Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

frog (generic)

Semantic Field: flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
Meaning Portuguese

Sorry, we have no imagery here.

Languages

Copy CSV

Search:

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

Language	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Traded	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous
Bankalachi Toloim		oo'-koo-koo		Frog	loan			Yokuts	Yowlumne o-gŏ-ko; ho-gŏ-ko “toad”, Palewyami oo-koo'-ko “frog” (so Proto-Yokutsan)			same	underived	presumably onomatopoeic in Yokuts				C. H. Merriam 72-79, 60-463		2		2		0				0	0			no
Bardi	(many species)	garrjarl	garrjarl		unique								underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone		pa-jakkosa, pa-jakwaca, waako (bullfrog at Duckwater)		frog, )M:Frog (Rana)	inheritance				-jakwaca with pa- "water"	WW	%wakat	same	phrase	water-?				Crapo 1976;134		2		2		0				0	0			no
Bunuba	(many species)	balngawuna	balngawuna		loan			Jaru					underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Burarra	(many species)	bogaboga	bogaboga		unknown								reduplicated							0		0		0				0	0			no
Cahuilla		wáxačilʸ	ˈwaxaʧiʎ	frog	inheritance	*wakaC-ta	Uto-Aztecan		S940 (Stubbs 2009:157); Tarahumara 7awaka seems OK in this set	WW	%wakat	broader (includes “toad” according to Merriam notes)	other complex	ˈwaxaʧi-ʎ (-ʧi-ʎ is cognate with Numic diminutives, but frozen and non-productive in Takic)	-7aʃ “pet”	possessive classifier --7aʃ (probably)		Seiler&Hioki 1979:233	no info	2	Instrumental in death of creator (Seiler 1970:50-51)	2	Bean 1972 does not include frogs in his list of animals eaten	no info	no info	no info	no info	0	0	All Americas	Wetlands, lakes and streams	no
Central Sierra Miwok		waTăksa7ji-		frog	inheritance	*waTa:k	Miwokan		Callaghan 2001:326; note Pwintu wataq ; but onomatopoeic “susceptible to borrowing”	WW	%wakat		other complex	-sa7-ji is suffix complex				Freeland & Broadbent 1960		2		2		0				0	0			no
Chemehuevi		wagátatsI		Frog sp.	inheritance	wakatta/wakaN-ta	Proto-Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 940 (2008:157)	WW	%wakat	same	other complex	wagáta-tsI				Merriam 59:535		2		2		0				0	0			no
Chumash Barbareno		waq'aq'		frog	inheritance		Proto-Chumash		Obispeno weqeq	WW	%wakat		reduplicated					Ono 124, Beeler 1978:188		2		2		0				0	0			no
Chumash Ineseno		wah-kahk'		frog	inheritance	*waqaq	Proto-Chumash		Obispeno weqeq	WW	%wakat		reduplicated					Merriam 55:17		2		2		0				0	0			no
Chumash Obispeno		weqeq		frog	inheritance	*waqaq	Proto-Chumash		widespread areal form, but NOT regular inside Chumash so diversely loaned?	WW	%wakat		reduplicated					Turner 1983:236		2		2		0				0	0			no
Chumash Ventureno		xwetet; JPH waqaq from FL		frog (Merriam confirms)	unique					WW	%wakat		underived					Mamet 2008:92; JPH III:69:0081		2		2		0				0	0			no
Cocopa		xanyá		frog	inheritance		Proto-Yuman		resemblant M. hanye -- probably cognate but I'm not sure			same	underived					Crawford 1989		2		2		0				0	0			no
Comanche		pohpi kwáai; Rejon pasauiyió 29 (pasawii?o?)		frog	unique							same	finite clause?	jumping goes (R&A)				Robinson & Armagost 1990:162		2		2		0				0	0			no
Cupeño		waxachily	ˈwaxaʧiʎ	frog	inheritance	*wakaC-ta	Uto-Aztecan		S940 (Stubbs 2009:157); Tarahumara 7awaka seems OK in this set			same	other complex	ˈwaxaʧi-ʎ frog-npn (root contains unproductive diminutive)	-ʔaʃ "pet"	possessive classifier for animals		Hill & Nolasquez 1973:177	no info	2	bewitched creator and caused his death (Strong 1929:269)	2		no info	no info	no info	no info	0	0	Americas	wetlands, lakes, ponds, streams	no
