Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

come

Semantic Field
motion
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
venir
Meaning Portuguese
vir

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone kimma” (sg, pl) ki-kimma” (dl) inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla -nek-en- inheritance S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok 7y/n:y- inheritance Jane Hill
Chemehuevi -gi (sg), inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno jit'i, 7elew inheritance Klar 1977:77 Jane Hill
Chumash Cruzeno yet inheritance Klar 1977:77 Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno jyti, elew inheritance Klar 1977:77 Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno tutYimiLhi “arrive” inheritance Klar 1977:41 Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno jyti, qalaw inheritance Klar 1977:77, 78 Jane Hill
Cocopa yi:, nyyiw, yi:s, yiw inheritance Jane Hill
Comanche kimary inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño -neq [nəq] inheritance Jane Hill
Esselen i-yu/, i/-yu “come, go” unknown (Henshaw, Turner 1983:235) Jane Hill
Gabrielino -ki:, kima/-H145 inheritance UA Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa weyiw [wəˈjɪu] inheritance Jane Hill
Kawaiisu wa-ki (SG) inheritance Jane Hill
Kiliwa yii, t-yii inheritance Jane Hill
Kitanemuk kim inheritance Jane Hill
Lake Miwok 7o/niG- G: adjacent consonant is geminate if preceding V is short stressed inheritance Jane Hill
Luiseño mon- inheritance Jane Hill
Maidu 7yje/ inheritance Jane Hill
Mojave idii=, ivaa= inheritance Jane Hill
Mutsun Ta:kan “comes” unknown O77:109 Jane Hill
Nisenan 7ypin “approach” inheritance Jane Hill
Northern Paiute kima (sg), inheritance SAA? Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok 7y:ny- inheritance Jane Hill
Plains Miwok 72n:2-, 7o:ni- inheritance Jane Hill
Salinan A iax, iex (A, M) iaxteL (pl); unknown Jane Hill
Salinan M iAx, iex unknown Mason 1918:141 Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) moca unknown Jane Hill
Serrano kim inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Paiute pitsy “arrive” inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok 7yn:- inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Ute kAkaiki unique Jane Hill
Tübatulabal kimma-t inheritance Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone kimma inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo te- “toward” unknown Jane Hill
Washo i/ye unknown J362 Jane Hill
Western Mono -ki, kima-H124 inheritance Jane Hill
Wintu hina inheritance Jane Hill
Yavapai yu^wi inheritance Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi tHaxin inheritance K07:251, G64 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne taxin N 137 inheritance N1944:137 Jane Hill
Yuki ko:m (come 1) inheritance S&S1984 Jane Hill
Yuma adhi:/k “he comes” H1:31 inheritance Jane Hill
Baniwa no no inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Carijona ehɨrɨ inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo dayʉ dajɨ inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw nẽèd næ̃̂d inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano ári-ri áɾi-ɾi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa -uwəpɨn (-ə-, əpɨ-, əpi-) (IDS) -uwəpɨn (-ə-, əpɨ-, əpi-) (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï lwai'te unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani põ unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup næn- ~dæd- inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua hʉ̌j [arrive.here], hãwʔ3 inheritance See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi iipɨ (IDS) iipɨ (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Nheengatu yuwirí, úri juwiɾi, uɾi inheritance See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Ninam hɨime (EM72) hɨime inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Nukak hãuʔ2 inheritance See Language page Lauren Franklin
Maihiki daiyi daiji inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon yepui (A1981); ye'nö (M2000) dʒepui (A1981) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Resígaro tsa?nú tsaʔnú loan Bora tsʰaá (plus inheritance form?) See Language page Ana Paula B.
