Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

hand

Semantic Field
body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
mano
Meaning Portuguese
mão

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Source Created By General Notes
Bankalachi Toloim mahn 175 inheritance Jane Hill
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone moo, mo7o, (mo7i); na- IP, ma”- IP inheritance Jane Hill
Cahuilla ma-l inheritance S&H 1979 Jane Hill
Central Sierra Miwok tish:y- inheritance Jane Hill
Chemehuevi mo7o/v(i) inheritance Jane Hill
Chumash Barbareno pu inheritance Klar 1977:90 Jane Hill
Chumash Cruzeno pa-tsh-Hpui inheritance Klar 1977:15 Jane Hill
Chumash Ineseno pu inheritance Klar 1977:90 Jane Hill
Chumash Obispeno pu inheritance Klar 1977:15 Jane Hill
Chumash Ventureno pu inheritance Klar 1977:15 Jane Hill
Cocopa 7isha:Ly inheritance Jane Hill
Comanche mo7o, mo7e inheritance Jane Hill
Cupeño -ma [-ma] inheritance Jane Hill
Esselen tala-nVx unknown Shaul 1988:693 Jane Hill
Gabrielino -ma:n inheritance Jane Hill
Iipay 'Aa esally [əˈsaɫʸ] inheritance Jane Hill
Kawaiisu mo7o-vi inheritance Jane Hill
Kiliwa ny-7-sal n tilde inheritance Jane Hill
Kitanemuk mac inheritance Jane Hill
Lake Miwok 7u/kku, 7u/ku inheritance Jane Hill
Luiseño ma-t inheritance Jane Hill
Maidu ma/ inheritance Jane Hill
Mojave iisaly inheritance Jane Hill
Mutsun 7issu inheritance O77:89 Jane Hill
Nisenan ma: inheritance Jane Hill
Northern Paiute ma- inheritance Thornes? Jane Hill
Northern Sierra Miwok 7uk:us-u- inheritance Jane Hill
Plains Miwok 7ek:uh inheritance Jane Hill
Salinan A me:n (A), unknown Jane Hill
Salinan M me/nen unknown Mason 1918:127 Jane Hill
Seri (Comcaac) inol unknown Jane Hill
Serrano -ma inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Paiute ma-S, G; mo7o-S inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Sierra Miwok Tis:y- inheritance Jane Hill
Southern Ute mo”7o”vI inheritance Jane Hill
Tübatulabal maa-l inheritance Jane Hill
Tümpisa Shoshone mo7o, inheritance Jane Hill
Wappo me- “hand, by hand” inheritance Jane Hill
Washo a/:du unknown J411 Jane Hill
Western Mono ma/ya; inheritance Jane Hill
Wintu seh inheritance Jane Hill
Yavapai sa/l inheritance Jane Hill
Yokuts Palewyami 7axaT unique K1963 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yawdanchi puTHong “hand, arm” inheritance K07, G64 Jane Hill
Yokuts Yowlumne p'unT'uk' inheritance N1944 Jane Hill
Yuki mepat inheritance S&S 1984 Jane Hill
Yuma i:sha:/ly H3:208 inheritance Jane Hill
Baniwa -káapi -káapi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Carijona ɲaɽö unique See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Zach Burnett, PLE
Cubeo pʉrʉ pɨrɨ inheritance shared W. Tuk See Language page Kelsey Neely; Tanja Baeuerlein
Dâw (dâw) sôòb (mĩnõr ‘arm’) ʃôb semantic shift finger See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Desano mojotõ mohotõ inheritance Siriano See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Eñepa -eɲa- -eɲa- inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Hodï mo hwa hwa / mo unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez
Waorani onompo unique See Language page Paulina Franco, Bettie Gonzalez, PLE
Hup d'apṹh d'apṹh inheritance See Language page Pattie Epps
Kakua tejʔ inheritance See Language page Katherine Bolaños
Makushi míá míá inheritance at least N Amaz subgroup See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Nheengatu pu pu inheritance See Language page John Blaha, Lauren Franklin
Ninam ũtha-k (ids), ~Itak (gom) ũtha-k, ~ɯtak (gom) unique See Language page Kelsey Neely
Nukak teiʔ3 inheritance See Language page Lauren Franklin
Maihiki jɨtɨ ja xɨtɨ xã inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Pemon yenna (A1981); enya (E1980); yenna (M2000) dʒena (A1981); ɛnʎa (E1980) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Resígaro -ké -ké inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Sanumá matha, ami (both EM72) matʰa, ami doubtful loan; inheritance compare Arutani maʃa 'hand' See Language page Kelsey Neely
Sikuani kabe / kobe (1), kaberürü (31) / kobebürü (32) (the conjuction of the fingers to the hand), kabejapa (23) / kobejapa (23) (palm) doubtful loan (into proto-language?) Arawak ka:pi See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, Rebecca Khorram, PLE
Tariana kápi kápi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B.
