Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

grass

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
hierba, pasto
Meaning Portuguese
capim, grama

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim (NA) yah'-wit Grass (any) loan Yokuts Yowlumne yah'-wil “grass, any”; Wikchamni/Yawdanchi yah'-wut; same underived C. H. Merriam 72-79, 60-473 0 0 0 0 0 no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone (NA) soni-ppyh grass, hay (M: grass (any) inheritance *sonV Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 1029 (2008:166) same other complex has -pɨ ABS Crapo 1976:138 0 0 0 0 0 no
Cahuilla (NA) sámat ˈsamat brush, herb, grass inheritance *sama/u- Northern Uto-Aztecan S1025a (Stubbs 2009:166 broader (extended to mean herbs in general, and the chaparral community with grass) other complex sama-t -m-exan-7a "inanimate" -m-exan-7a (for inanimates; literally "somehow - doing.thus- possessed.noun") Seiler&Hioki 1979:176 no info 0 0 seeds eaten no info gathered (wild) women seeds ground with other seeds as source of flour for porridges, etc. 0 0 All Americas Diverse habitats no
Central Sierra Miwok (NA) čít:aky- (green, and green tree) green grass/tree inheritance Sierra Miwokan only Also in Miss; from Pmie “green” other complex -y nominalizer Freeland & Broadbent 1960 0 0 0 0 0 no
Chemehuevi (NA) maha Grass inheritance *maha Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 1614 needs to be corrected (2008:234) same underived Merriam 59:545 0 0 0 0 0 no
Chumash Barbareno (NA) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
Chumash Ineseno (NA) cweq grass, herb unique underived Applegate 280 0 0 0 0 0 no
Chumash Obispeno (NA) pšelpše zacate unique reduplicated Harrington III:1:0232 0 0 0 0 0 no
Chumash Ventureno (NA) tašta7aš grass (any) unique reduplicated taš “un tule muy delgado” Merriam 55:61; JPH III:91:0114 0 0 0 0 0 no
Cocopa (NA) şmal grass, hay, shrub, bush inheritance Delta-California Iipay Aa ɂesemay broader (see definition) underived Crawford 1989 0 0 0 0 0 no
Comanche (NA) sonipɨ grass inheritance *sonV Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 1029 (2008:166) same other complex has -pɨ ABS Robinson & Armagost 1990:153 0 0 0 0 0 no
Cupeño (NA) saval saˈval grass unique same (unlike samat, does not include herbs, weeds, as far as I can tell) other complex saˈva-l grass-npn Hill & Nolasquez 1973:171 no info 0 0 seeds no info gathered (wild but closely managed) women seeds parched, mixed with other seeds for mush 0 0 Americas depends on species no
Esselen (NA) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
Gabrielino (NA) mama:har maˈma:har grass, zacate inheritance *maha- Northern Uto-Aztecan S1614 (Stubbs 2009:234), also S. Numic (I'm sure it's elsewhere in Numic etc.) broader; note poku' mama:har “una rama” Harrington 602, puku' ma:har “1 zacate plant” 164 other complex maˈma:ha-r grass-npn (root may have redup) -hi:n classifier for worthwhile possessions Harrington 602, 164 no info 0 0 for seeds no info gathered (wild but closely managed) women seeds parched, mixed with other seeds, some ground 0 0 Americas depends on species no
Iipay 'Aa (NA) ɂesemay grass, reed, hay inheritance Delta-California Note Cocopa şmal ; a loan from NUA *sama/u?? broader (includes “reed” and fodder function) underived Couro & Hutcheson 1973 0 0 0 0 0 no
Kawaiisu (NA) mă-hah'-bah mahabɨ grass inheritance *maha “brush” Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 1614 needs to be corrected (2008:234) broader (includes brush) other complex maha-bɨ grass/brush-ABS bɨ, pɨ bɨ, pɨ seem to classify for plants, trees Merriam 59:387 0 0 0 0 0 no
Kiliwa (NA) t+hip grass, fodder, pasture unique This may be same root as tobacco (?-hip “tobacco, cigarettes” broader (grass and its functions) other complex t-hip ?-hip Mixco 1985 0 0 0 0 0 no
