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Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors
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Languages
Ethnographic Features
Lexical Features
Grammatical Features
Languages
456 languages in 55 families
North America
South America
Australia
North America
Chumash
(5)
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Hokan
(2)
Esselen
Washo
Isolate (NAM)
(5)
Salinan A
Salinan M
Seri (Comcaac)
Wappo
Yuki
Penutian
(13)
Central Sierra Miwok
Lake Miwok
Maidu
Mutsun
Nisenan
Northern Sierra Miwok
Plains Miwok
Southern Sierra Miwok
Wintu
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yawelmani
Yokuts Yowlumne
Uto-Aztecan
(20)
Bankalachi Toloim
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Cahuilla
Chemehuevi
Comanche
Cupeño
Gabrielino
Idaho Shoshone
Kawaiisu
Kitanemuk
Luiseño
Northern Paiute
Serrano
Shoshone
Southern Paiute
Southern Ute
Timbisha
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Western Mono
Yuman
(6)
Cocopa
Iipay 'Aa
Kiliwa
Mojave
Yavapai
Yuma
South America
Araucanian
(1)
Mapudungun
Arawakan
(35)
Achagua
Añun
Apurinã
Asháninka
Asheninka Apurucayali
Bahuana
Baniwa
Bare
Baure
Caquinte
Ignaciano
Iñapari
Kabiyari
Kinikinau
Lokono
Machiguenga
Maipure
Mandawaka
Manxineri
Nanti
Nomatsigenga
Palikur
Paresi
Piapoco
Resígaro
Tariana
Trinitario
Wapishana
Warekena do Xié
Waurá
Wayuu
Yanesha'
Yavitero
Yine
Yukuna
Arawan
(6)
Banawa
Dení
Jarawara
Kulina
Paumarí
Soruahá
Aymaran
(1)
Central Aymara
Barbacoan
(3)
Awa Pit
Cha'palaa
Tsafiki
Boran
(2)
Bora
Muinane
Cahuapanan
(2)
Jebero
Shawi
Cariban
(20)
Akawaio
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect
Apalai
Carijona
Eñepa
Kalapalo
Kariña
Makiritare
Makushi
Mapoyo
Maquiritari
Panare
Pemon
Tiriyó
Trió
Wai Wai
Waimiri Atroari
Wayana
Yabarana
Yukpa
Chapakuran
(4)
Kitemoka
Moré
Tapakura
Wari
Chibchan
(16)
Barí
Boruca
Bribri
Cabecar
Damana
Dorasque
Guatuso
Guaymí
Guna
Ika
Kogi
Muisca
Naso
Pech
Rama
Tunebo
Chicham (Jivaroan)
(5)
Aguaruna
Ashuar
Huambisa
Shiwiar
Shuar
Chocoan
(4)
Embera
Epena
Northern Emberá
Waunana
Chonan
(2)
Selknam
Tehuelche
Guahiban
(5)
Cuiva
Guayabero
Macaguan
Playero
Sikuani
Guaicuruan
(3)
Mocoví
Pilagá
Toba
Harakmbut
(2)
Amarakaeri
Huachapaeri
Isolate (SAM)
(28)
A'ɨwa
Aikanã
Andoke
Arutani
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Cayuvava
Cofán
Hodï
Itonama
Kanoê
Kwazá
Máku
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Muniche
Omurano
Páez
Puinave
Pumé
Sape
Taushiro
Tinigua
Trumai
Urarina
Waorani
Warao
Yurakare
Kakua-Nukakan
(2)
Kakua
Nukak
Katukinan
(1)
Kanamarí
Kawesqaran
(1)
Qawasqar
Macro-Jean
(7)
Arikapu
Canela
Djeoromitxi
Kaingang
Karajá
Rikbaktsa
Suyá
Mascoyan
(3)
Lengua
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Matacoan
(4)
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Maca
Nivaclé
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Misumalpan
(1)
Miskitu
Naduhupan
(5)
Dâw
Hup
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Yuhup
Nambikwaran
(1)
