| agile wallaby, river wallaby |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Macropus agilis |
kulárr; ming- |
ming-kulárr |
wallaby |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ant (generic) |
hormiga |
formiga |
flora-fauna |
|
Formicidae |
KANTÁRR & MAKÉRR |
KANTÁRR & MAKÉRR |
RED ANT & TINY BLACK ANTS |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Australian pelican |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Pelecanus conspicillatus |
máthvrr; mi- |
mi-máthvrr |
pelican |
inheritance |
*maacurr |
pPaman |
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Australian snubfin dolphin |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Orcaella heinsohnii |
KUTHÉLTHVW; KO- |
KO-KUTHÉLTHVW |
PORPOISE, DOLPHIN |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| baler shell |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Melo amphora |
kont & MILPÁR |
kont & MILPÁR |
baler shell |
inheritance |
*kunti |
pNortheast |
|
Most reflexes mean 'house', but 'clamshell' and 'vagina' are among the others. Poss. pPama-Nyungan. |
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| barn owl |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Tyto alba |
CHIW; MINY- |
MIÑ-CIW |
BARN OWL, TYTO ALBA |
inheritance |
*ciwa |
pPama-Maric |
|
Poss. pPama-Nyungan; attested in Pitta-Pitta & Duungidjawu. Poss. sound-symbolism problem (see YYoront entry) |
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| barramundi |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Lates calcarifer |
mvnychén; ko- |
ko-mvñcén |
barramundi |
inheritance |
*muñcin |
pPaman |
|
Poss. Local; only other attestation is Wik Ngathan. |
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| bat |
murciélago |
morcego |
flora-fauna |
|
Chiroptera spp |
MEL, MI- |
MI-MEL |
BAT |
inheritance |
*mali |
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| bindii, caltrop |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Tribulus terrestris |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| bird |
pajaro, ave |
passaro |
flora-fauna |
|
|
celc; miñ- |
miñ-celc |
bird (small) |
inheritance |
*culci |
Local |
|
|
|
|
general term for any small bird sp |
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| black-breasted buzzard |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Hamirostra melanosternon |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| black-faced cuckoo-shrike |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Coracina novaehollandiae |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| black-headed python |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Aspidites melanocephalus |
YVLÉNGVRR; MINY- |
MIÑ-YVLÉNGVRR |
BLACK-HEADED PYTHON |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| black-soil yam |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Ipomoea diamantinensis |
THALNGKÉR; MA- |
MA-THALNGKÉR |
IPOMOEA GRAMINEA |
unique |
|
|
|
resembles thelngkér 'lotus' (Nelumbo) |
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| bloodwood |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Eucalyptus (Corymbia) bleeseri |
pvrréchvl; yok- |
yok-pvrrécvl |
bloodwood (long-fruited), Eucalyptus polycarpa |
inheritance |
*parricVl |
pYirrka-KKaper |
|
Protoform is poss. *purricVl |
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| blowfly maggots |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Diptera, Sarcophagidae |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| blue-tongue lizard |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Tiliqua species |
pvngkérr; mim- |
mim-pvngkérr |
blue-tongue lizard |
inheritance |
*pangkarra |
pPama-Nyungan |
|
Probably much undetected borrowing (poss. through English) in this etymon. |
WW |
%pangkarra |
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| blue-winged kookaburra |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Dacelo leachii |
WAKÉL; (MI-) |
(MI-) WAKÉL |
KOOKABURRA, DACELO SP. |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| bluebone |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Choerodon cyanodus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| brolga |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Grus rubicunda |
pankéw(, mim-) |
(mim-)pankéw |
brolga |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| brown goshawk |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Accipiter fasciatus |
CHIMÉCHIMVL |
CIMÉCIMVL |
COLLARED SPARROWHAWK (?), ACCIPITER CIRRHOCEPHALUS |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
reduplication |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| brush-tailed possum |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Trichosurus vulpecula |
welmp; mi- |
mi-welmp |
possum |
inheritance |
*wulmpi |
pPaman |
|
Poss. *wulnpi |
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| bush cockroach |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
(many species) |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| bush stone-curlew |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Burhinus grallarius |
WARRMPÉR; MI- |
MI-WARRMPÉR |
CURLEW (BURHINUS SP.) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| bush tobacco |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Lobelia quadrangularis |
yok |
yok |
tobacco (Nicotiana, not Lobelia) |
semantic shift |
|
|
|
*yuku 'Tree' (etc.) for 'tobacco' is widespread in this area. |
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| bush turkey, Australian bustard |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Ardeotis australis |
pelngkél; mim- |
mim-pelngkél |
turkey |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| bush yam |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Vigna lanceolata var. lanceolata |
wáñcvpv (; ma-) |
