| Cahuilla |
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
no |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Serrano |
no |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
no |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
no |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
no |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
no |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
no |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
no |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
no |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Comanche |
no |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
|
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
no |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
no |
|
|
Jane Hill |
|
|
|
| Achagua |
no |
|
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 23 |
Ana Paula Brandao |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no |
|
Allin, 1976: 318 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Bare |
no |
but they can be used as suffixes when there is a So |
Aikhenvald, 1995: 22 |
Ana Paula Brandao |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
no |
|
Galindo, 2002: 157-159 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
no |
|
Shauer & Shauer, 1978: 41-42 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
no |
|
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 59-62 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
no |
|
Santos 2006 |
Ana Paula Brandao, Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
yes |
Pronominal subjects can be indicated with either prefixes or suffixes on the verb (for both transitives and intransitives). Suffixes only distinguish gender, not person, but there is no other indication that these are adjectives (not verbs). |
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 802 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 2003: 203 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
no |
|
Facundes, 2000: 464 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
yes |
Prefix vs. suffix placement depends on transitivity status of the verb. |
Payne 1982:2324, 9096; Payne 1981:34 |
Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
|
Zamponi 2003:37 |
Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
yes |
Only for third person plural |
Duff-Tripp 1997:72 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Baure |
no |
|
Danielsen 2007:174 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
no |
Person markers are pro-clitics. |
Michael, 2008. p. 345 |
Aimee Lawrence |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
no |
|
Rowan 1978:vii |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
no |
free pronouns |
Launey 2003:65 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no |
|
Matteson 1965 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no |
|
Patte 1989 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Bora |
yes |
|
Seifart - 2005:52-54 |
Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
no |
|
Hall 1988: 281 |
Melody Ann Ross |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
yes |
free pronouns only occur in the 1+3 and 3:COLL person, otherwise are suffixed |
Abbott 1991: 101 |
Melody Ann Ross |
|
See chart |
|
| Eñepa |
no |
|
Thomas Payne 1989:33; Thomas Payne 1995:295 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Pemon |
yes |
Based on examples |
de Armellada 1999:19 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Naso |
yes |
in 0 anaphora constructions |
Quesada 2000 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Ika |
yes |
Not sure why some subject pronouns appear as prefixes and others as suffixes. This may be related to the particular caracteristics of each subject suffix individually. |
Frank 1990.7-8 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
no info |
|
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no info |
|
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Quesada 2008:99 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Damana |
no |
|
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
yes |
Always occur, even when free NPs are present. |
Queixalós 2000 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
yes |
|
Buenaventura - 1993 |
Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
yes |
|
Overall 2007:328-31, 361-5 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
no |
|
Mortensen 1999:16, 59 |
Daniel Valle |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Ingá |
yes |
|
Levinson 1974:9 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Matses |
no |
There is subject person agreement as part of a portmanteau suffix which also encodes tense |
Fleck:445 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
yes |
|
Salas 1992, p.116 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Páez |
no |
|
Jung:136-8 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
yes |
These pronominal subjects marked in the verb always occur with all verbs except with the subclass of transitive impersonal verbs |
Parker 1965:23 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
no |
|
Montes 2005:133-135 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
yes |
|
Olawsky:487 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
yes |
|
Mejía 2000:90 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Andoke |
no |
|
Landaburu 1979; p.62; 212-215 |
Kelsey Neely |
|
|
|
| Puinave |
no |
|
Giron 2008: p206 |
Mitz Perez, Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
no info |
|
|
Shannon Dardis |
|
|
|
| Kakua |
no |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
Katherine Bolaños |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no |
no person inflection |
Goncalves 2011 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
yes |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.78-80 |
Christopher Clack |
|
|
|
| Hup |
no |
|
Epps 2008 |
Pattie Epps |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
no |
|
Weir 1984 |
Katherine Bolaños |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
no |
|
Martins 2004 |
Katherine Bolaños |
|
|
|
| Desano |
no |
|
Miller 1999, p. 123 |
Amanda Novak |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
no |
|
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 142 |
Amanda Novak |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
no |
|
Stenzel 2004, p. 217 |
Amanda Novak |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
no |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.35-36 |
Chris Clack |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.31-32 |
Chris Clack |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
yes |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.108 |
Chris Clack |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
no |
|
Strom 1992, p.114 |
Chris Clack |
|
|
|
| Siona |
yes |
|
Wheeler - 1987:170 |
Amanda Meeks |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
yes |
often as a part of a portmanteau suffix |
West and Welch 2004: 10, 22; Ramirez 1997 |
Kelsey Neely |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
yes |