Tukano ómócã (arm, hand) ómó kã (arm, hand) inheritance E Tuk; compare similar forms to amo in some Carib lgs See Language page Ana Paula, Amanda Novak
Kotiria ~wabo ~wabo inheritance E Tuk See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yanomam imik (EM72) imik (EM72) doubtful loan (into protolg?) Panoan See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yanomami pei imɨkɨ, ikɨkɨ (EM72) pei imɨkɨ, ikɨkɨ (EM72) doubtful loan (into protolg?) Panoan See Language page Kelsey Neely
Yukuna yáte'elaji játeʔelahi unique See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yuhup pɔ̃̂h ~pɔ̂h inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Arabana maRa inheritance Claire Bowern
Bardi nimarl(a) nimarl(a) inheritance Claire Bowern
Bunuba mingali unknown Claire Bowern
Burarra murna inheritance Claire Bowern
Dhangu goŋ inheritance Claire Bowern
Dhuwal ŋarambiya(') Claire Bowern
Dhuwala ŋarambiya(') unknown Claire Bowern
Diyari marra inheritance Claire Bowern
DiyariREU mara inheritance Claire Bowern
Djambarrpuyngu 1524 unknown Claire Bowern
Djapu ŋarambiya(') unknown Claire Bowern
Djinang gumbirri inheritance Claire Bowern
Gajirrabeng marlang loan NGY Claire Bowern
Gooniyandi marla loan NGY Claire Bowern
Gupapuyngu ŋarambiya(') unknown Claire Bowern
Gurindji wartarn loan unknown Claire Bowern
Jabirr-Jabirr nimarla; -mal nimarla; -mal inheritance Claire Bowern
Jaru marla inheritance Claire Bowern
Jawi nemalla nemalla inheritance Claire Bowern
Karajarri papirr inheritance Claire Bowern
Kija marla- loan NGY Claire Bowern
Malyangapa murra inheritance Claire Bowern
Mangala kurrapa unique Claire Bowern
Miriwung marlang loan NGY Claire Bowern
Mithaka marda inheritance Claire Bowern
Mudburra nungkuru Claire Bowern
Mudburra nungkuru loan Claire Bowern
Ngamini maRa inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngandi gu-mar inheritance Claire Bowern
Ngarluma mara Claire Bowern
Ngumbarl neemala nimala inheritance Claire Bowern
Nhirrpi maRa inheritance Claire Bowern
Nimanburru -marl -marl inheritance Claire Bowern
Northern Mangarla rnimarrangka loan Nyikina Claire Bowern
Northern Nyangumarta parirri inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyangumarta parirri inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyikina nimarrangga nimarrangka inheritance Claire Bowern
Nyulnyul na'mala [-mala] na'mala [-mala] inheritance Claire Bowern
Paakantyi mara inheritance Claire Bowern
Pirriya mara inheritance Claire Bowern
Pitta-Pitta maramara inheritance Claire Bowern
Rirratjingu dhungal, goŋ inheritance Claire Bowern
Ritharrngu guung inheritance Claire Bowern
Walmajarri kurrapa loan Claire Bowern
Wangkayutyuru mara inheritance Claire Bowern
Warrwa nimala nimala inheritance Claire Bowern
Wubuy marang inheritance Claire Bowern
Yan-nhangu goku inheritance Claire Bowern
Yandruwandha mara inheritance Claire Bowern
Yarluyandi mara inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawarrawarrka mara inheritance Claire Bowern
Yawuru nimarrangka nimarrangka inheritance Claire Bowern
Achagua ká:hi ká:hi inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Piapoco cáapi ká:pi See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Kabiyari kaapi kaapi See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Yavitero kahahi kahahi See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Bare khábi kʰábi See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wapishana -kʰaʔɨ -kʰaʔɨ inheritance Proto-Arawak See Language page Ana Paula B.
Mandawaka káhi káhi See Language page Ana Paula B.
Wayuu ta-hapɨ See Language page PLE
Yine myo See Language page PLE
Paresi ekahe, kahiti ekahe, kahiti inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., PLE
Ignaciano -waʔu See Language page PLE
Trinitario #NAME? See Language page PLE
Baure -wo-; ni-'wohi-s -wo-; ni-'wohi-s inheritance S. Arawak lgs See Language page Anissa Capuccino
Waurá -wɨžɨku; -kapɨ -wɨžɨku; -kapɨ unknown; inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Arutani maša, mama maʃa, mama See Language page John Blaha
Sape piča apa pitʃa apa See Language page John Blaha
Cha'palaa 'tʸaapa See Language page PLE Also means 'arm' 04.310.