Dhangu	(many species)	garkman	garkman		inheritance								simplex							0		0		0				0	0			no
Dhay’yi	(many species)	djaµmal	dyarnmal		unique								underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Dhuwal	(many species)	garkman	garkman		inheritance								simplex							0		0		0				0	0			no
Djapu	(many species)		garkman		inheritance															0		0		0				0	0
Djinang	(many species)	garkman	garkman		inheritance								simplex							0		0		0				0	0			no
Esselen		missing			missing								missing							2		2		0				0	0			no
Gabrielino		kwa'ro'	ˈkʷaʔroʔ	zapo	inheritance	*kwaʔro	Uto-Aztecan		S941 (Stubbs 2009:157)			same	underived	no npn	-ʔaʧ “pet	possessive classifier for animals		Harrington 116	no info	2	Frog is shaman who bewitches Wuyot (White 1963:141), or perhaps his wife	2	considered disgusting (McC p. 117)	no info	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	Americas	wetlands, lakes, ponds, streams	no
Gajirrabeng	(many species)	bilthoon	pilthun		unique								underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Gooniyandi	(many species)	woogoo	woogoo		loan			Jarragan					underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Gumatj	(many species)	garkman	garkman		inheritance								underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Gupapuyngu	(many species)	garkman	garkman		inheritance								simplex							0		0		0				0	0			no
Gurindji	(many species)	ngaltya	ngaltya		loan			Miriwung	also palngawurn				underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Guugu Yimidhirr	(many species)	thandaar & thanamundi & garrgurr	thandaar & thanamundi & garrgurr	frog & green frog & sand frog	inheritance	*canta+	pEastern		Questionable: /thandaar/ poss. to Muruwari /thantay/ 'frog'. /thanamundi/ is unique, but garrgurr 'sand frog' is cognate w KYal karrkurr 'green frog'				underived			/thandaar/ is apparently generic				0		0		0				0	0			no
Iipay 'Aa		hantak		frog, toad	inheritance	*xa-nya	Proto-Yuman		Langdon 1979:637 FROG			broader (frogs and toads)	underived	etymologically complex, ha-n-tak water its-?(dirt?)				Couro & Hutcheson 1973		2		2		0				0	0			no
Jaru	(many species)	balngawan	balngawan		inheritance	palngawurn	Ngumpin-Yapa		Walm. 'green tree frog'				uncoded							0		0		0				0	0			no
Jingulu	(many species)	ngalayimityji	ngalayimityji		unknown								underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Kanamarí		hoh	hoh	sapo														Magalhães 2018:357
Karajarri	(many species)	putuwanin	putuwanin		unique								derived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Kawaiisu		wogata		frog	inheritance	wakatta/wakaN-ta	Proto-Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 940 (2008:157)	WW	%wakat	same	underived					Zigmond et al.		2		2		0				0	0			no
Kija	(many species)	wukeny	wukeny		inheritance	wuku	Jarragan						underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Kiliwa		x?nqhaatq		toads, frogs	unique				Probably not Langdon 1979:637 *xa-nya FROG			broader (toads and frogs)	underived	but x? may be “water; perhaps xa?=naa “swim”???				Mixco 1985		2		2		0				0	0			no
