Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

song (generic)

Semantic Field
culture-mythology
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
canción, canto
Meaning Portuguese
canção

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
Cahuilla taxmu'at song unique other complex Seiler & Hioki 1979
Cupeño hawinily song unknown Cupeno and Cahuilla only derived, other complex Hill & Nolasquez 1973
Luiseño heelaxish song unique derived, other complex Elliott 1999
Gabrielino ci'e:'ey (H) song inheritance *ca Takic Stubbs 2011 1987 I don't like set, only Gab and Serran, might be a loan, correspondences not pretty derived, other complex Hill Harrington notes
Serrano čāç song inheritance *cha-ch Takic Hill/Miller tsa-17 other complex K. Hill Dict.
Kitanemuk cačuič song inheritance *ca Takic Stubbs 2011 1987 I don't like set, only Gab and Serran, might be a loan, correspondences not pretty derived, other complex Anderton 1988
Tübatulabal āyānil song, singing inheritance *aya Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 1492 derived, other complex K. Hill Tb>Eng
Bankalachi Toloim i-yan-nat', e'-lik song inheritance *aya Northern Uto-Aztecan Stubbs 2011 1492; also in Tub; e-lā-tit singer other complex 7e'-lik is Yokuts loan, Yawelamni *7ilik (Newman 27) Merriam 49:201
Kawaiisu huvija-vi song inheritance *hupiya Numic Stubbs 2011 1985 other complex Zigmund et al. 1990
Chemehuevi huvijavY song inheritance *hupiya Numic Stubbs 2011 1985 other complex Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List (K. Hill 1969)
Southern Paiute uvia-vI song inheritance *hupiya Numic Stubbs 2011 1985 other complex Sapir
Southern Ute 7uvwiyavY song inheritance *hupiya Numic Stubbs 2011 1985 other complex Givon
Tümpisa Shoshone hupiapin song inheritance *hupiya Numic Stubbs 2011 1985 other complex Dayley 1989
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone hupia" song inheritance *hupiya Numic Stubbs 2011 1985 simplex Crapo 1976
Comanche hubija7 song, hymn inheritance *hupiya Numic Stubbs 2011 1985 simplex literally, 'sounds mournful, like crying' R
Western Mono hubIja song, music inheritance *hupiya Numic Stubbs 2011 1985 simplex Loether & Bethel 1993
Northern Paiute hoobea to sing inheritance *hupiya Numic Stubbs 2011 1985 simplex Yerington 1987
Southern Sierra Miwok 7yy:te- song inheritance Proto-Eastern Miwok also 7ymt-7aX- simplex 7ymt- 'to sing' st. 1 Broadbent 1964
Central Sierra Miwok my:li- song inheritance Proto-Sierra Miwok simplex Freedland & Broadbent 1960
Northern Sierra Miwok my:li- song inheritance Proto-Sierra Miwok simplex myl:i- to sing Callaghan 1987
Plains Miwok hë:tik, hy:tik song inheritance Proto-Eastern Miwok see Miss 7ytte other complex hëtki 'to sing'; non-concatenative derivation Callaghan 1984
Lake Miwok kója song, singing, to sing inheritance *kója Proto-Western Miwok Callaghan 1970:39 simplex Callaghan 1965
Maidu sôl sing, song inheritance *sól Proto-Maiduan Ultan 1964:366 simplex Shipley 1963
Nisenan sol sing inheritance *sól Proto-Maiduan Ultan 1964:366 simplex Uldall & Shipley 1966
Yokuts Yawelmani 7ilik- a song (noun theme) inheritance *7ilik Proto-Nim-Yokuts Probably Yok-Utian Callaghan 1997:27; note Yawdanchi 7üdük 'sing' Kroeber 1907:218; merriam 44:199 wĕ-pil 'a song' simplex Newman 1944
Yokuts Yawdanchi missing missing