Kitanemuk (NA) hamat ˈhamat grass, etc. (includes “any rama” inheritance *sama/u- Northern Uto-Aztecan S1025a (Stubbs 2009:166; similar Yuman forms need thought broader (grass, weeds,hay, etc) other complex ˈhama-t grass-npn -niw possessive classifier for things Anderton 1988:300 no info 0 Kitanemuk used seeds as offerings in most ceremonies 0 seeds 1 tea from one species for eyes, laxative from another gathered (wild) women seeds parched, mixed with other seeds, eaten in diverse preparations 0 0 N/A N/A no
Lake Miwok (NA) púTa grass unique Note Misn po:ca “grass”, no other Mis resemblants. underived Callaghan 1965 0 0 0 0 0 no
Luiseño (NA) $áamut ʹşa:mut grass, weeds, hay inheritance *sama/u- Northern Uto-Aztecan S1025a (Stubbs 2009:166 broader (includes non-grass weeds and vegetation type: note $am-nga “in the fields”) other complex ʹşa:mu-t grass-non.possessed.noun Elliott 1999:828 no info 0 0 many grass seeds eaten no info gathered (wild but closely managed) women seeds parched and mixed with other seeds for pinole mush 0 0 Americas depends on species no
Maidu (NA) sop'ó grass unique underived Shipley 1963 0 0 0 0 0 no
Mojave (NA) ɂichɂivily grass, green plant, field unique Note Yavapai ɂìwīla broader (really means “herbaceous plant”) underived Munro et al.1992 0 0 0 0 0 no
Mutsun (NA) tcasuni (Merriam hoo'-ne' hay; grass (any) unique other complex morphology unknown Mason 1916: 430; Merriam 55:427 0 0 0 0 0 no
Nisenan (NA) potto tall grass, tule; green brush willow (CHM gives for “grass”, along with po-paw' Merriam 57:253 unique Note Mins po:ca- underived Uldall & Shipley 1966 0 0 0 0 0 no
Northern Paiute (NA) wahabu hay, (M: Grass (any) inheritance Numic Stubbs 1635 same other complex has -pɨ ABS Merriam 61:157 0 0 0 0 0 no
Northern Sierra Miwok (NA) po:ca- grass unique Note Mil puTa- ??, Nisenan potto underived Callaghan 1987 0 0 0 0 0 no
Plains Miwok (NA) cike- grass unique probably from the “green” word but not like other examples underived Callaghan 1984 0 0 0 0 0 no
Salinan A (NA) k'a:T grass, hay unique Salinan underived Turner 1980:75 0 0 0 0 0 no
Salinan M (NA) kat; hay, grass; unique Salinan underived Mason 1918:129 0 0 0 0 0 no
Seri (Comcaac) (NA) conée grass unique same underived Comcaac Dictionary 212 0 0 0 0 0 no
Serrano (NA) ha:mt grass inheritance &sama/u- Northern Uto-Aztecan S1025a (Stubbs 2009:166; similar Yuman forms need thought other complex -t NPN KCHill ms 2001:13 0 0 0 0 0 no
Southern Paiute (NA) ugwivɨ grass inheritance *huk(w)i Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 1027 (2008:167) same other complex has -pɨ ABS Sapir 1930:709 0 0 0 0 0 no
Southern Sierra Miwok (NA) cit:ak- grass inheritance Sierra Miwokan only Also in Mics, related to Pmie “green” underived Broadbent 1964: 0 0 0 0 0 no
Southern Ute (NA) ?ugwí-vŲ grass inheritance *huk(w)i Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 1027 (2008:167) unknown Givon 1979 0 0 0 0 0 no
Tübatulabal (NA) māshil, masshil ma:ˈʃil grass/deer grass (Epicampes rigens), grass, weeds inheritance *maha-si Northern Uto-Aztecan S1033 (Stubbs 2009:167) and see also 1614 broader (includes non-used herbs as well as grass) other complex ma:ˈʃi-l grass-npn Hill 2010:44 no info 0 0 seeds no info gathered (wild but closely managed) women seeds parched, mixed with other seeds, mixed with water as gruel 0 0 N/A N/A no
Tümpisa Shoshone (NA) pohmaa grass, hay, alfalfa, mat, mattress unique from ?poh- *maha “brush” (PNUA, Stubbs 1614 needs amendment) broader (includes grass products) other complex poh-maha ?-brush/grass Dayley 1989:216 0 0 0 0 0 no
Wappo (NA) šíy'e grass, weed (CHM confirms 52:589) unique Looks like Miwokan “green” words underived Sawyer 1965 0 0 0 0 0 no
Washo (NA) mó7c'im grass, hay unique underived WPD 0 0 0 0 0 no
Western Mono (NA) tɨGo'obe grass (generic term) unique same underived tɨ- may be “earth” Bethel et al.:216 no info 0 0 no info Gathered (wild but closely managed) women seeds dried, ground, used in pinole of all types 0 0 no
