Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

venom for darts, poison

Semantic Field
subsistence tool
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
veneno
Meaning Portuguese
curare

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source Created By
Kakua manji manji unique Simplex hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Nheengatu wirari wirari doubtful loan - WW %wirari Also occurs in Kokama; but also in Akawaio (Carib), possibly a loan into TG? Simplex hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin, PLE, Alyssa Wadley
Waorani ǫ́ǫ́mæ̨ unique hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hodï malaba unique Simplex hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Brittany Weinstein
Yanomami wayu, mamokorima (HR94) waju, mamokoɾima unknown Alternate: mamokoɾima Simplex hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Kelsey Neely
Ninam noma (vb.; IDS) doubtful loan - WW? cf. Tukanoan nima, Boran namita, Nadahup nam, Yagua ramũ, Iquito ramúcuaa hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Kelsey Neely
Kotiria ~phuri (generic poison) (stenzel) pʰũɾĩ (generic poison) poison, venom (e.g. snake) unknown Simplex hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Tanja Baeuerlein
Cubeo jĩma hĩma inheritance Proto-Tukanoan cf. %namo Simplex hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Tanja Baeuerlein; Alyssa Wadley
Tukano nimá nimá inheritance Proto-Tukanoan cf. %namo Simplex hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Desano nima nima inheritance Proto-Tukanoan cf. %namo Simplex hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Addison M; Tanja Baeuerlein
Maihiki bia ja, eo ja bia xã, eo xã sem shift? (or incorrect meaning?) Proto-West Tukanoan fish-poison Simplex hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Daniel Valle
Hup nám nám doubtful loan (into protolg?) - WW? %namo Simplex hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Pattie Epps
Dâw nãám nã̌m doubtful loan (into protolg?) - WW? %namo hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Sikuani araita (2) araíta unknown Compare Carib, e.g. Akawaio urari hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Brittany Weinstein
Pemon kumarwa (A1981) kumaɾwa (A1981) inheritance? cf. Yukpa hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza; Alyssa Wadley
Akawaio uurarii urari inheritance - WW %wirari Ultimate source Tupi; could have gone Akawaio > Wapishana or vice versa hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Makushi maiʔpa-i-ya maiʔ ke maiʔpa-i-ja maiʔ ke poison unknown hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Melody Ann Ross; Alyssa Wadley
Eñepa mankawae, Var. mankowao (MM); amëjtënto' mankawae, Var. mankowao (MM); amëhtëntɔʔ Var. aməhtənətɔʔ unknown hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin; Alyssa Wadley
Yukuna ja'apá haʔapá unknown Simplex hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Tariana pupáwa pupáwa unknown Simplex hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wapishana uɽaɽi uɽaɽi loan - WW %wirari Most direct donor or recipient is Akawaio hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Ana Paula B.
Baniwa mawakólia; mánhe[ni] (R01) mawakóɺia; mánhe[ni] (R01) inheritance; inheritance Proto North Central Arawak Derived mawa is a verb root meaning "tirar," or "remove" hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Ana Paula B.
Piapoco culáli kuláli hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari apári; manhé[t̪i] (R01) apári; manhé[t̪i] (R01) hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero mawáuli mawáuli hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Mandawaka mawákuli mawákuli hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Ana Paula B.
Paresi iˈriwa (kaxiniti), ˈhowiti iˈriwa (kaʃiniti), ˈhuwiti unknown hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Bora námijtya námixtja doubtful loan (into protolg?) - WW? cf. %namo hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane námita (W97) námita hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Wayana ulali ulali inheritance - WW %wirari hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page PLE
Carijona kurari (SM) inheritance - WW %wirari hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Yukpa kome, uesárake, yínosar ('veneno') kome, uesárake, jínosar ('veneno') hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Northern Emberá dyibebéno dʒibebéno hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Cofán seje´pa sɛhɛʔpa phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Daniel Valle
Candoshi-Shapra tspasa tspasa unique hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna goré, marúm (Alv44) goré, marúm unique hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina bʉrari 'poison' bʉrari 'poison' loan - WW %wirari hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Pumé ɛ 'poison' hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Warao ibihi ibihi hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page John Blaha
Ashuar tséas tsɯas hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa tikun tikun hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna tikún, tsegás tikún, tsɨgás inheritance hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Daniel Valle
Nukak parupi' (Politis07) unique hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect pɯ̰ːm unknown hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses dauë, ni dauɨ, ni unknown hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Chácobo kapi 'poison' (IDS) kapi 'poison' (IDS) unknown compare ayahuasca WW? hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua ramũ ramũ loan, direction unknown Iquito ramúcuaa; cf. %namo hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua ambi ambi hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua jambi xambi hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano miyu 'veneno', [hampi 'todo remedio'] (CP94) miju 'veneno', [hampi 'todo remedio'] hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa ñiñékuah ñiñékuah unknown hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Carapana nima nima hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna rĩma lĩma inheritance cf. %namo hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Tanimuca rã'bĩ 'taka rã'bĩ 'taka loan - WW? %namo hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje chima, eo dʒima, eo inheritance hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona eo eo sem shift? (or incorrect meaning?) fish-poison hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya tsima tsĩma hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Amanda Novak
Kokama wɨrari wɨɾaɾi doubtful loan - WW %wirari hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi mɔmɔʔɛaɨ (G89) mɔmɔʔɛaɨ (G89) unknown hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page PLE
Ocaina uhtooga ɯʔtooga unknown hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Iquito ramúcuaa ramúcuaa doubtful loan (into protolg?), direction unknown - WW? cf. Yagua ramũ; also Boran namita, Nadahup nam, Ninam noma hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Záparo numanaka numanaka hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page Becky Walker
Central Aymara jiwayiri ('poison', P04) xiwajiri ('poison', P04) hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) See Language page PLE
Kariña urari urari poison Yamada 2010:822 Camille Unger