| Cahuilla |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
no |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no |
No case marking of SAO |
Allin, 1976: 290-291 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
no |
The word order indicates Subjects S and Sa come before the verb and the object after it |
Aikhenvald, 1995: 44 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
n/a |
No case marking on subjects and objects. |
Galindo, 2002: 113-121 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
n/a |
No case marking on A/O |
Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 37 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
No case marking on NPs. |
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 36-48 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
yes |
|
Santos, 2006: 210 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
n/a |
No case marking on subject/object NPs. |
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 800 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
yes |
A small subset of intransitives (verbs of physical states) require accusative-marked subjects. |
Aikhenvald, 2003: 139 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
no |
Subject/objects NPs are not case marked. |
Facundes, 2000: 471-481 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
no |
Full NPs are not marked for case |
Payne 1983:1619, 2325 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
|
Zamponi 2003:21-26, 37 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no |
sbujects and objects do not get case |
Duff-Tripp 1997:35 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
no |
The only case is the locative one. Subjects and objects do not show case. |
Danielsen 2007:100-1 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
n/a |
Grammatical relations between nouns are marked on verbs, and not on nouns themselves. Only one (locative) case marker. |
Michael, 2008. p. 340 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no |
|
Brandão 2010, Rowan and Burgues 1979 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no |
|
Green and Green 1972:3-9 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no |
no case markers |
Matteson 1965 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no |
|
Patte 1989 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
yes |
|
Seifart - 2005:68 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
no |
no core case marking on full NPs |
Hall 1988:44 |
|
Discussions of ergativity in Hall 1988: 123-128; Hall 1984 (Split-ergativity in pronominal agreement systems) is inconclusive |
|
| Makushi |
no |
|
Carson 1982: 79 |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
no |
|
Payne 2012 |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no |
|
de Armellada 1999:16-25, 112-8, 276-7 |
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
no core case markers |
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
no |
|
Frank 1985:49 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no |
|
Stendal 1976:18 |
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Quesada 2008:155-9 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
no |
no core case marking |
Queixalós 2000 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no |
|
Buenaventura - 1993:91-101 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
yes |
|
Overall 2007:214 |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
no |
|
Mortensen 1999:8, 47 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ingá |
yes |
|
Levinson 1978:7 |
|
|
|
| Matses |
no |
|
Fleck:854 |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no |
|
Zúñiga 2006, p. 87 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
yes |
|
Jung:114-5 |
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
yes |
|
Parker 1965:39-46 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
yes |
The animate objects may take the dative case marker |
Faco Soares 1993:92-93 |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no |
NPs are not case-marked. Thus, it seems that there is a neuter alligment with respect to nouns |
Olawsky:152-4, 298-354 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no info |
nominative not marked, no info about accusative. |
Landaburu 1979: 155-160 |
|
|
|
| Puinave |
yes |
|
Giron 2008: p356 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
no |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 123 |
|
ru, a directional suffix, can be attached to objects, but it does not function as an object marker; it's function is still primarily directional. Additionally there are plenty of example on pg. 289 (Huayhua Pari 2001) where the objects don't have markers |
|
| Kakua |
yes |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no |
|
Silva 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
no |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.71-82 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
yes |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
no |
|
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
yes |
('P') argument gets an 'affected' marker: -ɯ̃́jʔ |
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
yes |
|
Miller 1999, p. 123 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
yes |
the -RE suffix is only obligatory on indirect objects and usually used on direct objects. The only time it is omitted on direct objects is for inanimate objects, if an animate obj is sentence final and being introduced, or in a list |
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 110 |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
yes |
objects occasionally are not marked. Stenzel's hypothesis is that any nominal constituent in a preverbal position in a transitive clause is the object. |
Stenzel 2004, p. 217 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
yes |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.31 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.89-91 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