Yokuts Palewyami 7ytykh barred i to sing inheritance Proto-Yokutsan Probably Yok-Utian Callaghan 1997:27; Gamble 1991 derived Gamble 1991
Washo díšim song unknown derived šéšm 'to sing' Washo Project Dictionary
Wintu č'a:wi song unknown derived c'a:w 'to sing' Schlichter 1981
Yuki hą:p song inheritance *hëmp Proto-North Yukian simplex Schlichter 1985
Wappo 7oč'íkukh song, sweathouse song unknown copound Sawyer 1965
Mutsun sa:w song inheritance *şa(:)w Proto-Costanoan Callaghan 1997:53; suwene Mason 1916:437 simplex sa:we to sing 215 Okrand 1977
Esselen na me sing! unknown Arroyo; Henshaw ma-wi'-pa 'to sing', man-wi sing! simplex Kroeber 1902
Salinan A T-eká:kel song unknown Proto-Salinan other complex Turner 1987
Salinan M ka:/keL song unknown Proto-Salinan simplex Mason 1918
Chumash Obispeno qle canta! unknown simplex Harrington
Chumash Ineseno 7iwonuš' song, tune inheritance Proto-Central Chumash B 7iwon 'make sound' derived iwo 'to sound' Applegate 1972
Chumash Barbareno niwiš song unknown derived Wash 2001
Chumash Ventureno missing missing
Iipay 'Aa 7echaayaaw song inheritance Delta-Californian derived Couro & Hutcheson 1973
Cocopa suyáw song, that which one sings inheritance Delta-Californian root is -yaaw in IA?? derived sya: 'sing' Crawford 1989
Mojave suuvaar song unknown derived isvar 'to sing' Munro et al. 1992
Yavapai missing missing
Kiliwa missing missing
Seri (Comcaac) icóos song unknown simplex Moser & Marlett 2005
Nheengatu nheenga (sing, v.; C11; nheenga=language/speech) ñeengari (sing, v.; ñeenga=language/speech) unknown Other complex sing, v.; ñeenga=language/speech See Language page
Waorani ãbotabĩdi ã 'sing' (IDS) missing See Language page
Hodï lo'balei'te to sing unique See Language page
Yanomami amoa (M72) amoa (M72) song (not necessarily ritual) inheritance Proto Ninam/Yanomami/Yanomam Simplex See Language page
Ninam #NAME? #NAME? inheritance Proto Ninam/Yanomami/Yanomam Simplex See Language page
Kotiria basaa basaa song, dance inheritance Proto-East Tukanoan Simplex See Language page
Cubeo yʉraiano jʉraiano unique See Language page
Tukano basâmo (HR 97) basâmo (HR 97) inheritance Proto-East Tukanoan Derived bâsa, “to sing” See Language page
Desano bayari bayari sing, dance inheritance Proto-East Tukanoan Simplex Yes See Language page
Maihiki uja dai ja uxa dai xã inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Also found Cubeo See Language page
Hup yamhidɔʔ jamhidɔʔ inheritance Phrase music FACTITIVE-tell/count? See Language page
Dâw yʉmʉ̃ʉ́r jɨmɨ̃̌h inheritance Simplex See Language page
Sikuani wahi wahi unknown Simplex See Language page
Macaguan najuép najuép to sing unknown Simplex See Language page
Pemon eremuk (A1981); eremuk (A1981) inheritance Akawaio-Pemon See Language page
Akawaio ereng ereŋ inheritance Akawaio-Pemon See Language page
Eñepa ware ware inheritance shared Wai Wai See Language page
Yukuna ataníkaje ataníkahe unique Alternate: káwijala, lumaʔala, peʔiyoɾola, jáleji, meɾaʔaɲala, aʔahitakahe Derived atan appears to be root for “sing”, -kaje some kind of nominalizer? See Language page
Resígaro hada?phoótsihú hadaʔpʰoó-tsi-hú unique Derived hadaʔpʰoó = sing, -tsi = nominalizer, -hú is either a classifier or singular marker See Language page
Yir-Yoront woy song, song-cycle; dance; ceremony inheritance *wu:ci Local Only to YY, TMel, KThaayorre; poss. to Pakanh wu:ci 'taboo'
Bardi ilma unique