Bora (mé)-ʔóxtsʰɨɨ́ (mέ)-ʔóxtsʰɨɨ́ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Muinane úse úsɛ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Akawaio eemiiya emiya inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Lauren Franklin
Apalai oma oma inheritance See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Wayana amo amo inheritance See Language page PLE
Tiriyó enja enja inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Makiritare amō-dɨ (IDS); amo (KH) amo:-dɨ (IDS); amo (KH) inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross, Karina Baeza
Mapoyo yeme'kunu (hand); yaapë-ri (arm) jeme'kunu (hand); jaapɛ-ri (arm) See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Wai Wai oy-amo-rɨ oy-amo-rɨ inheritance See Language page Melody Ann Ross
Waimiri Atroari kymyy kɨmɨː See Language page Melody Ann Ross, PLE
Yabarana jemeku,nu See Language page Ana Paula B., John Blaha
Yukpa oma dʒoma See Language page Ana Paula B., Melody Ann Ross
Kalapalo iñatïgï iñatɨgɨ inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Muisca yta ɨta See Language page Daniel Valle
Barí aḳduu See Language page PLE Colombia: ʔakdurə; ʔaxdurə. *Chibchan forms are *'ku; *'kui-ki; *ata; and *guLa.
Northern Emberá hʉwáa hʉwáa See Language page Jonathan Quintanilla, PLE
Epena 'hua See Language page PLE
Guayabero keʔé unknown See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Macaguan -ko(p) -ko(p) doubtful loan (into proto-language?) Arawak ka:pi See Language page Ana Paula B., Rebecca Khorram
Cuiva pé-kobe, pe-kóbe mano, hand Huber & Reed 1992:22 Rebecca Khorram
Cofán tive, tivenaccu tiβɛ, tiβɛnakʰɯ See Language page Daniel Valle phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS
Candoshi-Shapra kovich kobitʃ unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Taushiro yava (hands) yawa See Language page Daniel Valle
Páez cose kose See Language page Daniel Valle
Tikuna nachacüxü [2-3, 1, 2, 3] natʃakɨʔɨ unique See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett, PLE
Urarina bihi bihi unique See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Camsa kukuá-tɕe kukuá-tɕe See Language page Daniel Valle, Anissa Capuchino
Andoke #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page Kelsey Neely, PLE
Pumé ichí See Language page Paulina Franco, PLE
Puinave #NAME? #NAME? doubtful loan Hup See Language page Daniel Valle, Zach Burnett
Máku suku suku See Language page PLE
Warao moho moho See Language page John Blaha
Ashuar uwéj uwɯj See Language page Daniel Valle
Huambisa ujej uxɨx See Language page Daniel Valle
Aguaruna uwéj uwɨx inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Nadëb/Roçado dialect mɔ̃ːh inheritance See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect ne mɔ̃ːh See Language page Ana Paula B., Pattie Epps
Matses mëdante mɨdante inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle, Becky Walker
Kakataibo mɨ'kɨ̃ See Language page PLE mɨ- is prefix for 'hand'. *Panoan *mɨkɨnɨ.
Katukina mɨβi See Language page PLE Also means 'branch' 08.550.
Pacahuara mɨ'kɨna See Language page PLE d'Orb muipata. Arm meque, meke.
Shipibo-Konibo mɨ-kɨ̃ See Language page PLE
Yaminahua mɨ̃kɨ See Language page PLE
Chácobo mɨ; mɨ-kɨ-nɨ mɨ; mɨ-kɨ-nɨ inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick
Yagua jomutu xomutu unique See Language page Daniel Valle
Southern Pastaza Quechua maqui maki See Language page Daniel Valle
Ingá maki maki See Language page Daniel Valle
Napo Lowland Quichua maqui maki See Language page Daniel Valle
Quechua Ayacuchano maki maki See Language page Daniel Valle, PLE
Piaroa chumu tʃũmu inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, Becky Walker
Sáliva umoo umoː inheritance See Language page Becky Walker
Bará ã'bõ See Language page Kelsey Neely, Tanja Baeuerlein
Barasano ~abo ~abo See Language page D. Jagannathan, Tanja Baeuerlein
Carapana wãmo wãmɔ See Language page Amanda Novak, Tanja Baeuerlein
Makuna ~abo ~abo inheritance See Language page Amanda Novak, D. Jagannathan, Tanja Bauerlein
Yuruti wã́bõ wã́bõ See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Waikhana õ'bõ-kã õ'bõ-kã See Language page Ana Paula; Tanja Baeuerlein
Siriano mojṍ mohṍ See Language page Ana Paula, Kelsey Neely
Tanimuca pi'ta 'ka pi'ta 'ka inheritance shared W. Tuk See Language page Kelsey Neely
Tatuyo wã'bõ wã'bõ See Language page Emily Buell, Paulina Franco
Tuyuka wã'bõ-pãbã wãʔbõ-pãbã See Language page D. Jagannathan, Paulina Franco, Ana Paula B.
