| Cahuilla |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Serrano |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Comanche |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
yes |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Achagua |
no |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992 |
Ana Paula Brandao |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no |
No case marking of SAO |
Allin, 1976: 290-291 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Bare |
no |
The word order indicates Subjects S and Sa come before the verb and the object after it |
Aikhenvald, 1995: 44 |
Ana Paula Brandao |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
n/a |
No case marking on subjects and objects. |
Galindo, 2002: 113-121 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
n/a |
No case marking on A/O |
Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 37 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
No case marking on NPs. |
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 36-48 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
yes |
|
Santos, 2006: 210 |
Ana Paula Brandao, Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
n/a |
No case marking on subject/object NPs. |
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 800 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
yes |
A small subset of intransitives (verbs of physical states) require accusative-marked subjects. |
Aikhenvald, 2003: 139 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
no |
Subject/objects NPs are not case marked. |
Facundes, 2000: 471-481 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
no |
Full NPs are not marked for case |
Payne 1983:1619, 2325 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
|
Zamponi 2003:21-26, 37 |
Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
no |
sbujects and objects do not get case |
Duff-Tripp 1997:35 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Baure |
no |
The only case is the locative one. Subjects and objects do not show case. |
Danielsen 2007:100-1 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
n/a |
Grammatical relations between nouns are marked on verbs, and not on nouns themselves. Only one (locative) case marker. |
Michael, 2008. p. 340 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no |
|
Brandão 2010, Rowan and Burgues 1979 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no |
|
Green and Green 1972:3-9 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no |
no case markers |
Matteson 1965 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no |
|
Patte 1989 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Bora |
yes |
|
Seifart - 2005:68 |
Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
no |
no core case marking on full NPs |
Hall 1988:44 |
Daniel Smith |
|
Discussions of ergativity in Hall 1988: 123-128; Hall 1984 (Split-ergativity in pronominal agreement systems) is inconclusive |
|
| Makushi |
no |
|
Carson 1982: 79 |
Melody Ann Ross |
|
|
|
| Eñepa |
no |
|
Payne 2012 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
no |
|
de Armellada 1999:16-25, 112-8, 276-7 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
no core case markers |
Smith texts |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Ika |
no |
|
Frank 1985:49 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no |
|
Stendal 1976:18 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Quesada 2008:155-9 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Damana |
no |
|
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
no |
no core case marking |
Queixalós 2000 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
no |
|
Buenaventura - 1993:91-101 |
Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
yes |
|
Overall 2007:214 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
no |
|
Mortensen 1999:8, 47 |
Daniel Valle |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Ingá |
yes |
|
Levinson 1978:7 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Matses |
no |
|
Fleck:854 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
no |
|
Zúñiga 2006, p. 87 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Páez |
yes |
|
Jung:114-5 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
yes |
|
Parker 1965:39-46 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
yes |
The animate objects may take the dative case marker |
Faco Soares 1993:92-93 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
no |
NPs are not case-marked. Thus, it seems that there is a neuter alligment with respect to nouns |
Olawsky:152-4, 298-354 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no info |
|
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no info |
nominative not marked, no info about accusative. |
Landaburu 1979: 155-160 |
Kelsey Neely |
|
|
|
| Puinave |
yes |
|
Giron 2008: p356 |
Mitz Perez, Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
no |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 123 |
Shannon Dardis |
|
ru, a directional suffix, can be attached to objects, but it does not function as an object marker; it's function is still primarily directional. Additionally there are plenty of example on pg. 289 (Huayhua Pari 2001) where the objects don't have markers |
|
| Kakua |
yes |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
Katherine Bolaños |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no |
|
Silva 2011 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
no |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.71-82 |
Christopher Clack |
|
|
|
| Hup |
yes |
|
Epps 2008 |
Pattie Epps |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
no |
|
Weir 1984 |
Katherine Bolaños |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
yes |
('P') argument gets an 'affected' marker: -ɯ̃́jʔ |
Martins 2004 |
Katherine Bolaños |
|
|
|
| Desano |
yes |
|
Miller 1999, p. 123 |
Amanda Novak |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
yes |
the -RE suffix is only obligatory on indirect objects and usually used on direct objects. The only time it is omitted on direct objects is for inanimate objects, if an animate obj is sentence final and being introduced, or in a list |
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 110 |
Amanda Novak |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
yes |
objects occasionally are not marked. Stenzel's hypothesis is that any nominal constituent in a preverbal position in a transitive clause is the object. |
Stenzel 2004, p. 217 |
Amanda Novak |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
yes |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.31 |
Chris Clack |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.89-91 |
Chris Clack |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
yes |
The subject in Barasano bears no case marking whereas the object is generally marked when it is definite. |
Jones & Jones 1991, p.65 |
Chris Clack |
|
Barasano is a nominative-accusative language. |
|
| Tanimuca |
yes |
|
Strom 1992, p.112-114 |
Chris Clack |
|
|
|
| Siona |
no |
|
Wheeler - 1987:124-133 |
Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
no |
nominative-accusative with neither full NP marked. Verbal agreement marks S of intrans and A of trans |
