abalone
- Semantic Field
- flora-fauna
- Part of Speech
- Meaning Spanish
- Meaning Portuguese
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Languages
| Language | Linnean Name | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Etymology Notes | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Range of Term | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | Classifier | Classifier Notes | Hypernym | Source | Association with Social Categories | Ritual/Mythologically Significant | Ritual Notes | Food Source | Food Notes | Medicinal | Medicinal Notes | How Collected | Who Collects | How Prepared | Psychotropic | Psychotropic Notes | Traded | Trade Notes | Distribution | Habitat | Dangerous | Ethnobiology Notes | Species Notes | General Notes |
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Language | Linnean Name | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Etymology Notes | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Range of Term | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | Classifier | Classifier Notes | Hypernym | Source | Association with Social Categories | Ritual/Mythologically Significant | Ritual Notes | Food Source | Food Notes | Medicinal | Medicinal Notes | How Collected | Who Collects | How Prepared | Psychotropic | Psychotropic Notes | Traded | Trade Notes | Distribution | Habitat | Dangerous | Ethnobiology Notes | Species Notes | General Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bankalachi Toloim | Haliotis spp. | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone | Haliotis spp. | missing | inheritance | missing | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Central Sierra Miwok | Haliotis spp. | hás:yny- | abalone | loan | Costanoan | Also in Miss; Mutsun haşʸşʸan (perhaps Utian?) | WW | %kys | other complex | -y nominalizer | Freeland & Broadbent 1960 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemehuevi | Haliotis spp. | pú·taravə | shell of any kind | unique | pu:- probably from *powa (see Mono “olivella” powa); taravV <*ta-ta-pɨ | same | other complex | has -pɨ ABS, stem probably complex | Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chumash Barbareno | Haliotis spp. | qaʃi | abalone | inheritance | Central Chumash only | also in Ineseno, Ventureno | WW | %kys | underived | Beeler 1978:182 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chumash Ineseno | Haliotis spp. | t'aya (kaše Pinart) | abalone | inheritance | Central Chumash only | looks like a “shellfish” word, but probably a mistake, Pinart form is probably right | WW | %kys | underived | Applegate 134; | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chumash Obispeno | Haliotis spp. | tspete7; Lkupekupe | aulon; red abalone (-kupe “red”) | unique | other complex | c-; red abalone is reduplicated, obviously | Harrington III:1:0292 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chumash Ventureno | Haliotis spp. | kaše; t'aja “aulon” JPH | abalone | inheritance | Central Chumash only | Central Chumash | WW | %kys | underived | Heizer/Pinart I:60 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cocopa | Haliotis spp. | şxkwi.l | seashell | unique | Note 'Iipay Aa kwellyhiiw “money” | broader (although I suspect Haliotis or Glycimeris is prototype) | underived | Crawford 1989 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comanche | Haliotis spp. | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cupeño | Haliotis spp. | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Esselen | Haliotis spp. | klači | abalone | unique | Esselen | compares Scr karačmin “crayfish”; seems too semantically distant JHH | underived | Shaul 1988:699 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gabrielino | Haliotis spp. | 7a:po' | ˈʔa:poʔ | aulon | unique | no info | underived | no npn | -hi:n | classifier for worthwhile possessions | Harrington 412 | no info | 2 | shells used for ritual caches and in shell inlays on ritual wands | 1 | no info | gathered (wild) | all | meat cooked, shells saved for containers, ornament | 0 | 1 | shells traded inland | West coast of North America | cold coastal waters | no | |||||||||||||
| Iipay 'Aa | Haliotis spp. | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kawaiisu | Haliotis spp. | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kiliwa | Haliotis spp. | x?al=spa?i | abalone | unique | same | phrase | abalone-seashell (x?al also appears in word for “boss” | Mixco 1985 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kitanemuk | Haliotis spp. | cikarat | ˈʦikarat | shell sp., the beads made from them | loan | Gabrielino | Looks like the Gab. augmentative from cikat “shellfish sp.”, (probably mussel), but this is NOT Gab. word for “abalone” which is 7apo | broader (includes the animal, the shell, and the beads) | other complex | ˈʦikara-t Abalone-npn Note: This is in fact derived: cika-t “shell sp.” -- maybe from Gab. cika-ro-t “big shell”??? But Anderton consideres it a fixed form | -niw "possession, belongings" | possessive classifier for things | Anderton 1988:283 | no info | 2 | ritual objects decorated with Haliotis inlays | 1 | 1 | lime from this shell taken with tobacco in pespibata | N/A | N/A | no info | 0 | 1 | obtained from Chumash | West coast of North America | cold coastal waters | no | ||||||||||