Sanumá huima (EM72) huima inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani páta, pata-hó:pa inheritance shared Cuiva See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tariana nu nu inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tukano aʔtî aʔtî inheritance E Tuk See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria ta/-ta'a táa/-táʔa inheritance E Tuk See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam fuime fuime inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami kõõ kõõ unique See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna iphakaje, waícha ipʰakahe, waítʃa unique See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yuhup dæ̃d ~dæd inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Arabana wonkakata unique Claire Bowern
Bardi jamarda XXgl coming this way (adv) jamarda inheritance Claire Bowern
Bunuba ward- briy- doubtful loan Claire Bowern
Burarra bengga unknown Claire Bowern
Dhangu ḏoy'yun unknown Claire Bowern
Dhuwal buna Claire Bowern
Dhuwala buna unknown Claire Bowern
Diyari wakaRa unique Claire Bowern
DiyariREU wokaralawapanta unique Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu marrtji Claire Bowern
Djapu buna unknown Claire Bowern
Djinang djini guwa unknown Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng dooloolb unique Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi bij- Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu buna unknown Claire Bowern
Gurindji ya- inheritance Claire Bowern
Jabirr-Jabirr dar-m-aran darr-m-arran inheritance Claire Bowern
Jaru ward ya- inheritance Claire Bowern
Jawi barlambudyi barlambudyi unknown Claire Bowern
Karajarri jayi (4?) unknown Claire Bowern
Kija X missing Claire Bowern
Malyangapa kaba unique Claire Bowern
Mangala kapanarri (?) unknown Claire Bowern
Miriwung X missing Claire Bowern
Mithaka thajinda loan direction unknown Claire Bowern
Mudburra yan-durru Claire Bowern
Mudburra kalama- unique Claire Bowern
Ngamini yurdunanmayi unique Claire Bowern
Ngandi wa inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngarluma guga''y Claire Bowern
Ngumbarl Bowna, kallamboo inja <Bowna, kallamboo inja> inheritance Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi ngaldha unique Claire Bowern
Nimanburru dar-m-aran darr-m-arran inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla kurrkayi Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta milpinyi- (V1) unknown Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta kurtaliyi unknown Claire Bowern
Nyikina milngu milngu unknown Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul mad@ietan majedan inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi bari-ba- Claire Bowern
Pirriya yantanapa inheritance Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta pathi unknown Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu go Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu rdap inheritance? Claire Bowern
Walmajarri ya- inheritance Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru kuda unique Claire Bowern
Warrwa bawuna bawuna inheritance Claire Bowern
Wubuy arni unique Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu wiṉi unknown Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha kuthiwarra unique Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi wapa_x001E_ inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka dauarari loan direction unknown Claire Bowern
Yawuru bagu! baku! unknown Claire Bowern
Achagua í:nu í:nu inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco nùacawa néese nùakawa néese See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari mira(a)ni, anaa (arrive) mira(a)ni, anaa (arrive) See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero nuha nuha See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Bare kasa kasa See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wapishana waʔatin waʔatin inheritance Proto North Arawak? See Language page Ana Paula B.
Mandawaka wínawa wínawa See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu anta See Language page PLE
Yine hina See Language page PLE *Piro-Apuriná form is *hɨ'nãã.
Paresi tyoa tyoa inheritance? See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano -kaʔepaipa; -'iteka See Language page PLE
Trinitario #NAME? See Language page PLE
Baure piko-w piko-w unique See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá t-uwa t-uwa inheritance? See Language page Joyce McCormick
Arutani mana See Language page John Blaha
Sape ma See Language page John Blaha
Cha'palaa 'ha-nu See Language page PLE
Bora tsʰaá, náʔxɨʔe tsʰaá, náʔxɨʔɛ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane sáá-ʔi sáá-ʔi See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio yeeknö jeʔnö unique shared Pemon See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin
Wayana umëk umǝk inheritance See Language page PLE
Tiriyó ëe(pï) ǝe(pɨ) inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Makiritare w-eʔ-nə (IDS) w-eʔ-nə (IDS) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Mapoyo wepï-ri wepʊ-ri See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Wai Wai k-mok-∅ k-mok-∅ inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Waimiri Atroari bia, aryme, tyty bia, arɨme, tɨtɨ See Language page Melody Ann Ross, PLE
Yabarana wɜ:'pɨɾi (he comes) See Language page Ana Paula B., John Blaha
Yukpa antka, chaktama, chatama, ekaptama, anespa, kaktama, meta, mutata, nampa, namtama, nupenta, nüpenta, nupe´ntato, oyi, oyaranma, penta, pentase, pe´ntasen, sar, sata, satama, satan, sa´tasa, sayitakma, sayitata, sayitatme, senatupemta, tam, tama, tasen, ta See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Kalapalo e; si- e; si- inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Muisca zehusqua tʂehuskua See Language page Daniel Valle
Barí abãi See Language page PLE Colombia: kirə; 'gʷaykəbə, latter is command form. *Chibchan forms are *'da- and *'di-.
Northern Emberá urú, zéi urú, zéi See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena če- See Language page PLE
Guayabero ϕaláen unique See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Macaguan nít unique See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cuiva páta, wé-rena venir, come Huber & Reed 1992:286 Rebecca Khorram
Playero táhɨ we-poná-rina ('él veien de lejos' - 'he comes from afar') See Language page Rebecca Khorram
Cofán jiye hijɛ See Language page Daniel Valle phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra nádáragich nántáragitʃ unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Taushiro inte indɨ See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez pésath pesatj See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna -u -u unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina ʉ ʉ unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa xabána xabána See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Andoke ə̃ ə̃ unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé mãnã jãnã See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave [-yuk] juk unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Máku na See Language page PLE
Ashuar winítin (a probably loan from Spanish?) winitin See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa winitsa (Spanish loan?) winitsa See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna minít, táat minit, ta:t unknown See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect a-na, na, i unique See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses cho tʃo inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo o-ti See Language page PLE *Panoan *o-.