Wintu (NA) č'aru:q green, greens, grass, edible clover inheritance *č'aro:q(-i) Wintun Shepherd 2005; Golla 1997:164 relates to Alsea su:lha7k “grass” underived Pitkin 1985 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yavapai (NA) ɂìwīla grass unique Note Mojave ɂichɂivily unknown Shaterian 1983 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Palewyami (NA) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Yawdanchi (NA) yâwud probably yawuT grass (Merriam confirms yah'-wut) inheritance *ja:wil Nim-Yokuts Callaghan 2001:324, notes Csf yah wah “grass”, rejects Csr wai broader (probably includes brush) underived Kroeber 1961:198 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yokuts Yowlumne (NA) ya:wil OK N 225 grass, brush inheritance *ja:wil Nim-Yokuts Callaghan 2001:324 notes Csf yah wah “grass”, rejects Csr wai broader (includes brush, grass at least) underived the final -il appears on other forms and might be an affix but I think it's just an epenthetic vowel i with a final /l/ on the root Kroeber 1961:199 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yuki (NA) yo:T A, F grass unique underived Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yuma (NA) hot-lŏ-mots grass (any) unique unknown Merriam 61:475 0 0 0 0 0 no
Akawaio (generic) wannak (SM) wannak (SM) inheritance Northern Carib? See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Baniwa (generic) kanápi-ɻi (R01) kanápi-ɻi (R01) inheritance missing See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Carijona (generic) woyi (SM) woji (SM), ‘hamɯ’tɯkɯ (H&R) inheritance Unknown (shared Yukpa) Also hamɯ’tɯkɯ (H&R) See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Cubeo (generic) bʉcʉcõriaðo; cõriáðo bɨkɨkõɾiaðo; kõɾiáðo, kõdĩ'ã́ (H&R) unique cf. Arawak kanapi Also bɨkɨkõɾiaðo uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Dâw (generic) yʉʉ́r yɨ̌h inheritance missing See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Desano (generic) taa taa, ta inheritance Proto-Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Eñepa (generic) wanaʔ yɨ-pu-n (IDS) wanaʔ yɨ-pu-n (IDS) inheritance Northern Carib? See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Guayabero (generic) polá polá inheritance l to n correspondence uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Hodï (generic) kia'lo 'ʰkʸẽlõ unique uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Waorani (generic) gagĩbæ̃ unique uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Hup (generic) cǐh cǐh unique underived See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Kakua (generic) jilip jìlip inheritance underived See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Macaguan (generic) ponáp ponáp inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Makushi (generic) wanaʔ (SM) inheritance Northern Carib? See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Nheengatu (generic) caápií kaápií inheritance Proto-Tupi-Guarani Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000 Other complex ka'a 'grass' pĩ ?? See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Nukak (generic) dʒilip (H&R) inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Maihiki (generic) taja taja inheritance Proto-Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Pemon (generic) wanak (M2000) wanak (M2000) inheritance Northern Carib? See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Resígaro (generic) himiítsí himiítsí inheritance Yucuna-Resigaro only; inheritance or loan? uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Sanumá (generic) sĩsi sĩsi missing missing See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Sikuani (generic) póːnaː póːnaː inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Tariana (generic) kepipipe kepipipe (H&R, Giancone: kanapiri) inheritance Central North Arawak, Rio Negro branch Also Giancone: kanapiri uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Tukano (generic) tá tá inheritance Proto-Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Kotiria (generic) tha tʰáá, tʰa inheritance Proto-Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Wapishana (generic) piniɖi piniɖi unique See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yanomami (generic) moimoima moimoima (MM07) unique underived See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yukuna (generic) jimichi himitʃi inheritance Yucuna-Resigaro only; inheritance or loan? uncoded See Language page 0 0 0 0 0 no