Ramirez 1997: 108 |
Kelsey Neely |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
no |
|
Lizot 1996: 51 |
Kelsey Neely |
|
|
|
| Ninam |
no |
|
Goodwin-Gomez: 77-78 |
Kelsey Neely |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no |
|
Borgman 1990: 121 |
Kelsey Neely |
|
|
|
| Surui |
no info |
|
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no |
The language shows a neuter allignment in which S, A and O gets zero case-marking |
Everett 2006:304-5 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no |
no core NP marking |
Cruz 2011 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
yes |
|
Krivoshein and Acosta 2001:130-1 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
NPs are not marked for core cases |
Vallejos 2010 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Jingulu |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Wambaya |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Bunuba |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Walmajarri |
no |
|
|
Done-Claire |
|
|
0 |
| Nyulnyul |
no |
|
|
done? |
|
|
0 |
| Warrwa |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Worrorra |
no |
|
44, ms1.7 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Garrwa |
yes |
|
2, 4-6 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Gooniyandi |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Warlpiri |
no |
|
BS152 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
no |
|
|
done-Claire |
|
|
0 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
Y? |
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no |
|
79 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
Done-Dan |
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
yes |
|
54-60 |
done-Dan |
|
|
1 |
| Yidiny |
no |
|
|
done-Catherine |
|
|
0 |
| Yanyuwa |
no |
|
13 |
Done-Austin |
|
|
0 |
| Yandruwandha |
no |
|
75 |
Done-Dan |
|
|
0 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
not yet |
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
no |
|
1, 18-29 |
Done-Dan |
|
|
0 |
| Woiwurrung |
no |
|
67 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Wirangu |
No |
|
47 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
no |
|
H 28 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Warumungu |
No |
|
18 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Wangkumara |
no? |
|
r8-9 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
336 |
Y |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
no |
|
|
Y-Hannah |
|
|
0 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
196 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
no |
|
|
done-Hannah |
|
|
0 |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
done |
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
no |
|
|
Done-Hannah |
|
|
0 |
| Ngiyambaa |
no |
|
83 |
Done-Emily |
|
|
0 |
| Ngayawang |
No |
|
10 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Muruwari |
no |
|
|
Done-Dan |
|
|
0 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
51 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
no |
|
66 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Marrgany |
No |
|
301 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
148 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
|
Done-Jessica |
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
390 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
No |
|
5 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Kalkatungu |
no |
|
27 |
Done-Dan |
|
|
0 |
| Jaru |
no |
|
57 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
47 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
Done-Amalia |
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
254 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no |
|
110-1 |
done-Jessica |
|
|
0 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
36 |
|
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
42 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
25 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
No |
|
27 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
done |
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no |
|
|
done-Hannah |
|
|
0 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
no |
|
47-48 |
done-Hannah w Dhurga) |
|
|
0 |
| Darkinyung |
no |
|
19 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Bularnu |
no |
|
|
Done-Austin |
|
|
0 |
| Biri |
no |
|
14 |
done-Jessica |
|
|
0 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no |
|
54-5; 57; 103-6 |
done-Jessica |
|
|
0 |
| Batyala |
No |
|
200 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Arabana |
no |
|
65-6 |
Done-Dan |
|
|
0 |
| Alyawarr |
no |
|
70 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Nyikina |
no |
|
|
done-Claire |
|
|
0 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
Y-Claire |
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
No |
|
20 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
no |
|
72 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
75-78 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
no |
|
26 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Thanggati |
no |
|
11 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
no |
|
30 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
yes |
|
137 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Ngarinyeri |
yes |
|
18 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Kurrama |
yes |
|
28-34 |
done-Dan |
|
|
1 |
| Yingkarta |
no |
|
|
Done-Claire |
|
|
0 |
| Githabul |
No |
|
13 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Gunya |
No |
|
301 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
30 |
Done- |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
no |
|
FO 122 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Wakaya |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Yindjilindji |
no |
|
505 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Bandjalang |
No |
|
58 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
No |
|
35 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
121 |
|
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
No |
|
52 |
|
|
|
0 |
| Karajarri |
No |
|
115 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
No |
|
Y 20 |
|
|
|
0 |
| Ritharrngu |
No |
|
35 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
28 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
no |
|
885 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Warnman |
No |
|
13 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Djapu |
no |
|
33 |
|
|
|
0 |
| Bilinarra |
no |
|
1.1000000000000000888 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
done |
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
54 |
Y2 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
No |
|
69 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
24-5 |
|
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
39 |
|
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
no |
|
157, 183 |
|
|
|
0 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
Y2 |
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no |
|
Payne and Payne 1990 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
no |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
Patience Epps |
|
|
|