Nyulnyul jerrm; nurl inheritance
Yawuru jirrmu inheritance
Ngarluma kunaŋu doubtful inheritance
Burarra manakay inheritance
Yan-nhangu manikay inheritance
Djinang manikay inheritance
Dhay’yi manikay inheritance
Ngumbarl <nooloo> inheritance
Warrwa nulu inheritance
Nyikina nulu loan direction unknown areal probably loan into Nyulnyulan
Rembarrnga puŋkul loan direction unknown areal WW %pungkurl
Yulparija rturlku inheritance
Mangala tyapi loan direction unknown WW %tyapi
Nyangumarta tyulurr unique
Karajarri waŋka semantic shift ‘say’
Walmajarri tyutyu inheritance WW %tyutyu
Mudburra wangka loan Murrinh Patha
Jaru tyunba loan direction unknown
Gurindji tyunpa loan direction unknown WW %tyunpa
Gooniyandi tyunpa loan direction unknown WW %tyunpa
Gajirrabeng wangkang loan Murrinh Patha
Wardaman pantimi loan direction unknown WW %pantimi women's songs
Jingulu kutyika loan direction unknown WW %kutyika
Kija tyunpa loan Ngarinyin
Miriwung yerinting loan direction unknown WW %yarinti song type; sorcery song in some other lgs. Cf. Anmaty. Arreny 'song'
Achagua ʃímaʃi ʃímaʃi unique See Language page
Piapoco pùicái ('forefathers' song') pùikái ('forefathers' song') See Language page
Kabiyari pua 'sing' pua 'sing' See Language page
Wayuu eir̃ɨha See Language page
Yine šikaľe-ta Song' is šikaľɨ. *Piro-Apuriná form is *sikarV-ta. See Language page
Paresi imamaka imamaka loan, direction unknown Moseten hi'maki See Language page
Ignaciano #NAME? See Language page
Trinitario (ha) ual See Language page
Waurá a'pa-i (R73) a'pa-i (R73) unknown See Language page
Cha'palaa 'beesan-'ge-nu; 'beesa Respectively: verbal; noun 'song'. See Language page
Bora majtsíyu (song); llééneba (insulting); ijchóju (drinking) matsʰíjɯ, tʃéénepa, ixtʃʰóxɯ inheritance See Language page
Muinane másijɨ (W97) másixɨ See Language page
Apalai eremiãko (vb) eremiãko (vb) inheritance See Language page
Wayana elemi elemi inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó eremi eremi inheritance See Language page
Makiritare ay'chudi (KH) ʔajʔtʃudi unique See Language page
Wai Wai waano waano inheritance shared Eñepa See Language page
Waimiri Atroari maryba 'song, party' marɨba 'song, party' See Language page
Yukpa yomaikö jomaikɔ See Language page
Muisca ty-scua (vb.) tɨ-skua (vb.) See Language page
Barí čibaa Colombia: čibaarə. *Chibchan form is *'ta. See Language page
Northern Emberá trɨ̃ã- (vb.) (IDS) trɨ̃ã- (vb.) (IDS) See Language page
Epena kʰari- See Language page
Cofán setta'poen'cho sethaʔpoenʔtʃo phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra vayaasi wajaasi doubtful loan Ticuna wiʔjaé See Language page
Páez mem- (vb.) mem- (vb.) See Language page
Tikuna vi-iaé (Alv44) wiʔjaé doubtful loan Candoshi wajaasi See Language page
Urarina ne-nate 'sing' ne-nate 'sing' unique See Language page
Puinave -au (vb.) -au (vb.) unique See Language page
Ashuar anen (trad Achuar song type) anen (trad Achuar song type) See Language page
Huambisa eresemau, kantamrutai, anen (trad. love song) eresemau, kantamrutai, anen (trad. love song) See Language page
Aguaruna kantamtái (Sp.), anen (trad. song type), nampét kantamtái (Sp.), anen (trad. song type), nampét loan; inheritance Spanish See Language page
Matses cuëdën kuɨdɨn unknown See Language page
Kakataibo tupu-ti ša'ku-ti 'sing for the dance before a fight'. See Language page