Bardi (NA) gooljoo gooljoo inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Bunuba (NA) bilgi bilgi inheritance pirlki Bunuban assuming Goon gilirni <thorn word underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Burarra (NA) gorrngunya borrdya unknown simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
Dhangu (NA) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
Dhay’yi (NA) mulmu mulmu inheritance 0 0 0 0 0 no
Dhuwal (NA) mulmu lawarr unknown cf ḻawarranha Yan-nhangu type of stingray simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
Djapu (NA) mulmu inheritance 0 0 0 0 0
Djinang (NA) yurryarr yurryarr unique 0 0 0 0 0 no
Gajirrabeng (NA) ramang ramang inheritance rama Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Gooniyandi (NA) gilirni gilirni unknown borrowed from kili 'thorn'? underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Gumatj (NA) buḻwutja(') buḻwutya(') unique 0 0 0 0 0 no
Gupapuyngu (NA) mulmu mulmu inheritance 0 0 0 0 0 no
Gurindji (NA) yuka yuka loan Jaru NG internal loan *yuka underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Guugu Yimidhirr (NA) munhu munhu semantic shift Reflexes in other lgs mean 'burnt-over ground'. underived 0 0 0 0 0
Jaru (NA) yuka yuka inheritance yuka Ngumpin-Yapa uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
Jingulu (NA) kurdalya kurdalya unknown underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Karajarri (NA) bidilj bidilj unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Kija (NA) mangkayam/ny mangkayam/ny unique other word ruraminy could be cognate of rama in othe Jarr. Lgs. underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Koko-Bera (NA) pukán pukán grass inheritance *pukan pPaman Also in Warrgamay; as *puka attested in Karnic simplex
Kuku-Thaypan (NA) akw3n akw3n inheritance *pukan pPaman Phonological development poss. anomalous in KThaypan. Poss. attested as far as Diyari. underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Kuku-Yalanji (NA) karrara karrara unique underived /jumul-jumul/ 'grass seed' poss. defines a 'grass' class. 0 0 0 0 0 no
Kurtjar (NA) kuaan & choerkibhay kuaan & choerkibhay inheritance *pukan pPaman pPaman, extending to Warrgamay and poss. as far as Karnic underived kuaan (also choerkibhay?) is preposed to specific terms as a generic 0 0 0 0 0 no
Kuuk Thaayorre (NA) warrath warrath unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Mangala (NA) calkarr calkarr unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Mbabaram (NA) algu algu unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Miriwung (NA) ramang ramang inheritance rama Jarragan underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Ngandi (NA) bilinjiri bilindyiri unknown 0 0 0 0 0 no
Ngarinyin (NA) dyololu dyololu unknown proto-Worrorran uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
Ngarluma (NA) warrapa inheritance 0 0 0 0 0
Ngumbarl (NA) marra marra loan with meaning change Worrorra WW %maarra underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Nimanburru (NA) maarra maarra loan with meaning change Worrorran WW %maarra underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Nyangumarta (NA) partalyu partalyu unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Nyikina (NA) woorroo woorroo unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Nyulnyul (NA) maarr maarr loan with meaning change Worrorran WW %maarra underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Pakanh (NA) waka waka inheritance *warrka Local Local, but pPama-Nyungan if Pilbara forms meaning 'hair' are counted underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Rembarrnga (NA) damul-na tamul-na unknown 0 0 0 0 0 no
Ritharrngu (NA) mulmu mulmu inheritance 0 0 0 0 0 no