Katukina ho-; βɨ See Language page PLE Respectively: singular form; plural form of verb.
Shipibo-Konibo ho-ti See Language page PLE
Yaminahua o-kĩ See Language page PLE
Chácobo ho-; βɨka- (latter form is plural) ho-; βɨka- (latter form is plural) inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua jniy xnij unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua shamuna ʃamuna See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá samui samui See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua shamuna ʃamuna See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano hamuy hamuj See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa ɨhćɨh ɨhs'ɨh unknown See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva ohmajaha oʔmahaʔa unknown See Language page Becky Walker
Bará 'dóo See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano wadí- wadí- See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana a'tí- a'tí- See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna eja-re; wadi-re; wija-re exa-ɾe; wadi-ɾe; wixa-ɾe unknown; inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yuruti 'wátii- 'wátii- See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana aʔ'ta- aʔ'ta- See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano aarí, aari-rí aarí, aari-rí See Language page Ana Paula, Kelsey Neely
Tanimuca iʔ'ta ri'ka iʔ'ta ri'ka unknown See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo a'tí- a'tí- See Language page Emily Buell, Paulina Franco
Tuyuka a'tí a'tí See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja dóò dóò See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje raimʉ, mʉtamʉ raimʉ, mʉtamʉ inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona raiji raihi inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya daiye daijɛ See Language page Amanda N
Kokama uri uri inheritance See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi #NAME? #NAME? inheritance See Language page PLE
Aché eǰo inheritance See Language page PLE
Chiriguano (a-)ǰu inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní ǰu See Language page PLE
Sirionó tu; ŋaẽ tu; ŋaẽ inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá jo, jot, ut jo, jot, ut inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina aaji aahi unique See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Nɨpode Witoto bí-de bí-dɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto bí-te bí-tɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto bí-te bí-tɛ inheritance/Witoto See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito aniini aniini inheritance See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Záparo aninyu aninju See Language page Becky Walker
Wari makiʔ makiʔ See Language page PLE
Araona pobe-a See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja poe- inheritance See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo pe-kwe; pos- (Girard 1971) pe-kwe; pos- See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana poe- See Language page PLE
Cavineña he-ya; heti-ya; ba-na- (G71) he-ya; heti-ya; ba-na- (G71) semantic shift walk/return See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara jutaña xuta-ɲa See Language page PLE
Cayuvava čara; čoka; βihi; -e-; u; koro See Language page PLE
Itonama yawaʔna; niyawɨˀna See Language page PLE Also kapahe.
Kwazá onỹ-, wanỹ-, oriñe- (the latter also means rise ) onỹ-, wanỹ-, oriñe- (the latter also means rise ) See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané a'c̷ih; a'yih See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE Respectively: masc.; fem.
Movima hi-wawa hi-wawa See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Kaingang kãtĩ, kãmũ kãtĩŋ; kãtĩ; kãmũ See Language page PLE
Suyá tẽ tẽ See Language page Rebekah Evans
Karajá na See Language page PLE
Djeoromitxi hari, neuwenĩ hari, neuwenĩ See Language page PLE
Chipaya tʰon-š See Language page PLE tʰon-siča means 'he visited'.
Mocoví n-anak See Language page PLE
Pilagá h-anak See Language page PLE
Toba anak See Language page PLE
Lengua #NAME? See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité apkiɬyakmi; ankiɬyakmi See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋeeɬyeyaamˀ; nenɬeŋayaamˀ See Language page PLE Also neŋmeyaykentaʔ; neŋyoʔoektaʔ; neŋwayˀ; neŋwaʔaektaʔ.
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay nom See Language page PLE Also means 'wake up' 04.630; 'arrive' 10.550.
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja #NAME? See Language page PLE
Maca #NAME? See Language page PLE
Nivaclé -nač; -nam come; come https://ids.clld.org/ PLE
Ayoreo i'bagi See Language page PLE See 10.470.
Mapudungun kɨpa See Language page PLE Same in Ranquel.
Qawasqar yec̷al See Language page PLE Also c̷eke-xak. Bo, Sk, Gui record lec̷al for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record yamaskona for South QWS.
Selknam xe See Language page PLE Also means 'go' 10.470.
Tehuelche 'ā-; 'hēwt- See Language page PLE
Lokono fothikhidin ɸotʰikʰidin come out Pet 1987:354 Camille Unger
Kariña o(py) o(pɨ) come Yamada 2010:784 Camille Unger