Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

live/be alive

Semantic Field
body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
vivir
Meaning Portuguese
viver, morar

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim oo'-lah-pul 177 unknown
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone missing missing
Cahuilla kwapiqalet “living” unknown S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok hi7a:/-mu- (N) unknown
Chemehuevi nywy/-ga7i inheritance
Chumash Barbareno 7al'ek'en inheritance Wash 2001:18
Chumash Ineseno atyk; satsatik “he is alive” A76:272 unknown A 133
Chumash Obispeno chqe7 “esta vivo” inheritance JPH
Chumash Ventureno k'alitpe, k'alititpe “estoy vivo (not dead” unknown JPH
Cocopa 7i:pa/T; ci:pa/y (human) inheritance
Comanche kahtY inheritance
Cupeño qusa'-0 [quˈsaɁ] inheritance
Esselen enne foila “I am well” unknown Pinart (Heizer)
Gabrielino yaya:yt “alive ones” unknown
Iipay 'Aa nyewaayp [ɲəˈwaˑip] inheritance
Kawaiisu kary SG inheritance
Kiliwa ipaa-y, p-ipaa-y “vivo, sanar inheritance
Kitanemuk yaynat “alive” inheritance
Lake Miwok Su/kuh unknown
Luiseño 7a:w- (singular subject) unknown
Maidu ho/nwe inheritance
Mojave pi'ipay=, wa 'ipay= inheritance
Mutsun TiiTi “be alive, get well”, Titi “live” unknown NW (JPH)
Nisenan wada “alive” inheritance
Northern Paiute nymy (sg); inheritance SAA 1982:62
Northern Sierra Miwok cope- “alive” inheritance
Plains Miwok hese- inheritance
Salinan A o/xoyo:te7 (A), ), unknown
Salinan M o/xoyo:ta'p 'live, exist' unknown Mason 1918:145
Seri (Comcaac) ccam unknown
Serrano hi:k “breathe, be alive or well” inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok ky:li- “alive” unknown
Southern Ute kary (sg.) inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone nuwityhantysy inheritance
Wappo hu/h-shi7 unknown
Washo k'e/she unknown J263
Western Mono qati/- inheritance
Wintu moroq inheritance
Yavapai ya\...pe/: “be alive, be born” inheritance
Yokuts Yawdanchi gho “be, sit, live” inheritance K07:248
Yokuts Yowlumne xo: inheritance N1964
Yuki me\//-he\/ (CHM), meh-, m2h- “be, exist” inheritance S&S84
Yuma 7i:pa/y “be alive, be human” H3:205 inheritance
Carijona nai (alive, adj.) inheritance See Language page
Cubeo cʉcʉ kɨkɨ unique See Language page
Dâw nĩì nĩ̂ doubtful loan (into proto-language?) Tukanoan See Language page
Desano ojocari-ri ohokaɾi-ɾi inheritance See Language page
Eñepa onkono; onkono-pe (IDS) onkono; onkono-pe (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Hodï 'hoa bẽɨ unique See Language page
Waorani kẽwẽ unique See Language page
Hup ʔɨb-, ni- ʔɨb-, ~di- unknown; doubtful loan (into proto-language?) Tukanoan See Language page
Makushi koʔmamɨ (IDS) koʔmamɨ (IDS) inheritance See Language page
Nheengatu murári murari loan Portuguese See Language page
Maihiki baiyi baiji inheritance See Language page
Pemon e-pueti, kowama, ichi (A1981); ko'wamü (M2000) epueti, kowama, itʃi (A1981) inheritance See Language page
Sikuani itawa (3), aitawa (3), jinawanapa (35), jinawonopa (3), jinonopa (3), panapana (2), ponapona (2) unknown See Language page
Tukano ni ni inheritance See Language page
Kotiria kha'ti kʰaʔti inheritance E Tuk See Language page
Yanomami kuo kuo unknown See Language page
Yukuna i'imakaje iʔimakahe unknown See Language page
Yuhup ni ~di doubtful loan into protolanguage Tukanoan See Language page
Gajirrabeng mooling unique NJ
Gurindji wanji karri- inheritance
Kija X
Miriwung mooling unique NJ
Walmajarri wanji karr- inheritance
Piapoco nùyaca nùjaka See Language page
Yavitero hac̷ika; huhe hatsika; huhe See Language page
Wapishana kakɨp (viver), maʃaʔap (morar) kakɨp (viver), maʃaʔap (morar) unknown See Language page
Wayuu ka-ta-a oʔu Lit. 'to have skin the eye'. See Language page
Yine hiweka See Language page
Paresi tyaona 'be, live, stay' tyaona 'be, live, stay' inheritance See Language page
Ignaciano -'itaresira Also -'itareka; -'awiʔa. See Language page
Trinitario itoriko Noun form is itorisra. Also ʔčane, 'alive'. See Language page
Baure čo-'ko- tʃo-'ko- inheritance See Language page
Waurá kutɨ kutɨ unique See Language page
Cha'palaa 'ču-nu; 'ču-ndu; 'ču-mi Also 'ču-nu 'tinbu. 'Alive' is su-. See Language page
Bora ijcya (T98) ixkʰja inheritance See Language page
Muinane ícahi (W97) íkaʔi See Language page
Akawaio gokmannö gɔʔmannö inheritance See Language page
Apalai ehse ehse unique See Language page
Makiritare wenɲə (IDS) wenɲə (IDS) unique See Language page
Mapoyo anoi-ri anoi-ri See Language page
Wai Wai wayΦɨ-ra wayΦɨ-ra unique See Language page
Waimiri Atroari nyry 'alive' nɨrɨ 'alive' See Language page