Tjaapukay (NA) nguyay nguyay kangaroo grass [poss. also generic] inheritance *nguyay pYTj Yidiny cognate is 'kangaroo grass' (Themeda australis) underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Uw-Olkol (NA) ukan ukan grass inheritance *pukan pPaman Northernmost attestation is Umpithamu /ukan/ 'bulguroo' underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Uw-Oykangand (NA) ukan ukan grass inheritance *pukan pPaman Northernmost attestation is Umpithamu /ukan/ 'bulguroo' underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Walmajarri (NA) yuka yuka inheritance yuka Ngumpin-Yapa underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Wardaman (NA) wolon wolon unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
Warlpiri (NA) marna unique marna Ngumpin-Yapa distinguished from Ngumpin p-form mana 'base of tree' underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Warrwa (NA) worral unique 0 0 0 0 0
Wik Ngathan (NA) pemp ~ yemp pemp ~ yemp grass (syn; both generic) inheritance *yampa PPaman *yampa reflexes otherwise 'leaf'; etym very tentative underived yemp is preposed as generic for grasses (and sedges?) 0 0 0 0 0 no
Worrorra (NA) madyalba madyalba unknown proto-Worrorran uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
Wubuy (NA) mulmu mulmu loan Yolngu 0 0 0 0 0
Wunambal (NA) mangulu unique proto-Worrorran 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yan-nhangu (NA) mulmu dharrthal unknown simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yawuru (NA) kurldyu kurldyu inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yidiny (NA) nguyay (TCGW) & jirrgar (TC) nguyay (TCGW) & jirrgar (TC) inheritance *nguyay pYTj To Tjaapukay /nguyay/ underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Yir-Yoront (NA) warrq warr7 inheritance *warrka local Pos. pPama-Nyungan if 'hair' senses are included grasses and sedges underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
Achagua (generic) kanáhiʒi kanáhiʒi inheritance See Language page
Piapoco (generic) màsikài, kanapíri (H&R) màsikài, kanapíri (H&R) See Language page
Kabiyari (generic) ka:na:phiri ka:na:phiri See Language page
Yavitero (generic) yewaľi jewaľi See Language page
Bare (generic) damakaɻuku damakaɻuku See Language page
Wayuu (generic) wɨitši See Language page
Yine (generic) pekľo; kac̷-ľɨ See Language page *Piro-Apuriná form is *kac̷o-rɨ/ta.
Paresi (generic) ime ime inheritance cognate N. Arawak *himitʃi? See Language page
Ignaciano (generic) iharehi; muihi See Language page
Trinitario (generic) muihi See Language page
Baure (generic) es'hiwok es'hiwok unknown See Language page
Waurá (generic) ata-kahɨ ata-kahɨ unknown See Language page
Cha'palaa (generic) 'tape; 'iš-'tape See Language page
Bora (generic) pɨɨ́βa, tsʰóxkʰómïxɨ pɨɨ́βa, tsʰóxkʰómïxɨ inheritance See Language page
Muinane (generic) súkkumexe (weeds), ɸáíxɨ súkkumɛxɛ (weeds), ɸáíxɨ See Language page
Apalai (generic) ona, xirikozuru ona, xirikozuru unique See Language page
Wayana (generic) paja paja unique See Language page
Tiriyó (generic) woji woji inheritance See Language page
Makiritare (generic) wanaʔ (SM) inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo (generic) yurari yurari See Language page
Wai Wai (generic) čuuΦu čuuΦu unique See Language page
Yukpa (generic) pawa (SM) pawa (SM); wóʃe (H&R) See Language page Phon only in source
Barí (generic) ši See Language page Colombia: c̷irə.
Northern Emberá (generic) chirúa ; chirúa; chˈãnso-dyipée tʃirúa ; tʃˈãnso-dʒipée See Language page
Epena (generic) pʰua'hãra See Language page
Cuiva (generic) naepanáe-wa See Language page
Playero (generic) poná-wa See Language page
Páez (generic) xʲuth, xʲũth (H&R) See Language page
Tikuna (generic) má-é (Alv44) máʔé unique See Language page
Urarina (generic) omane omane unique See Language page
Camsa (generic) ʃákuana ʃákuana See Language page
Andoke (generic) sita sita See Language page
Pumé (generic) kʊrʊ See Language page
Puinave (generic) ye je, bib (H&R) unique See Language page
Ashuar (generic) nupã́ã nupã́ã See Language page
Huambisa (generic) nupa, nupan nupa, nupan See Language page
Aguaruna (generic) dupa dupa inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect (generic) jaʔwii unknown See Language page
Matses (generic) uesin uesin inheritance See Language page
Kakataibo (generic) βasi; čuku; ṣ̌uβi See Language page *Panoan *wasi.