(ma-) wáñcvpv |
yam, Dioscorea bulbifera |
loan direction unknown |
|
|
areal |
As far north as Wik-Mungknh |
|
|
Dioscorea, NOT Vigna or Ipomoea |
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| butterfly, moth |
mariposa |
borboleta |
flora-fauna |
|
Lepidoptera |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| caterpillar |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Lepidoptera |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| catfish |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
(many species) |
karréngkvrr; ko- & wvrrkérrvm (; ko-) |
ko-karréngkvrr & (ko-) wvrrkérrvm |
catfish (sp., freshwater) & catfish (sp., saltwater) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| centipede |
ciempiés |
centopéia |
flora-fauna |
|
Chilopoda, Myriapoda |
márngacím |
márngacím |
centipede |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
compound |
Simplex (not clear whether divisible as mar-ngacîm or not)? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| channel-billed cuckoo |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Scythops novaehollandiae |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| crested pigeon |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Ocyphaps lophotes |
MONGKÓRRVMPVL; MI- |
MI-MONGKÓRRVMPVL |
SQUATTER PIGEON, GEOPHAPS SCRIPTA |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| darter/cormorant |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Anhinga melanogaster, Phalacrocorax species |
KACÁRR; MING- & NGUM; MI- & karrkáw; ming- |
MING-KACÁRR & MI-NGUM & ming-karrkáw |
BLACK SHAG, ANHINGA MELANOGASTER & shag, diver, PHALACROCORAX SP. & diver |
inheritance |
*ngulma |
Local, poss. pPaman |
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| death adder, five-minute snake |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Acanthophis praelongus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| dingo |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Canis familiaris dingo |
KUTÉW PAWVLÉM |
KUTÉW PAWVLÉM |
DINGO |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
compound |
genus-species |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| dog (camp, domestic) |
perro |
cachorro |
flora-fauna |
|
Canis familiaris |
kutéw |
kutéw |
dog |
inheritance |
*kutaka |
pPaman |
|
Poss. Eastern; poss. < 'koala'. |
|
|
Also 'horse' |
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| duck |
pato |
pato, marreco |
flora-fauna |
|
Anatidae |
pvrrénychvl; mim- & trrakéylvy; min- |
mim-pvrréñcvl & min-trrakéylvy |
whistle duck & Burdekin duck |
inheritance |
*pirriñcVl & *tirrkal |
Local (both) |
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
both |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| dugong |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Dugon dugong |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| earthworm |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Annelida, Oligochaeta |
MURRNGK |
MURRNGK |
EARTHWORM |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| emu |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Dromaius novaehollandiae |
parráy; mim- |
mim-parráy |
emu |
inheritance |
*purriwi |
pPaman |
|
Problematic |
|
|
Syn. punhth-thápvl & miñ-warr-thápvl |
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| fish (generic) |
pez |
peixe |
flora-fauna |
|
|
koy |
koy |
fish |
inheritance |
*kuyu |
pPama-Nyungan |
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| flower |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
(NA) |
PÍMPVM(P) |
PÍMPVM(P) |
FLOWER, BLOSSOM |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| blowfly/housefly |
mosca |
mosca |
flora-fauna |
|
Diptera |
werrpér |
werrpér |
fly |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| flying-fox (generic) |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
(many species) |
KUMPÁRR; MING- & KEMP; MING- |
MING-KUMPÁRR & MING-KEMP |
BLACK FLYING FOX (KUMPÁRR) & RED FLYING FOX (KEMP) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| freshwater crocodile |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Crocodylus johnstoni |
trrényvl; min- |
min-trréñvl |
freshwater crocodile |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| freshwater mussel |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Velesunio wilsoni |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| freshwater prawn |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Macrobrachium rosenbergii |
WAKÉL |
WAKÉL |
WHITE CRAYFISH (I.E. PRAWN?) |
Inheritance |
*wakal |
pPama-Nyungan |
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| frill-necked lizard |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Chlamydosaurus kingii |
pvnhthél; mim- |
mim-pvnhthél |
frill lizard |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| frog (generic) |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
(many species) |
KOW-KACHÁL & thenpén |
KOW-KACÁL & thenpén |
GREEN FROG & GREEN TREE FROG, bullfrog |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Also ko-kacál 'long-nose frog', a sp. name sometimes used as a generic |
compound |
stress-second compound; thenpén is simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| turtle (generic) |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
(many species) |
pángarr; mim- |
mim-pángarr |
turtle (sp. undetermined) |
inheritance |
*pangVrr |
pSWPaman |
|
KThaay to Kurrtjar along the coast; not inland |
|
|
Poss. prototypical, but definitely one sp. among several; wárrvñ 'turtle shell' is poss. criterial for turtles as a taxon |
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ghost gum |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Eucalyptus papuana (Corymbia bella) |
KAKÉRNTVY; YOK- |
YOK-KAKÉRNTVY |
