| Cahuilla |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Cupeño |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Luiseño |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Serrano |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kitanemuk |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kawaiisu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Timbisha |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Western Mono |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Chemehuevi |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Paiute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Southern Ute |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Shoshone |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Comanche |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Idaho Shoshone |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Northern Paiute |
yes |
|
|
|
|
|
| Gabrielino |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Achagua |
yes |
The third person has a different form |
Wilson & Levinsohn 1992: 23 |
|
|
|
| Resígaro |
no |
No person marking, only pronominal clitics. |
Allin, 1976: 105, 124, 204, 212 |
|
|
|
| Bare |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 1995: 27 |
|
|
|
| Piapoco |
yes |
|
Galindo, 2002: 162 |
|
|
|
| Yukuna |
no |
Feminine, masculine, and plural affixes on transitive verbs, but these seem to be coreferent with subjects, not objects. |
Shauer & Shauer, 1978: p. 41-42 |
|
|
|
| Yavitero |
yes |
|
Mosonyi, 1987: p. 62 |
|
|
|
| Wapishana |
yes |
|
Santos 2006 |
|
|
|
| Wayuu |
yes |
Verbal suffixes mark objects. |
Mansen & Captain, 2000: p. 803 |
|
|
|
| Tariana |
no |
|
Aikhenvald, 2003: 122, 253-254 |
|
|
|
| Apurinã |
yes |
If the subject or object is deleted or postverbal. |
Facundes, 2000: 466-467 |
|
|
|
| Asheninka Apurucayali |
yes |
Agents are prefixes to the verbs, while objects are suffixes. |
Payne 1983:1619, 2325, 9096 |
|
|
|
| Maipure |
no |
|
Zamponi 2003:21-26 |
|
|
|
| Yanesha' |
yes |
|
Duff-Tripp 1997:75 |
|
|
|
| Kinikinau |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Baure |
yes |
|
Danielsen 2007:92-3 |
|
|
|
| Nanti |
yes |
|
Michael, 2008. p. 267 |
|
|
|
| Paresi |
yes |
It only occurs with third person objects |
Brandão 2010:24 |
|
|
|
| Palikur |
yes |
person suffixes |
Launey 2003:68 |
|
|
|
| Yine |
no |
|
Matteson 1965 |
|
|
|
| Añun |
no |
author does not discuss explicitly. Object seems to be free nominal |
Patte 1989:79 |
|
|
|
| Bora |
no |
|
Seifart - 2005:65-68 |
|
|
|
| Makiritare |
yes |
patient prefixes |
Hall 1988: 287 |
|
|
|
| Makushi |
yes |
|
Abbott 1991: 101 |
|
See chart |
|
| Eñepa |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Pemon |
yes |
|
de Armellada 1999:20-1 |
|
|
|
| Guna |
no |
|
Smith texts |
|
|
|
| Naso |
no |
|
Quesada 2000 |
|
|
|
| Ika |
yes |
|
Frank 1989:20 |
|
|
|
| Kogi |
yes |
|
Ortiz 1994:394 |
|
|
|
| Cabecar |
no |
|
Margery 1985:103 |
|
|
|
| Guaymí |
no |
|
Quesada 2008:99 |
|
|
|
| Damana |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Sikuani |
yes |
objects are prefixed |
Queixalós 2000:575-576 |
|
|
|
| Macaguan |
yes |
prefix, only for 1s |
Buenaventura - 1993:43-46 |
|
|
|
| Aguaruna |
yes |
|
Overall 2007:315, 328-31, 361-5 |
|
|
|
| Northern Emberá |
no |
|
Mortensen 1999:16, 59 |
|
Catío |
|
| Waorani |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Ingá |
no |
except for the situation in which first person acts upon second person in which a single verbal suffix /-iki/ marks both subject and object |
Levinson 1978:13 |
|
|
|
| Matses |
no |
|
Fleck:445 |
|
|
|
| Mapudungun |
yes |