Katukina (generic) wasi See Language page
Yaminahua (generic) βasi See Language page
Chácobo (generic) wasi; niʔi ṣ̌oko wasi; niʔi ṣ̌oko inheritance See Language page
Yagua (generic) -so; wačuy -so; watʃuy doubtful loan Pano *wasi See Language page
Ingá (generic) úgsa(H&R) See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua (generic) quiwa kiwa See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano (generic) qura, qhachu (CP94) qura, qhachu See Language page
Piaroa (generic) baˈwi'pahk'uáˈ baɁwiɁpahkɁuáˈ unknown See Language page
Sáliva (generic) ohda oʔda unknown See Language page
Bará (generic) 'táa See Language page
Barasano (generic) taa taa See Language page
Carapana (generic) 'taa 'taa See Language page
Makuna (generic) ta ta inheritance See Language page
Yuruti (generic) 'táa 'táa See Language page
Waikhana (generic) 'taa 'taa See Language page
Siriano (generic) tá tá See Language page
Tanimuca (generic) ta'dya ta'ʎa inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo (generic) táa táa See Language page
Tuyuka (generic) táa táa See Language page
Waimaja (generic) tá tá See Language page
Koreguaje (generic) tʰaʤa tʰaʤa inheritance See Language page
Siona (generic) taya taja inheritance See Language page
Secoya (generic) taya ta'ja See Language page
Wayampi (generic) kaʔa; kaʔapiʔi; kwãkwã kaʔa; kaʔapiʔi; kwãkwã inheritance See Language page
Aché (generic) ǰõra unknown See Language page
Chiriguano (generic) kapii inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní (generic) ɲana; kapiʔipe See Language page
Sirionó (generic) ira ruri; kʸata ira ruri; kʸata unknown See Language page
Ocaina (generic) tyojáán; tyojáánjan tʲohã́ã́; tʲohã́ã́hã unique See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto (generic) ráidï.aï ráidï.aï See Language page
Minica Witoto (generic) ráitï.aï ráitï.aï See Language page
Murui Witoto (generic) raitïkïñ̵o raitïkïñ̵o inheritance/Witoto See Language page
Iquito (generic) iyásiica ijásiika inheritance See Language page
Záparo (generic) yawsuka jawsuka See Language page
Wari (generic) tononoin tononoin See Language page
Araona (generic) noc̷a See Language page *Tacn form is *noc̷a.
Ese Ejja (generic) sipone; tata tiyani See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo (generic) sipone sipone See Language page
Tacana (generic) iď̶ene; noc̷a See Language page
Cavineña (generic) noc̷a; kona (G71) noc̷a; kona (G71) See Language page
Central Aymara (generic) qora ḳura See Language page
Cayuvava (generic) rišɨkɨ ~ irihɨhɨ See Language page Also rišoko; riɨkɨ.
Itonama (generic) o-lele See Language page Grass used to make brooms is očˀiwi; otiri.
Kwazá (generic) tuituiñɛ̃ tuituiñɛ̃ See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané (generic) bi'ruruʔ See Language page
Movima (generic) ɗi-mas ɗi-mas See Language page
Trumai (generic) kutat; kuian kutat; kuian See Language page
Kaingang (generic) ròrò rɔrɔ; re See Language page
Canela (generic) aʔ-tuu See Language page *Jê form is *tu; *tuɲ.
Suyá (generic) pə pə See Language page
Karajá (generic) asi See Language page
Chipaya (generic) sarḳi; toyi See Language page
Mocoví (generic) ʔwaḳa-pi See Language page Lit. 'bladed growth--plural many'.
Pilagá (generic) ʔawaḳa-pi See Language page Lit. 'bladed growth-plm'.
Toba (generic) ʔawaḳ-pi See Language page Lit. 'bladed growth-plural many'.
Lengua (generic) paat See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité (generic) paat See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet (generic) manten; paʔat See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay (generic) hep See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja (generic) xupay See Language page
Maca (generic) xupˀel (m.) See Language page
Nivaclé (generic) tˀaklɔʔk; itxatax See Language page
Ayoreo (generic) n̥aaka'raai See Language page Cf. 08.430, 08.480, 08.520, 08.941.
Mapudungun (generic) kaču See Language page Same in Ranquel.
Qawasqar (generic) c̷apḳstas See Language page From Ag, Em. Also means 'pasture' ksakawes. Bo record tsapɬ; Bo, Sk, Gui record sakalef for Central QWS. Hy records sakalef; Fi records ketare; Fi, Hy record kal for South QWS.
