pasi unknown See Language page plant Daniel Valle
Wayampi Cucurbita sp. [asikala] ( from Wayana 'asikala') [asikala] ( from Wajana 'asikala') loan Wayana See Language page plant PLE
Chiriguano Cucurbita sp. gʷiⁿdaka unknown See Language page plant PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní Cucurbita sp. kurapepẽ See Language page plant PLE
Sirionó Cucurbita sp. ibamo ibamo unknown See Language page plant Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Iquito Cucurbita sp. sapáaya (MC: from Sp. zapallo); see also bottle-gourd sapáaja (MC: from Sp. zapallo); see also bottle-gourd loan Quechua (via Spanish?) See Language page plant Cjnthia Hansen
Araona Cucurbita sp. hemi See Language page *Tacn form is *xemi. PLE
Ese Ejja Cucurbita sp. xemi See Language page plant PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo Cucurbita sp. tepe tepe See Language page plant Joyce McCormick
Tacana Cucurbita sp. hemi; ebotoď̶o See Language page plant PLE
Cavineña Cucurbita sp. kemi kemi See Language page plant Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara Cucurbita sp. lakayuti (P04) lakajuti See Language page plant PLE
Itonama Cucurbita sp. nikɨlɨpɨ See Language page plant PLE
Mosetén-Chimané Cucurbita sp. 'sobo ~ 'šobo See Language page plant Joyce McCormick, PLE
Movima Cucurbita sp. sawam-po sawam-po See Language page plant Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai Cucurbita sp. uaruta uaruta See Language page plant Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang Cucurbita sp. peho pɛho; pɛhu See Language page plant PLE
Karajá Cucurbita sp. tɔera See Language page plant PLE
Djeoromitxi Cucurbita sp. bzirima bzirima See Language page plant PLE
Mocoví Cucurbita sp. loʔgilʸi See Language page plant PLE
Pilagá Cucurbita sp. 'taɲi; loli'aʁai See Language page plant PLE
Toba Cucurbita sp. ltaɲi; ʔaadai; lalʸiyaʁai See Language page plant PLE
Lengua Cucurbita sp. yan-siŋheyi; yakteba See Language page plant PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité Cucurbita sp. yaktipa See Language page plant PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet Cucurbita sp. yaʔteepa See Language page plant PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay Cucurbita sp. wuc̷o'tah See Language page Also [ahʷ'ula], from Span. 'angola', a variety of gourd. PLE
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja Cucurbita sp. kiti-tok See Language page plant PLE
Maca Cucurbita sp. lekituk (f.) See Language page Cucurbita maxima. sac̷uk (f.) is 'zapallo caspi'. PLE
Nivaclé Cucurbita sp. kˀasus See Language page plant PLE
Ayoreo Cucurbita sp. pu'ruua See Language page plant PLE
Mapudungun Cucurbita sp. peŋka See Language page From Augusta 1915. PLE
Lokono Cucurbita sp. auyama aujama pumpkin Fanshawe 1949:59 no Camille Unger
Kariña Cucurbita sp. awỳjama awɨɁjama pumpkin, squash, vegetable marrow Courtz 2007:250 no Camille Unger