Core participant verbal suffixes are fusional. So, they may convey other maenings as well. |
Zúñiga 2006, p. 114-9 |
|
|
|
| Páez |
no |
|
Jung:74-91 |
|
|
|
| Quechua Ayacuchano |
yes |
|
Parker 1965:23-6 |
|
|
|
| Tikuna |
yes |
But this is restricted to sentences in which the full object NP occurs after the verb. Further, the object marker does not agree in person or number with the full object NP; it just says that the verb has an object |
Montes 2004b:84-85 |
|
|
|
| Urarina |
yes |
But only for human 3p plural objects |
Olawsky:468 |
|
|
|
| Waunana |
no |
|
|
|
|
|
| Andoke |
yes |
|
Landaburu 1979: 218-220 |
|
|
|
| Puinave |
yes |
|
Giron 2008: p169, 206, 228 |
|
|
|
| Central Aymara |
yes |
|
Huayhua Pari 2001: 127 |
|
These are transitional suffixes that mark both subject and object on the verb |
|
| Kakua |
no |
|
Bolaños fieldnotes |
|
|
|
| Kaingang |
no |
no person inflection |
Goncalves 2011 |
|
|
|
| Minica Witoto |
no |
|
Minor and Minor 1982. p.71-82 |
|
|
|
| Hup |
no |
|
Epps 2008 |
|
|
|
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect |
no |
|
Weir 1984 |
|
|
|
| Dâw |
no |
|
Martins 2004 |
|
|
|
| Desano |
no |
|
Miller 1999, p. 125 |
|
|
|
| Cubeo |
no |
|
Morse & Maxwell 1999, p. 110 |
|
|
|
| Kotiria |
no |
|
Stenzel 2007 |
|
|
|
| Makuna |
yes |
|
Smothermon & Smothermon 1993, p.45 |
|
|
|
| Koreguaje |
no |
|
Cook & Criswell 1993, p.53, 89 |
|
|
|
| Barasano |
no |
|
Jones & Jones 1991, p.108 |
|
|
|
| Tanimuca |
yes |
It is also common to have just the object pronoun prefixed to the verb when the subject is a full noun phrase. |
Strom 1992, p.116 |
|
It appears you can have both subj and object marked on verb (just not at the same time) |
|
| Siona |
yes |
|
Wheeler - 1987:124-133 |
|
|
|
| Tukano |
no |
|
West and Welch 2004: 10; Ramirez 1997: 108, 120, 123 |
|
|
|
| Yanomami |
yes |
|
Ramirez 1994 |
|
evidenced by examples throughout |
|
| Ninam |
yes |
1st and 2nd person have special object forms |
Goodwin-Gomez: 47 |
|
|
|
| Sanumá |
yes |
can be omitted |
Borgman 1990: 29 |
|
evidence from examples |
|
| Surui |
yes |
|
Van der Meer (?):9 |
|
|
|
| Karitiana |
no |
|
Everett 2006:343-57 |
|
|
|
| Nheengatu |
yes |
|
Cruz 2011:133-134 |
|
|
|
| Paraguayan Guaraní |
yes |
|
Ayala 1996:46-7 |
|
|
|
| Aché |
no info |
|
|
|
|
|
| Kokama |
no |
|
Vallejos 2010 |
|
|
|
| Nyangumarta |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Jingulu |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Wambaya |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Bunuba |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Walmajarri |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Nyulnyul |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warrwa |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Worrorra |
yes |
|
ms5.1 |
|
|
1 |
| Garrwa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Gooniyandi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Warlpiri |
no |
|
s148-9 |
|
|
0 |
| Bardi |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yugambeh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yorta Yorta |
no |
|
83 |
|
|
0 |
| Yir Yoront |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yindjibarndi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yidiny |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yanyuwa |
yes |
|
106 |
|
|
1 |
| Yandruwandha |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yan-nhangu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yalarnnga |
no |
|
36-50 |
|
|
0 |
| Woiwurrung |
yes |
|
75 |
|
|
1 |
| Wirangu |
No |
|
111 |
|
|
0 |
| Wemba-Wemba |
yes |
|
H 41 |
|
|
1 |
| Warumungu |
yes |
|
27 |
|
|
1 |
| Wangkumara |