Sabane
Panoan
(13)
Amawaka
Chácobo
Kakataibo
Kapanawa
Kashibo
Katukina
Kaxarari
Marubo
Matis
Matses
Pacahuara
Shipibo-Konibo
Yaminahua
Peba-Yaguan
(1)
Yagua
Quechuan
(4)
Ingá
Napo Lowland Quichua
Quechua Ayacuchano
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Saliban
(3)
Mako
Piaroa
Sáliva
Tacanan
(5)
Araona
Cavineña
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Tacana
Tikuna-Juri
(1)
Tikuna
Tukanoan
(20)
Bará
Barasano
Carapana
Cubeo
Desano
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kueretu
Maihiki
Makuna
Secoya
Siona
Siriano
Tanimuca
Tatuyo
Tukano
Tuyuka
Waikhana
Waimaja
Yuruti
Tupian
(27)
Aché
Akuntsu
Aruá
Chiriguano
Emerillon
Gavião
Guarayu
Kamayurá
Karitiana
Karo
Kokama
Makuráp
Mawé
Mekéns
Mundurukú
Nheengatu
Paraguayan Guaraní
Parintintin
Pauserna
Puruborá
Sirionó
Surui
Tupari
Tupinamba
Urubu-Ka'apor
Wayampi
Wayoro
Uru-Chipayan
(1)
Chipaya
Witotoan
(4)
Minica Witoto
Murui Witoto
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Yanomaman
(4)
Ninam
Sanumá
Yanomam
Yanomami
Zamucoan
(1)
Ayoreo
Zaparoan
(4)
Andoa
Arabela
Iquito
Záparo
Australia
Bunuban
(2)
Bunuba
Gooniyandi
Gunwinyguan
(3)
Ngandi
Rembarrnga
Wubuy
Isolate (AUS)
(1)
Wardaman
Jarakan
(3)
Gajirrabeng
Kija
Miriwung
Maningrida
(1)
Burarra
Mirndi
(2)
Jaminjung
Jingulu
Nyulnyulan
(9)
Bardi
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jawi
Ngumbarl
Nimanburru
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Warrwa
Yawuru
Pama-Nyungan
(51)
Arabana
Dhangu
Dhay’yi
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djinang
Gumatj
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Guugu-Yimidhirr
Jaru
Karajarri
Koko-Bera
Kuku-Thaypan
Kuku-Yalanji
Kurtjar
Kuuk Thaayorre
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mbabaram
Mithaka
Mudburra
Ngamini
Ngarluma
Nhirrpi
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Nyangumarta
Paakantyi
Pakanh
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Tjaapukay
Uw-Olkol
Uw-Oykangand
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Warlpiri
Wik Ngathan
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yarluyandi
Yawarrawarrka
Yidiny
Yir-Yoront
Unknown Australia
(76)
Adnyamathanha
Aghu-Tharnggala
Alyawarr
Arrernte
Bandjalang
Batyala
Bidjara-Gungabula
Bilinarra
Biri
Bularnu
Darkinyung
Dharawal
Dharuk
Djabugay
Duungidjawu
Dyirbal
Garrwa
Githabul
Gugu-Badhun
Gumbaynggirr
Gunya
Gureng Gureng
Guugu Yimidhirr
Hunter River and Lake Macquarie
Kalkatungu
Katthang
Kaurna
Kokatha
Kugu-Nganhcara
Kuku Yalanji
Kunjen
Kurrama
Marrgany
Martuthunira
Mathi-Mathi
Mayi-Yapi
Mpakwithi
Muruwari
Narungga
Ngaatjatjara
Ngarinyeri
Ngayawang
Ngiyambaa
Nhanta
Nyungar
Panyjima
Pintupi
Pitjantjatjara
Thanggati
Tharrkari
Uradhi
Wajarri
Wakaya
Wambaya
Wangkumara
Warluwarra
Warnman
Warrgamay
Warumungu
Warungu
Wathawurrung
Wemba-Wemba
WesternTorres
Wiradjuri
Wirangu
Woiwurrung
Yalarnnga
Yanyuwa
Yindjibarndi
Yindjilindji
Yingkarta
Yir Yoront
Yorta Yorta
Yugambeh
Yulparija
Yuwaalaraay
Worrorran
(5)
Gunin
Ngarinyin
Unggumi
Worrorra
Wunambal