WHITE GUM, GHOST GUM, EUCALYPTUS PAPUANA |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Also applied to box wood (E. tectifica) |
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| goanna (generic) or sand goanna |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Varanus spp |
thukárr; minh- |
minh-thukárr |
goanna (sp not determined, but not qualified as 'small' or 'water') |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| grass |
hierba, pasto |
capim, grama |
flora-fauna |
|
(NA) |
pukán |
pukán |
grass |
inheritance |
*pukan |
pPaman |
|
Also in Warrgamay; as *puka attested in Karnic |
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| grasshopper |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Orthoptera |
PÉNGKVLPARVNY |
PÉNGKVLPARVÑ |
grasshopper |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| great bowerbird |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Chlamydera nuchalis |
THÚRVRR; (MINH-) |
(MINH-) THÚRRVR |
bower bird (Chlamydera nuchalis) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| green ant |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Oecophylla smaragdina |
PVYÁRR |
PVYÁRR |
green ant |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| green sea turtle |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Chelonia mydas |
PONGKÓ(WV)L; MIM- |
MIM-PONGKÓ(WV)L |
SEA TURTLE |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| green tree snake |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Dendrelaphis punctulata |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| head/body lice |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Pediculus capitis, Pediculus humanus |
kot |
kot |
louse |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| horse |
caballo |
cavalho |
flora-fauna |
|
Equus caballus |
yárrvmvn ~ kutéw |
yárrvmvn ~ kutéw |
horse ~ horse, dog |
loan |
|
|
languages to south and east |
/kutéw/ as for dog; /yarrvmvn/ is loan |
WW |
%yarraman |
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| hummingbird |
colibrí, picaflor (Peru) |
beija-flor |
flora-fauna |
|
Trochilidae |
missing |
missing |
BANANA BIRD, ENTOMYOZON CYANOTIS |
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| humpback whale |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Megaptera novaeangliae |
NGULM |
NGULM |
WHALE |
unique |
|
|
|
Poss. to *ngulma (KKaper ngum 'diver') |
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| insect (generic) |
insecto |
insecto |
flora-fauna |
|
generic |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| jungle-fowl (scrub-fowl) |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Megapodius freycinet |
kúntvrrvmp; ming- |
ming-kúntvrrvmp |
bush turkey |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| kangaroo (generic) |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Macropodidae |
yoméch; miñ- |
miñ-yoméc |
kangaroo |
loan direction unknown |
|
|
Yirrk-Mel |
Not clear which lg. is loan source, but more likely guess is KKaper; in YMel yo-mec is a stress-second compound |
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| land snail |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Gastropoda |
MONGÓRR & MONGKÓNT |
MONGÓRR & MONGKÓNT |
SNAIL OR SNAIL-LIKE ANIMAL |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| magpie goose |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Anseranas semipalmata |
MAPÉNGKVY; MI- |
MI-MAPÉNGKVY |
MAGPIE GOOSE |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| military dragon |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Ctenophorus isolepis, Diporiphora spp., Lophognathus spp. |
kálchvrr; ming- |
ming-kálcvrr |
lizard sp (small; house) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| mosquito |
mosquito, zancudo |
mosquito, carapana |
flora-fauna |
|
Anopheles spp, Isoptera |
kongól |
kongól |
mosquito |
inheritance |
*kungulu |
pPaman |
|
Has cognates in Tangkic |
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| mud wasp, hornet |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
(many species) |
MARRPÉNGKVL & PÍRVNY |
MARRPÉNGKVL & PÍRVÑ |
WASP (?) & HORNET |
unique |
|
|
|
/pirvny/ < pPama-Maric *piiran(y), Prblem with final *n vs *ñ. BAlpher recorded pirvñ as 'march fly' |
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| native bee |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
(many species) |
rrelmpélvny; ma- |
ma-rrelmpélvñ |
sugarbag |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
compound |
compound Stress-second compound? Or simplex? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| native cat |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Dasyurus |
wvrrémpvr; mi- |
mi-wvrrémpvr |
native cat |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| northern brown bandicoot |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Isoodon macrourus |
mukár; mi- |
mi-mukár |
bandicoot |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| northern kurrajong |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Brachychiton diversifolius |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| nut tree |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Terminalia grandifolia |
PÉLPVKUR; YOK-/MA- & NGARPÉNYCHVL; (YOK-) |
YOK-/MA-PÉLPVKUR & (YOK-) NGARPÉÑCVL |
PLUM TREE, TERMINALIA SUBACROPTERA & WILD PASSIONFRUIT TREE, T. PLATYPHYLLA |
unique |
|
|
|
/pelpvkur/ is a loan in YYoront -- probably not for ths sp. |
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| octopus |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Octopus australis |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| pandanus palm |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Pandanus spiralis |
maléng |
maléng |
pandanus |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| paperbark |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Melaleuca sericea, Melaleuca stenostachya |