no info |
|
|
|
|
X |
| Uradhi |
No |
|
352 |
|
|
0 |
| Paakantyi |
yes |
|
128 |
|
|
1 |
| Pitta-Pitta |
No |
|
201 |
|
|
0 |
| Pintupi |
yes |
|
15; 49; 114-115 |
|
|
1 |
| Nyungar |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Nhanta |
yes |
|
79-80, 121 |
|
|
1 |
| Ngiyambaa |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngayawang |
No |
|
10 |
|
|
0 |
| Muruwari |
yes |
|
109 |
|
|
1 |
| Mpakwithi |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mayi-Yapi |
No |
|
55-60 |
|
|
0 |
| Martuthunira |
no |
|
136-152 |
|
|
0 |
| Marrgany |
No |
|
314 |
|
|
0 |
| Kuuk Thaayorre |
Yes |
|
216 |
|
|
1 |
| Kuku Yalanji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Kugu-Nganhcara |
yes |
|
399 |
|
|
1 |
| Kaurna |
No |
|
16 |
|
|
0 |
| Kalkatungu |
yes |
|
36 |
|
|
1 |
| Jaru |
yes? |
|
124 |
|
|
1 |
| Guugu-Yimidhirr |
No |
|
80 |
|
|
0 |
| Gureng Gureng |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Gupapuyngu |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Gumbaynggirr |
no |
|
291 |
|
|
0 |
| Gugu-Badhun |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yuwaalaraay |
No |
|
51 |
|
|
0 |
| Dyirbal |
No |
|
55 |
|
|
0 |
| Duungidjawu |
no |
|
70 |
|
|
0 |
| Djinang |
Yes |
|
136 |
|
|
1 |
| Djabugay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diyari |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Dharuk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dharawal |
yes |
|
46; 52 |
|
|
1 |
| Darkinyung |
yes |
|
37 |
|
|
1 |
| Bularnu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Biri |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bidjara-Gungabula |
n/a |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Batyala |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Arabana |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Alyawarr |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Nyikina |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yawuru |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ngarinyin |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yulparija |
Yes |
|
30 |
|
|
1 |
| Wathawurrung |
no |
|
82 |
|
|
0 |
| Mathi-Mathi |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Hunter River and Lake Macquarie |
yes |
|
45-7 |
|
|
1 |
| Thanggati |
no |
|
42-3 |
|
|
0 |
| Katthang |
no |
|
63-65 |
|
|
0 |
| Panyjima |
no |
|
169 |
|
|
0 |
| Ngarinyeri |
yes |
|
23 |
|
|
1 |
| Kurrama |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Yingkarta |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Githabul |
No |
|
15 |
|
|
0 |
| Gunya |
yes |
|
324 |
|
|
1 |
| Kunjen |
No |
|
92 |
|
|
0 |
| WesternTorres |
yes |
|
K85c 82 |
|
|
1 |
| Wakaya |
yes |
|
|
|
|
1 |
| Yindjilindji |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bandjalang |
N/A |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ngaatjatjara |
yes |
|
55 |
|
|
1 |
| Arrernte |
No |
|
182 |
|
|
0 |
| Kokatha |
No |
|
3 |
|
|
0 |
| Karajarri |
Yes |
|
227 |
|
|
1 |
| Pitjantjatjara |
Yes |
|
G 124 |
|
|
1 |
| Ritharrngu |
Yes |
|
45 |
|
|
1 |
| Warrgamay |
No |
|
45 |
|
|
0 |
| Warluwarra |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Warnman |
Yes |
|
33 |
|
|
1 |
| Djapu |
no |
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Bilinarra |
no |
|
6.1 |
|
|
0 |
| Wiradjuri |
no info |
|
|
|
|
x |
| Aghu-Tharnggala |
Yes |
|
67 |
|
|
1 |
| Narungga |
Yes |
|
74 |
|
|
1 |
| Tharrkari |
No |
|
16 |
|
|
0 |
| Wajarri |
Yes |
|
77 |
|
|
1 |
| Warungu |
no |
|
253-61 |
|
|
0 |
| Adnyamathanha |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yagua |
yes |
|
Payne and Payne 1990:361 |
|
|
|
| Baniwa |
yes |
|
Ramirez 2001 |
|
|
|