3rd person dual and plural are often marked as a suffix, but most person markings are clitics preceding the verb |
Ramirez 1994 |
Kelsey Neely |
|
evidenced by examples throughout |
|
| Ninam |
no |
|
Goodwin-Gomez, p.47-51 |
Kelsey Neely |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
no info |
|
|
Kelsey Neely |
|
|
|
| Surui |
no |
|
Van der Meer (?):9 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no |
|
Everett 2006:343-57 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
no |
|
Cruz 2011:133-134 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
no |
|
Ayala 1996:28-9, 46-7 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no |
|
Rossler 2008:73-74 |
Daniel Valle |
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
|
Vallejos 2010 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
yes |
|
|
done |
|
|
1 |
| Jingulu |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Wambaya |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Bunuba |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Walmajarri |
yes |
|
|
Done-Claire |
|
|
1 |
| Nyulnyul |
no |
|
|
done? |
|
|
0 |
| Warrwa |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Worrorra |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Garrwa |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Gooniyandi |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Warlpiri |
no |
|
s148-9 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
no |
|
|
done-Claire |
|
|
0 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
Y? |
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
yes |
|
83 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
Done-Dan |
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
no |
|
|
done-Dan |
|
|
0 |
| Yidiny |
no |
|
|
done-Catherine |
|
|
0 |
| Yanyuwa |
no |
|
|
Done-Austin |
|
|
0 |
| Yandruwandha |
no |
|
|
Done-Dan |
|
|
0 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
not yet |
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
no |
|
1 |
Done-Dan |
|
|
0 |
| Woiwurrung |
yes |
|
77 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Wirangu |
No |
|
71 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
yes |
|
H 41 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Warumungu |
No |
|
27 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Wangkumara |
no info |
|
|
done |
|
|
X |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
352 |
Y |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
yes |
|
127 |
Y-Hannah |
|
|
1 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
214 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
no |
|
|
done-Hannah |
|
|
0 |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
done |
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
no |
|
121 |
Done-Hannah |
|
|
0 |
| Ngiyambaa |
no |
|
124 |
Done-Emily |
|
|
0 |
| Ngayawang |
No |
|
10 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Muruwari |
yes |
|
106 |
Done-Dan |
|
|
1 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
53-54 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
no |
|
100-109 and 136-164 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Marrgany |
No |
|
335 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
No |
|
216 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
|
Done-Jessica |
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
No |
|
399 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Kaurna |
No |
|
16 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Kalkatungu |
yes |
|
36 |
Done-Dan |
|
|
1 |
| Jaru |
no |
|
124 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
65 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
Done-Amalia |
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
342 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no |
|
|
done-Jessica |
|
|
0 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
51 |
|
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
55 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
52 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
No |
|
136 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
done |
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no |
|
|
done-Hannah |
|
|
0 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
yes |
|
50-51 |
done-Hannah w Dhurga) |
|
|
1 |
| Darkinyung |
no |
|
32 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Bularnu |
no |
|
|
Done-Austin |
|
|
0 |
| Biri |
no |
|
23-7 |
done-Jessica |
|
|
0 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
no |
|
|
done-Jessica |
|
|
0 |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
Done-Amalia |
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
no |
|
|
Done-Dan |
|
|
0 |
| Alyawarr |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Nyikina |
yes |
|
|
done-Claire |
|
|
1 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
Y-Claire |
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
No |
|
30 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Wathawurrung |
no |
|
77 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
|
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
no |
|
45 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Thanggati |
no |
|
42-3 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
no |
|
63-65 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
yes |
|
156-157 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Ngarinyeri |
No |
|
43 |
done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Kurrama |
no |
|
73 |
done-Dan |
|
|
0 |
| Yingkarta |
no |
|
|
Done-Claire |
|
|
0 |
| Githabul |
No |
|
42 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Gunya |
yes |
|
324 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
92 |
Done- |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
no |
|
K85c 82 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Wakaya |
yes |
|
|
done |
|
|
1 |
| Yindjilindji |
no |
|
|
done |
|
|
0 |
| Bandjalang |
No |
|
106 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
yes |
|
55 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
101 |
|
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
No |
|
65 |
|
|
|
0 |
| Karajarri |
Yes |
|
227 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
1 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
No |
|
Y 22 |
|
|
|
0 |
| Ritharrngu |
No |
|
43 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
45 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
no |
|
|
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Warnman |
No |
|
13 |
Done-Amalia |
|
|
0 |
| Djapu |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bilinarra |
no |
|
5.2.5 |
done |
|
|
0 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
done |
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
No |
|
67 |
Y2 |
|
|
0 |
| Narungga |
Yes |
|
74 |
done |
|
|
1 |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
16 |
|
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
No |
|
77 |
|
|
|
0 |
| Warungu |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
Y2 |
|
|
|
| Yagua |
no |
|
Payne and Payne 1990:361 |
Daniel Smith |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
yes |
O=So |
Ramirez 2001 |
Patience Epps |
|
|
|