yes |
The subject in Barasano bears no case marking whereas the object is generally marked when it is definite. |
Jones & Jones 1991, p.65 |
|
Barasano is a nominative-accusative language. |
|
| Tanimuca |
yes |
|
Strom 1992, p.112-114 |
|
|
|
| Siona |
no |
|
Wheeler - 1987:124-133 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
no |
nominative-accusative with neither full NP marked. Verbal agreement marks S of intrans and A of trans |
Ramirez 1997: 108 |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
no |
|
Lizot 1996: 51 |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
no |
|
Goodwin-Gomez: 77-78 |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no |
|
Borgman 1990: 121 |
|
|
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no |
The language shows a neuter allignment in which S, A and O gets zero case-marking |
Everett 2006:304-5 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no |
no core NP marking |
Cruz 2011 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
yes |
|
Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:130-1 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
NPs are not marked for core cases |
Vallejos 2010 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Jingulu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Wambaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bunuba |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Walmajarri |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyulnyul |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warrwa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Worrorra |
no |
|
44, ms1.7 |
|
|
0 |
| Garrwa |
yes |
|
2, 4-6 |
|
|
1 |
| Gooniyandi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warlpiri |
no |
|
BS152 |
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no |
|
79 |
|
|
0 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
yes |
|
54-60 |
|
|
1 |
| Yidiny |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yanyuwa |
no |
|
13 |
|
|
0 |
| Yandruwandha |
no |
|
75 |
|
|
0 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
no |
|
1, 18-29 |
|
|
0 |
| Woiwurrung |
no |
|
67 |
|
|
0 |
| Wirangu |
No |
|
47 |
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no |
|
H 28 |
|
|
0 |
| Warumungu |
No |
|
18 |
|
|
0 |
| Wangkumara |
no? |
|
r8-9 |
|
|
0 |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
336 |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
196 |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngiyambaa |
no |
|
83 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngayawang |
No |
|
10 |
|
|
0 |
| Muruwari |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
51 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
no |
|
66 |
|
|
0 |
| Marrgany |
No |
|
301 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
148 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
390 |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
No |
|
5 |
|
|
0 |
| Kalkatungu |
no |
|
27 |
|
|
0 |
| Jaru |
no |
|
57 |
|
|
0 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
47 |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
254 |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no |
|
110-1 |
|
|
0 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
36 |
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
42 |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
25 |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
No |
|
27 |
|
|
0 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no |
|
47-48 |
|
|
0 |
| Darkinyung |
no |
|
19 |
|
|
0 |
| Bularnu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Biri |
no |
|
14 |
|
|
0 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no |
|
54-5; 57; 103-6 |
|
|
0 |
| Batyala |
No |
|
200 |
|
|
0 |
| Arabana |
no |
|
65-6 |
|
|
0 |
| Alyawarr |
no |
|
70 |
|
|
0 |
| Nyikina |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
No |
|
20 |
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
no |
|
72 |
|
|
0 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
75-78 |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
no |
|
26 |
|
|
0 |
| Thanggati |
no |
|
11 |
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
no |
|
30 |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
yes |
|
137 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngarinyeri |
yes |
|
18 |
|
|
1 |
| Kurrama |
yes |
|
28-34 |
|
|
1 |
| Yingkarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Githabul |
No |
|
13 |
|
|
0 |
| Gunya |
No |
|
301 |
|
|
0 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
30 |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
no |
|
FO 122 |
|
|
0 |
| Wakaya |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yindjilindji |
no |
|
505 |
|
|
0 |
| Bandjalang |
No |
|
58 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
35 |
|
|
0 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
121 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
No |
|
52 |
|
|
0 |
| Karajarri |
No |
|
115 |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
No |
|
Y 20 |
|
|
0 |
| Ritharrngu |
No |
|
35 |
|
|
0 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
28 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
no |
|
885 |
|
|
0 |
| Warnman |
No |
|
13 |
|
|
0 |
| Djapu |
no |
|
33 |
|
|
0 |
| Bilinarra |
no |
|
1.1000000000000000888 |
|
|
0 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
54 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
No |
|
69 |
|
|
0 |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
24-5 |
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
39 |
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
no |
|
157, 183 |
|
|
0 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no |
|
Payne and Payne 1990 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
no |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