Selknam (generic) xòšl See Language page
Tehuelche (generic) 'kˀōr See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone soni-ppyh “grass, hay” inheritance
Cahuilla samat inheritance S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok cit:aky- inheritance
Chemehuevi tysy/v(i) inheritance
Chumash Barbareno sicweq “zacate”; cweq (Wash 41) unknown Mithun 1997:225
Chumash Cruzeno swyly unknown JPH
Chumash Obispeno pshelpshe unknown JPH
Chumash Ventureno tashta7ash “grass in general” unknown JPH
Cocopa Smal inheritance
Comanche soni, sonipY inheritance
Cupeño sava-l [səˈval], [samət] unique
Gabrielino mama:har inheritance
Iipay 'Aa esemay [Ɂəsəˈmai] inheritance
Kiliwa smiil “hierba” unknown
Kitanemuk hamat inheritance
Lake Miwok pu/Ta unique
Luiseño $a:-mu-t inheritance
Maidu sop'o/ unknown
Mojave kwiimiith “lawn” inheritance
Mutsun huni “any type of grass” unknown NW (JPH)
Northern Paiute wahaby “grass, hay” inheritance Thornes 03:106
Northern Sierra Miwok po:ca- unknown
Plains Miwok sese-, inheritance
Salinan A k'a:Th (A), unknown
Salinan M petL unknown Mason 1918:129
Seri (Comcaac) cone/e unknown
Serrano ha:m-t inheritance
Southern Paiute ugwi-vy inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok cit:ak- inheritance
Southern Ute sag'wa7itY, “grass, greenery, flowers” inheritance
Tübatulabal mashil inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone pohmaa(ppyh) unique
Wappo game unknown
Washo móʔc'im unknown Washo Project
Western Mono ty/go7o/be; unknown
Wintu c'aru:q “green, grass,clover” inheritance?
Yavapai ?i\wi_la, ?i\wi^l unknown
Yokuts Yawdanchi yawud “brush, grass” 243 inheritance K07:243
Yokuts Yowlumne ya/\wil inheritance K 1963
Yuki yo:T unknown S&S 1984
Arabana kantjarra inheritance
Bardi garawal karawal inheritance
Bunuba birlgi unknown
Burarra gorrngunya unknown
Dhangu [missing] missing
Dhuwal mulmu
Dhuwala buḻwutja(') unknown
Diyari kanhtha inheritance
DiyariREU kuljuru loan Arabana
Djambarrpuyngu mulmu inheritance
Djapu mulmu inheritance
Djinang yurryarr unknown
Gajirrabeng ramang unique NJ
Gooniyandi girlani unique
Gupapuyngu mulmu inheritance
Gurindji yuka loan
Jabirr-Jabirr bidilj bidily inheritance
Jaru yuga inheritance
Karajarri jalngu unknown
Kija rurra- unique
Malyangapa Mal: muthu loan direction unknown
Mangala yuka unknown
Miriwung ramang unique NJ
Mithaka kantha inheritance
Mudburra 548
Mudburra bigira loan
Ngamini kanta inheritance
Ngandi mulmu loan
Ngarluma peela or peelan,worroba
Ngumbarl marra <marra> semantic shift
Nhirrpi kanda inheritance
Nimanburru maarra maarra semantic shift
Northern Mangarla yuka inheritance?
Northern Nyangumarta partalyu unknown
Nyangumarta warrapa loan Pilbara
Nyikina woorroo wurru inheritance
Nyulnyul maarr maarr semantic shift
Paakantyi molo, muttoo unique
Pirriya kantha inheritance
Pitta-Pitta pukarrha inheritance
Rirratjingu bulmirri
Ritharrngu mulmu inheritance
Walmajarri yuka inheritance
Wangkayutyuru pukarra inheritance
Warrwa n wuurru inheritance
Wubuy marda unique
Yan-nhangu mulmu inheritance
Yandruwandha kantha, kurrkari inheritance
Yarluyandi kanda inheritance
Yawarrawarrka kanta inheritance
Yawuru kurlju kurlju inheritance
Lokono (generic) kalhao kaɽao grass Pet 1987:359 no
Kariña (generic) woi woi savanna; grass Yamada 2010:827 no