| Lake Miwok | Haliotis spp. | wákkah | abalone | unique | underived | Callaghan 1965 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Luiseño | Haliotis spp. | 7áyla | ʹɁajla | abalone (generic), archaic to Mrs. Hyde, perhaps used in a song. Harrington: Black abalone. | semantic shift | *ayaC | Uto-Aztecan | S2359 “turtle” (Stubbs 2009:316). Problematic, as “tortoise shell” is 'aya-t, which is regular. Why is second vowel lost? Stubbs' etymology may be wrong and this is from Chumash t'-aya (attested in Ineseno (Applegate 134) | narrower (Black abalone only) | other complex | ʹɁaj-la black.abalone-non.possessed.noun | no info | Elliott 1999:163 | no info | 2 | used in shell inlay on ceremonial wands and staffs | 1 | no info | gathered (wild) | no info | fishooks from the “central portions of haliotis shell where the grain twists” (Kroeber 1925:652) Used in shell inlay on ceremonial wands | 0 | 1 | Haliotis shell a well-known trade item; Mojave traders came to Lu. territory as per archaeological evidence, must have sought this | West coast of North America | cold coastal waters | no | |||||||||||
| Maidu | Haliotis spp. | posála | shell of shellfish, hide, skin | unique | There are a bunch of shell words with /po/, bear investigation | other complex | po.- “skin” | Shipley 1963 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mojave | Haliotis spp. | kosov | abalone, hip joint | loan | Takic | Takic *qos- “shell, money” and Cupan *sa(w)pV “shell sp.” | WW | %kys | same | underived | Munro et al.1992 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutsun | Haliotis spp. | haşʸşʸan | abalone shell (Merriam confirms Merriam 55:417; “red abalone” in Pinart's Co III | loan | Chumash | Pmis hás:yny-, perhaps Utian (I have it in Miss, Mics as a Costanoan loan) | WW | %kys | underived | Okrand 1977:42 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nisenan | Haliotis spp. | 7ə:ləw | abalone shell | unique | underived | note 7ələw “necklace” ?? | Uldall & Shipley 1966 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northern Paiute | Haliotis spp. | pooedooa | abalone | unique | first pooe- part is “green”, like in W. Mono puhiGede but note t. Shoshone po'owa “seashell, shell Stubbs 1907 | same | underived | surely some kind of old phrase with green, but unanalyzable second part | Yerington Dictionary | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northern Sierra Miwok | Haliotis spp. | ci:tepa- | abalone shell,clam shell, abalone shell ornament | loan | Plains Miwok | Also in Mip, C says is some doubt as to whether it is Mip word | underived | Callaghan 1987 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plains Miwok | Haliotis spp. | 7atkal | abalone, abalone meat, small shell oysters along American River | inheritance | Eastern Miwokan | In Mins | underived | Callaghan 1984 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salinan A | Haliotis spp. | kc'en | abalones (Black) | loan | Salinan A only | Chumash | not in M; assignment to %kys very tentative! | WW | %kys | underived | Merriam 55:381; Turner 1980:67 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Salinan M | Haliotis spp. | cmaiyík' | abalone | unique | Salinan M only | Not in A (maybe) | underived | Mason 1918:123 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seri (Comcaac) | Haliotis spp. | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Serrano | Haliotis spp. | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southern Paiute | Haliotis spp. | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southern Sierra Miwok | Haliotis spp. | has:yn- | abalone shell | loan | Costanoan | Also in Mics; Mutsun haşʸşʸan | WW | %kys | underived | Broadbent 1964: | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Southern Ute | Haliotis spp. | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tübatulabal | Haliotis spp. | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tümpisa Shoshone | Haliotis spp. | po'owa | seashell, shell | inheritance | *po'owa | Western & Central Numic | W. Mono “olivella”; Stubbs 1907 (2008:267); is this really cognate? | same | underived | Dayley 1989:220 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wappo | Haliotis spp. | híle | abalone (CHM confirms 52:577) | unique | underived | Sawyer 1965 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Washo | Haliotis spp. | madáp | abalone shell | unique | underived | WPD | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Western Mono | Haliotis spp. | puhiGede | abalone shell | unique | Maybe a compound: Green-money (from *koCti) | same | phrase | puhi “green”?? remainder unanalyzable | Bethel et al.:156 | no info | 2 | 1 | 1 | “ground up and used as a poison” | trade | men | no info | 0 | 1 | used as money | no | |||||||||||||||||
| Wintu | Haliotis spp. | L'al | shell of any animal; abalone, etc. | inheritance | *L'al | Wintun | Shepherd 2005 | underived | Pitkin 1985 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yavapai | Haliotis spp. | hàlkrâ:pa | blue-green seashell | unique | unknown | Shaterian 1983 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yokuts Palewyami | Haliotis spp. | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yokuts Yawdanchi | Haliotis spp. | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yokuts Yowlumne | Haliotis spp. | dap | abalone (Haliotis) | unique | NOT Chumash OR Salinan; perhaps related to the “leaf” word dapdap??? | same | underived | Kroeber 1961:220 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yuki | Haliotis spp. | paaNt-am B | N is raised n | abalone | inheritance | *pət'am | Yukian | Schlichter 1985 | other complex | -am derives nouns | Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Yuma | Haliotis spp. | missing | missing | missing | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | no |
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