Waimaja ã́mṍ ã́mṍ See Language page Kelsey Neely
Koreguaje jʉtʉ xʉ̃tʉ inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Siona ʔɨ̃tɨpˀɨ; kˀã hopˀɨ ʔɨ̃tɨpˀɨ; kˀã hopˀɨ inheritance See Language page Kelsey Neely
Secoya jëtë hɨ̃'tɨ See Language page Amanda N
Karitiana py pɨ inheritance See Language page Daniel Valle
Kokama pua pua inheritance See Language page Zach Burnett, Daniel Valle
Wayampi pɔ pɔ inheritance See Language page PLE
Aché ipo inheritance See Language page PLE
Chiriguano (čẽ-)po inheritance See Language page PLE
Paraguayan Guaraní po See Language page PLE
Sirionó eo eo inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Kamayurá hwã hwã unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans
Ocaina on̈oon, on̈óónpo on:õõ(po) inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Nɨpode Witoto ónoï ónoɯ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Minica Witoto ónoï ónoɯ See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz
Murui Witoto ono-ǰï, onoï ono-dʒɯ, onoɯ inheritance See Language page Leslie Smith, Sarah Kuntz, PLE
Iquito curíca; ahuánaca (this form is more archaic and used mostly in numeral expressions) kuríka; awánaka (this form is more archaic and used mostly in numeral expressions) inheritance See Language page Cynthia Hansen
Záparo kuruha kuɾuha See Language page Becky Walker
Wari mišiʔ; (umʔ) miʃiʔ; (umʔ) See Language page PLE
Araona e-me See Language page PLE *Tacn form is *e-me.
Ese Ejja e-me inheritance See Language page PLE
Ese Ejja/Huarayo e-'me e-'me See Language page Joyce McCormick
Tacana eme See Language page PLE
Cavineña e-me-toko; e-me (G71) e-me-toko; e-me (G71) inheritance See Language page Joyce McCormick, Becky Walker
Central Aymara ampara ampara See Language page PLE
Cayuvava ru; 'da-ru; -pa-ru See Language page PLE ru also means 'hoof, finger, limb'.
Itonama uh-maʔpara See Language page PLE To be making with the hands is mapɨlaʔkˀe. Also see 'wrist, arm'.
Kwazá tsoje, -tsa, -koje tsoje, -tsa, -koje See Language page Joyce McCormick
Mosetén-Chimané uɲ See Language page Joyce McCormick, PLE
Movima čopa tʃopa See Language page Anissa Capuccino, Becky Walker
Trumai (ha) kat (ha) kat unique See Language page Rebekah L. Evans, PLE
Kaingang nĩgà nĩŋɛ See Language page PLE
Canela ii-kʰrə̃ See Language page PLE *Jê form is *krã; krãɲ.
Suyá nikra nikra See Language page Rebekah Evans
Karajá debɔ; tebɔ See Language page PLE Also means 'finger' 04.340.
Djeoromitxi nĩhu nĩhu See Language page PLE
Chipaya ḳxara See Language page PLE Includes the arm up to the elbow. 'Fist' is moḳ-o. Uru-J form is ḳxara. Uru-I form is ḳʰara.
Mocoví l-ḳaiʔlaʁat See Language page PLE Cf. 'arm' 04.310.
Pilagá l-owaḳ See Language page PLE Same as 'arm' 04.310. See 'grasp' 11.140.
Toba l-waḳ; n-apokn-a See Language page PLE The latter is lit. '3p possessor-grasp-instrument (fem)'.
Lengua #NAME? See Language page PLE
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité ap-mik; a-mik See Language page PLE Respectively: 'his hand; her hand'.
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet eŋmek See Language page PLE
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay -kʷe-'čˀu See Language page PLE Same as 'palm of hand' 04.331.
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja -kyoy ~ -syoy (f.) See Language page PLE
Maca #NAME? See Language page PLE Also means 'arm' 04.310.
Nivaclé -pɔʔkɔt hand https://ids.clld.org/ PLE Arribeños dialect is -paʔkat.
Ayoreo m̥a'naay See Language page PLE
Mapudungun kuwɨ See Language page PLE Ranquel form is kɨwɨ ~ kuɨ.
Qawasqar terwa See Language page PLE Sk, Spc, Co, Li, Fe, Lu record the same for Central QWS. Fi, Hy, SpS record yekapar for South QWS, which also means 'forearm'.
Selknam čin See Language page PLE
Tehuelche 'čˀen See Language page PLE
Kanamarí -ba -ba mão Magalhães 2018:351 Maria Castillo
Lokono khabo(-ho) kʰabo(-ho) hand Pet 1987:360 Camille Unger
Kariña aija aija hand Yamada 2010:708 Camille Unger