PETH; (YOK-) & pvlépvlvñ |
(YOK-) PETH & pvlépvlvñ |
PAPERBARK TREE & BARK, MELALEUCA STENOSTACHYA & M. DEALBATA |
inheritance |
*puyku |
pPama-Nyungan |
|
Speculative (via intermediate *pucu); KKaper /e/ not accounted for. |
|
|
|
simplex |
/pvllépvlèñ/ is reduplication |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| peaceful dove |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Geopelia placida |
KÓTHVW; MING- |
MING-KÓTHVW |
PEACEFUL DOVE, GEOPELIA SP. |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| pearlshell |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Pinctada spp |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| peewee |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Gryllina cyanoleuca |
kutílutìk; ming- & PÍTVL; MIM- |
kutíkutìk; ming- & MIM-PÍTVL |
peewee |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| pied butcherbird |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Cracticus nigrogularis |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| pike eel |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Muraenesox arabicus |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| praying mantis, stick insects |
mantis religiosa |
louva-a-deus |
flora-fauna |
|
Mantodea |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| prickle bush |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Sclerolaena bicornis |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| quail (generic) |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Coturnix species, Turnix species |
KÉLVNY; MING- & LÓRRVY; MIN- |
MING-KÉLVÑ & MIN-LÓRRVY |
QUAIL (TURNIX OR COTURNIX SP.) |
unique |
|
|
|
/lorrvy/: probable loan; YY 'lorriyvl/ 'quail spp' presumed as source in view of scarcity of initial /l/ in KKaper |
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| red river gum |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Eucalyptus camaldulensis |
PORKÓN; YOK- |
YOK-PORKÓN |
EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS |
inheritance |
*porko+ |
pYirrka-KKaper |
|
|
|
|
Also applied to E. grandifolia?? |
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| red-tailed black-cockatoo |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Calyptorhynchus banksi |
KÁRRVNGK; MING- |
MING-KÁRRVNGK |
RED-TAILED BLACK COCKATOO |
inheritance |
*karrangka |
pPama-Maric |
|
Local? Other attestation is in Guwa |
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| riflefish, archerfish |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Toxotes chatareus |
pvntálvy |
pvntálvy |
riflefish |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| river mangrove |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Aegicera corniculatum |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| rock fig |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Ficus brachypoda |
KÓLVNG; YOK-MA- & KOMíNYCHVL; YOK- & YANGÁR; (YOK-) |
YOK-/MA-KÓLVNG & YOK-KOMÍÑCVL & (YOK-) YANGÁR |
FIG, FICUS RACEMOSA & SANDPAPER FIG, F. OPPOSITA & BANYAN FIG, F. VIRENS |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
/komónychvl/ is poss/ stress-second compound |
|
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|
|
| sacred kingfisher |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Todiramphus sancta |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
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|
| saltwater crocodile |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Crocodylus porosus |
pvrrchérr; mim- |
mim-pvrrcérr |
saltwater crocodile |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
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|
| saltwater mussel |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Mytilidae |
RRAPÉRR |
RRAPÉRR |
SEA MUSSEL |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
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|
simplex |
|
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|
| sawfish |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Pristis pectinata |
WARRÉKAN; (KO-) |
(KO-) WARRÉKAN |
SAWFISH |
unique |
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|
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|
simplex |
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| scorpion |
escorpión; alacran |
escorpião |
flora-fauna |
|
Arachnida, Scorpiones |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
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|
| shark (generic) |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Selachimorpha |
kanhthérr; ko- |
ko-kanhthérr |
shark (sp. not identified; not generic) |
unique |
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|
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|
simplex |
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| shell (generic) |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
|
WARNYÉL |
WARÑÉL |
SHELL |
unique |
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|
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|
simplex |
? |
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|
|
| short-beaked echidna |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Tachyglossus aculeatus |
thvmél+thàmpmvr kàlk-ków; minh- |
minh-thvmél+thàmpmvr kàlk-ków |
echidna |
calque |
|
|
|
Calque statues attributed on basis of /kalk/ 'spear'; there is much more material in this word |
|
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|
compound |
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| snake (generic) |
culebra, serpiente |
cobra |
flora-fauna |
|
|
missing |
|
|
missing |
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| snappy gum |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Eucalyptus brevifolia |