Yabarana kɨʝaɾima (either "I live" or alive?) See Language page
Yukpa ochne See Language page
Muisca zica, mica tʂika, mika See Language page
Barí dobaɨgbari; baɨgbari Colombia: ʔadyinə. See Language page
Northern Emberá zokkáibʉ zokkáibʉ See Language page
Epena čo'kʰai bɨ Lit. 'awake be'. Cf. 'sleep' 04.610. See Language page
Macaguan nar ('live, reside') nar unknown See Language page
Cofán canseye kansɛjɛ phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra támaama támaama unique See Language page
Taushiro ine inɨ See Language page
Páez fi´nze- fiʔnze- See Language page
Tikuna na-mán-ûn (Alv44) naʔmánʔwun unique See Language page
Urarina ne 'live, be' ne 'live, be' unique See Language page
Camsa ainá (alive) ainá (alive) See Language page
Andoke '-pĩ́ '-pĩ́ unique See Language page
Pumé kjõrõ See Language page
Puinave [-huk] huk unique See Language page
Ashuar pujút puxut See Language page
Huambisa pujustasa puxustasa See Language page
Aguaruna pujút puxut inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect nɨ, nʌ:, na: doubtful loan (into proto-language?) Tukanoan See Language page
Matses tabad tabad unknown See Language page
Katukina βopi-ʔama; čĩnã See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo nɨtɨ; hiri-a; hati See Language page
Yaminahua nia; iki Respectively: 'living, standing; to be'. See Language page
Chácobo βɨso βɨso unique See Language page
Yagua cha (also "to be"); vicha, jnuy tʃa; vitʃa, xnu:j unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua cawsana kawsana See Language page
Ingá kausgai kausgai See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua causana kausana See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano kawsay, yachay kawsaj, yatʃaj See Language page
Piaroa hɨ'ɨh hɨɁɨh unknown See Language page
Carapana ãnajẽ ãnaxẽ See Language page
Makuna cati-re kati-ɾe inheritance See Language page
Koreguaje pa'imʉ, vajʉmʉ paʔimʉ, baxʉmʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona ba'iji baʔihi inheritance See Language page
Kokama caquɨrɨ kakɨrɨ inheritance See Language page
Wayampi -wɛtɛyĩ -wɛtɛjĩ unknown See Language page
Aché ekõ inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano -ikowe; t-ekowe inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní (ai)kove; (ai)ko; t-ekove Respectively: intransitive verb; intrans.; noun form. See Language page
Sirionó ereko; siki ereko; siki inheritance See Language page
Ocaina naavi; aan/ uun; xooba naaβi; ãã/ ɯ̃ɯ̃; xooba unknown See Language page
Murui Witoto ite itɛ (B83) unknown See Language page
Iquito ihuiini iwiini unknown See Language page
Záparo ikinyu ikinju See Language page
Wari eʔ eʔ See Language page
Araona ize; neti; c̷eiɲeba neti also means 'stand' 12.150, a position morpheme. See 'day' 14.410. See Language page
Ese Ejja eše-; baʔe- inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo ani-kwe; baʔe- (Girard 1971) ani-kwe; baʔe- See Language page
Tacana eiď̶e See Language page
Cavineña ani-ya; hoiyomata-ya; honeni-ya ani-ya; hoiyomata-ya; honeni-ya inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara qamaña xaka-ɲa See Language page
Cayuvava porohi See Language page
Itonama siyumaʔna See Language page
Kwazá bukwa-, a- bukwa-, a- See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané bœ'yi; c̷aa'ki Respectively: 'live' and 'living'. See Language page
Movima i-teʔ-ni i-teʔ-ni See Language page
Kaingang rĩr, nĩ rĩr; Φɛ mrir See Language page
Canela twə See Language page
Karajá iru See Language page
Djeoromitxi hõna hõna See Language page
Chipaya ṣ̌et-š; ṣ̌eti Latter form is noun form. See Language page
Mocoví nee-ta-lek See Language page
Pilagá ne-kʔal-'eege Lit. '3pa-alive-out'. See Language page
Toba n-kaʔal-eek; l-kaʔal-aʁaik See Language page
Lengua yinnakte -neŋyak Means 'strength of the chest'. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité apmokhamanki; amokhamanki See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet neŋma; nenteyaaskamˀ; neŋeleeywaam; eŋhaɬnaŋkooʔ See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay iloy See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja #NAME? See Language page
Maca #NAME? See Language page
Nivaclé -manɬa; -manɬa-ʔin live, living, life; live, living, life Also -manɬa-yaš. https://ids.clld.org/
Ayoreo ee'kai; ue'kai Cf. 'widow' 02.760. Also ee'ka; ue'ka; puk-u'e-kaariŋeei. See Language page
Mapudungun moŋen Same form in Ranquel. See Language page
Qawasqar ḳsḳyal See Language page
Selknam wa 'Life' is wa-hn. See Language page
Tehuelche 'aykˀ- Also means 'awake'. See Language page
Lokono kakyn kakɨn live Pet 1987:362
Kariña emamy emamɨ reach day light; live Courtz 2007:254