| Cahuilla |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
no |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 2 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no |
Allin says that SOV order is "quite rigid" in transitive clauses. |
Allin, 1976: 318 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 44 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
no |
See examples on pgs. 251-252 |
Galindo, 2002: 251-252 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
no |
|
Shauer & Shauer, 2000: p. 518, Shauer 1978: p. 518 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
yes |
This is the preferred interpretation, but also possible to use VSO order or interpret a sentence as VSO. |
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 90 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
no |
|
Santos, 2006: 217 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
no |
|
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 803 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 2003: 507 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
no |
Aberdour notes that SVO seems like a viable candidate for basic constituent order on the basis of corpus evidence, although notes that more information is necessary. |
Aberdour, 1985: 27 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
no |
|
Payne 1982:1820 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
|
Zamponi 2003:40-42 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no |
|
Duff-Tripp 1997:168 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
yes |
|
Couto 2005:54 |
|
|
|
| Baure |
yes |
|
Danielsen 2007: p333 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
no |
Non-focused, referential NPs are found before the verb when they are subjects and after the verb when they are objects, but these are uncommon. There are no examples of a transitive clause with two free referential NPs. |
Michael, 2008. p. 345 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
yes |
Based on examples |
Rowan and Burgess 1979:32 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no |
|
Launey 2003:57 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no |
|
Matteson 1965:39 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no info |
|
Patte 1989:75, 113-119 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
yes |
Not most common order, however. |
Seifart - 2005:63-68 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
no |
|
Hall 1988: 46 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
yes |
|
Abbott 1991: 24 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
yes |
But the verb occurs in between them as in OVS. |
Gildea 1993:44 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no |
|
de Armellada 1999: 23 |
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
no |
|
Frank 1990:3 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no |
|
Stendal 1976:3 |
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no |
|
Margery 1985:102 |
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Alphonse 1956:51 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
no |
|
Queixalós 2000 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no |
|
Buenaventura - 1993 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
no |
|
Overall 2007:545 |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
yes |
|
Mortensen 1999:89-90 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no |
|
Orr et all. 1991:20 |
|
|
|
| Ingá |
no |
|
Levinson 1978:25 |
|
|
|
| Matses |
yes |
|
Fleck:814 |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no |
But it is possible though not the most frequent |
Zúñiga 2006, p. 240-1 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
no |
|
Rojas:463 |
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
no |
|
Soto 1976:59 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
yes |
|
Soares Faco 1993:97 |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
yes |
|
Olawsky:652 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
yes |
|
Mejía 2000:90 |
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no |
|
Landaburu 1979: 96 |
|
|
|
| Puinave |
yes |
O A V |
Giron 2008: 318 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
no |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 289-291 |
|
|
|
| Kakua |
no |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no |
|
Silva 2011/Goncalves 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
no |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.40 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
no |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
yes |
preferred |
Weir 1984:25 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
no |
but the position of the object is not actually fixed as long as it doesn't intervene between the SV |
Martins 2005:521 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
no |
|
Miller 1999, p. 2 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
no info |
|
Chacón 2012 |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
no |
|
Stenzel 2004, p. 182 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
yes |
|
Smotheron 1993, p.31 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, iii |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
yes |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.108 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
no |
A subject noun phrase precedes the object so that in potentially ambiguous sentences where the subject and object cannot be distinguished by case marking nor semantic clues, they are distinguished by word order. |
Strom 1992, p.114 |
|
|
|
| Siona |
no |
|
Wheeler - 1987:140-141 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
no |
|
Ramirez 1997: 109, 367-9 |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
no |
|
Ramirez 1994: 98 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
no |
|
Goodwin-Gomez: 125 |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no |
|
Borgman 1990: 19 |
|
|
|
| Surui |
no |
|
Van der Meer (?):1 |
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no |
|
Everett 2006:320-1 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no |
|
Cruz 2011:417 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
no |
|
Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:136-7 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
|
Vallejos 2010:466 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Jingulu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Wambaya |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Bunuba |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Walmajarri |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Nyulnyul |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warrwa |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Worrorra |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Garrwa |
yes |
|
52 |
|
|
1 |
| Gooniyandi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warlpiri |
yes |
|
h5-6 |
|
|
1 |
| Bardi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no |
|
104 |
|
|
0 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
yes |
|
cf 267, paragraph 2, text 75 |
|
|
1 |
| Yidiny |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yanyuwa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yandruwandha |
yes |
|
63-4 |
|
|
1 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
yes |
|
54, cf 61: ex 4-39 |
|
|
1 |
| Woiwurrung |
no |
|
67 |
|
|
0 |
| Wirangu |
No |
|
48 |
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
yes |
|
H 51 |
|
|
1 |
| Warumungu |
No |
|
42 |
|
|
0 |
| Wangkumara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
368 |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
no |
|
236 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
213 |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Ngiyambaa |
yes |
|
224 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngayawang |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Muruwari |
no |
|
219 |
|
|
0 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
64 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
no |
|
238-239 |
|
|
0 |
| Marrgany |
yes |
|
335 |
|
|
1 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
450 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
yes |
|
140 |
|
|
1 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
yes |
|
415 |
|
|
1 |
| Kaurna |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Kalkatungu |
yes |
|
42, 152 |
|
|
1 |
| Jaru |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
101 |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
341 |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
93 |
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
yes |
|
291 |
|
|
1 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
94 |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
No |
|
203 |
|
|
0 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no |
|
147-148 |
|
|
0 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
yes |
|
46; 62-64 |
|
|
1 |
| Darkinyung |
no |
|
52 |
|
|
0 |
| Bularnu |
yes |
|
94 |
|
|
1 |
| Biri |
yes |
|
47 |
|
|
1 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Batyala |
No |
|
4 |
|
|
0 |
| Arabana |
no |
|
264: example 958 |
|
|
0 |
| Alyawarr |
yes |
|
129 |
|
|
1 |
| Nyikina |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
No |
|
44 |
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
yes |
|
84 |
|
|
1 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
109 |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Thanggati |
no |
|
88 |
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
no |
|
107 |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
no |
|
181-183 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Kurrama |
yes |
|
191 |
|
|
1 |
| Yingkarta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Githabul |
yes |
|
42 |
|
|
1 |
| Gunya |
yes |
|
335 |
|
|
1 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
30 |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
yes? |
|
cf K85b 63 ex11 |
|
|
1 |
| Wakaya |
yes |
|
102 |
|
|
1 |
| Yindjilindji |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bandjalang |
No |
|
115 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
28 |
|
|
0 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
329 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
No |
|
66 |
|
|
0 |
| Karajarri |
No |
|
319 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
No |
|
G 40 |
|
|
0 |
| Ritharrngu |
No |
|
103 |
|
|
0 |
| Warrgamay |
Yes |
|
63 |
|
|
1 |
| Warluwarra |
yes |
|
874 |
|
|
1 |
| Warnman |
Yes |
|
12 |
|
|
1 |
| Djapu |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Bilinarra |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
76 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
No |
|
86 |
|
|
0 |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
13 |
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
138 |
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
yes |
|
376 |
|
|
1 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no |
|
Payne and Payne 1990:254 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
no |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