Katukina ṣ̌irĩ i; sai i- See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo ɨraseɨ See Language page
Yaminahua gõã See Language page
Yagua cusivyã (set of ritual songs); no generic term? kusiwjã (set of ritual songs); no generic term? unique See Language page
Ingá takii (traditional/festival) takii (traditional/festival) See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua cantana (Sp), taquina 'shamanic song' kantana (Sp), takina 'shamanic song' See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano takiy 'sing' (CP94) takij 'sing' See Language page
Piaroa ra'úh raɁúh unique See Language page
Sáliva coja koha unique See Language page
Makuna basa basa inheritance See Language page
Tanimuca ba'dya ba'dja inheritance See Language page
Koreguaje uja uxa inheritance See Language page
Karitiana hỹrỹnh (vb.) hɨ̃rɨ̃ñ (vb.) unknown See Language page
Kokama ikara (ritual song) ikara (ritual song) unknown See Language page
Wayampi #NAME? #NAME? unknown See Language page
Aché preʔe inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano purae inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní pura'hei See Language page
Sirionó sac̷o- sačo- unknown See Language page
Ocaina ñomunhxa ádsa ɲomũʔxa ádsa unique See Language page
Murui Witoto rua rua (B83) unique See Language page
Sanumá ama ama inheritance See Language page
Iquito arihuáani ariwáani unique See Language page
Záparo uranu ('sing') uranu ('sing') See Language page
Wari tamaraʔ (Sousa2009) tamaraʔ (Sousa2009) See Language page
Araona hehe Bird singing is kʷei. See Language page
Ese Ejja sowikʷaya- unique See Language page
Cavineña hero-išo-ke hero-išo-ke unique See Language page
Central Aymara xaylʸi-ɲa See Language page
Cayuvava itɔɲɔ; tõnõ; tɨtɨβɨ 'Music' is 'soropa. See Language page
Itonama yakane; ča-yakane Latter means to sing for another. See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané hi'maki See Language page
Movima lehuansini lexuansini See Language page
Trumai faŋu faŋu unique See Language page
Kaingang tə̃ɲ; tɨ̃ɲ; tɨ̃ŋtɨ̃ɲ; yãr (vb., IDS) tə̃ɲ; tɨ̃ɲ; tɨ̃ŋtɨ̃ɲ; yãr See Language page
Canela #NAME? *Jê form is *ŋrɛ; *ŋrɛr. See Language page
Karajá awinɨ 'Song' is wii. See Language page
Djeoromitxi howa howa See Language page
Chipaya it-s A special kind of singing with words is rim-š. See Language page
Mocoví y-oʔwen See Language page
Pilagá apkaikmaski [loan Mascoyan] See Language page
Toba #NAME? Also means 'read'. See Language page
Lengua #NAME? See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité neŋmenaekmaskama Also neŋaapenyawaam; nempaʔaywaam. See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet βɨwa; βɨwa-ti See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay tˀičui-'ɬi See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja #NAME? See Language page
Maca #NAME? See Language page
Nivaclé -iši; -tˀeyšey; tišxan Respectively: humans; birds; intrans.verb. See Language page
Ayoreo iɲ̥e'kãreʔ See Language page
Mapudungun ɨlkan-tu Ranquel form is ɨlkantɨ-. See Language page
Qawasqar yeḳtal Bo, Li record lektal for Central QWS. See Language page
Selknam yewi See Language page
Tehuelche k 'wor-; k 'maʔy- The latter is to sing a sacred song of another person or other family, a thing which is prohibited. A 'song' is 'ḳˀēws. See Language page
Lokono jeni (-hi) jeni(-ji) song Pet 1987:372
Kariña eremi eremi song Yamada 2010:732