missing |
|
|
missing |
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| spider |
araña |
aranha |
flora-fauna |
|
Arachnida, Araneae |
márvl |
márvl |
spider |
unique |
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|
simplex |
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| spinifex |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Triodia species |
missing |
|
|
missing |
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|
| spoonbills (yellow-billed spoonbill, black-billed spoonbill) |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Platalea flavipes, Platalea regia |
KÓPVLPVRVNY; MING- |
MING-MÓPVLPVRVÑ |
SPOONBILL, PLATALEA SP. |
unique |
|
|
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|
simplex |
? |
|
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|
|
| stingray (generic) |
rayas látigo, raya |
arraia |
flora-fauna |
|
Dasyatidae |
CHERNT; KO- & PONGKÓM; KO- |
KO-CHERNT & KO-PONGKÓM |
STINGRAY |
unique |
|
|
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|
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|
|
simplex |
|
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|
|
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|
|
| stripe-faced dunnart |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Sminthopsis macroura |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
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|
| sugarbag wax |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
|
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
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|
|
| sulphur-crested cockatoo |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Cacatua galerita |
YIRRKÁY; MINY- |
MIÑ-YIRRKÁY |
sulphur-crested cockatoo, Cacatua galerita |
unique |
|
|
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|
simplex |
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|
| swamp eel |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Ophisternon gutturale |
missing |
|
|
missing |
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|
| swamp leech |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Annelida, Hirudinea |
mimér & MARÉNYVMVRVNY |
mimér & MARÉNYVMVRVÑ |
leech |
inheritance |
*mimir |
pYirrka-KKaper |
|
|
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|
|
simplex |
|
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|
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|
|
| tawny frogmouth |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Podargus strigoides |
PÚRULP; MIM- |
MIM-PÚRULP |
TAWNY FROGMOUTH, PODARGUS STRIGOIDES |
unique |
|
|
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|
|
|
simplex |
|
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|
|
| termite mounds, ant hills |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Isoptera |
rrvpén & tampánvng & parmán |
rrvpén & tampánvng & parmán |
antbed & antbed (big, grows around tree) & antbed (black, grows on tree) |
inheritance |
*tipa+ |
pPama-Nyungan |
|
(rrvpén) |
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
tampánvng used to hold heat for earth-oven |
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
| termites, white-ants |
comején (Peru), termitas |
cupim |
flora-fauna |
|
(many species) |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
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|
| ti-tree |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Melaleuca bracteata |
|
|
|
missing |
|
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|
| tick |
garrapata |
carrapato |
flora-fauna |
|
Arachnida, Acarina |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
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|
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|
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|
|
| tiger shark |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Galeocerdo cuvier |
NGAMÉLNGAN |
NGAMÉLNGAN |
SHARK, E.G. TIGER SHARK |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| torresian crow |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Corvus orru |
wárkvl; mi- |
mi-wárkvl |
crow |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| tree |
árbol |
arvore |
flora-fauna |
|
(NA) |
yok |
yok |
tree, stick |
inheritance |
*yuku |
pPaman |
|
Poss. pPama-Nyungan |
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| waterlily |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Nymphaea macrosperma |
pínmvkàrrvng; ma- |
ma-pínmvkàrrvng |
lily (sweet white [Nymphaea sp]) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
compound |
?? |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| wattle |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Acacia difficilis |
KARKÁYVRR; YOK- |
YOK-KARKÁYVRR |
WATTLE, ACACIA HOLOSERICEA |
unique |
|
|
|
Poss. to YYoront kayrr 'A. holoserica' or kayar (indeterminate Leguminosae), < poss. *ka:(r)kayarr |
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| wedge-tailed eagle |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Aquila audax |
KUTHÉL, MING- |
MING-KUTHÉL |
WEDGE-TAILED EAGLE, AQUILA AUDAX |
inheritance |
|
|
|
|
WW |
%kucala |
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| willie wagtail |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Rhipidura leucophrys |
RRICHÉ(R)NTVY; MIN- |
MIN-RRICHÉ(R)NTVY |
WILLIE WAGTAIL |
unique |
|
|
|
??? |
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| witchetty grub |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
(many species) |
MANÁNYCH |
MANÁÑC |
GRUB SP (EDIBLE) |
unique |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
simplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| woma |
|
|
flora-fauna |
|
Aspidites ramsayii |
missing |
|
|
missing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