Kitanemuk		wakatat	ˈwakatat	frog	inheritance	*wakaC-ta	Uto-Aztecan		S940 (Stubbs 2009:157); Tarahumara 7awaka seems OK in this set	WW	%wakat	broader (includes toads)	other complex	ˈwakata-t frog-npn	-ʔacit "pet"	possessive classifier for animals		Anderton 1988:562	no info	2	frog is wife of coyote (Anderton 562)	2		no info	no info	no info	no info	0	0	Americas	wetlands, lakes, ponds, streams	no
Koko-Bera	(many species)	KOW-KACHÁL & thenpén	KOW-KACÁL & thenpén	GREEN FROG & GREEN TREE FROG, bullfrog	unique							Also ko-kacál 'long-nose frog', a sp. name sometimes used as a generic	compound	stress-second compound; thenpén is simplex
Kuku-Thaypan	(many species)	amorakong	amorakong		unique								underived	?						0		0		0				0	0			no
Kuku-Yalanji	(many species)	yirku-yirku & karrkurr & yuday	yirku-yirku & karrkurr & yuday		unique				yirku-yirku & yuday are unique, but karrkurr 'green frog' is cognate with GYim garrgurr 'sand frog'				reduplicated							0		0		0				0	0			no
Kurtjar	(many species)	bheech & dhoom	bheech & dhoom		unique								underived		eeny					0		0		0				0	0			no
Kuuk Thaayorre	(many species)	thatvr	thatvr		inheritance	*catal	Local		Local. As *cata pPaman, with poss.cognates in Gunwinyguan				underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Lake Miwok		kolóolo		frog	unique				May be a sound-symb. variant of Pmiw form which has /t/ in Mib; Bodega Dic p. 40 has Pmiw *koto:la (?) 'frog, toad, notes S. Pomo go:tolo “tadpole”				reduplicated					Callaghan 1965		2		2		0				0	0			no
Luiseño		waxáw'kila (B)	waʹxawɁkila	frog	inheritance	*wakaC-ta	Uto-Aztecan		S940 (Stubbs 2009:157); Tarahumara 7awaka seems OK in this set. Lu. form waxáw'kila (B) has some kind of odd derivation, perhaps a reduplication???	WW	%wakat	narrower (doesn't include bullfrogs, apparently)	derived	waxá-w'ki-la (B) frog-dup?-non.possessed.noun	-ʔaʃ "pet"	possessive classifier; NPN form of noun is ʔaʃla		Elliott 1999:1037	no info	2	Frog (actually waxaawut, Calif. red-legged frog) is shaman who bewitches Wuyot (White 1963:141)	2	not eaten (Kroeber 1925:652)	no info	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	Americas	wetlands, lakes and streams	no
Maidu		wélk'et'ì		frog (general)	unique				odd take on areal forms in wakat, watak, waraq, etc.	WW	%wakat		other complex	-i is stem former				Shipley 1963		2		2		0				0	0			no
Mangala	(many species)	purru-karraŋu	purru-karraŋu		unique								derived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Mbabaram	(many species)	nol	nol		unique								underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Miriwung	(many species)	ngaldjan	ngaldjan		unique				also palngawun<proto-form	WW	%ngaltya		underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Mojave		hanye		frog	inheritance	*xa-nya	Proto-Yuman		Langdon 1979:637 FROG; Yuma xanyk7o/ “bullfrog”			broader (frogs and toads)	phrase	ha- “water”				Munro et al.1992		2		2		0				0	0			no
Mutsun		wakaraT-smin		frog	inheritance	*waT(ar)ak-	Utian		Callaghan 1962:103 relates to Mi *waTak forms, but notes 2001:326 that such words are onomatopoeic and susceptible to borrowing	WW	%wakat		relative clause	-min "one who is/has"				Mason 1916:427		2		2		0				0	0			no
Ngandi	(many species)	dakbarara7	dakawa7		unknown								simplex							0		0		0				0	0			no
Ngarinyin	(many species)	manggurrarri	manggurrarri		unique		proto-Worrorran						uncoded							0		0		0				0	0			no
Ngumbarl	(many species)	waljaburring	waljaburring		unique								underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Nimanburru	(many species)	dyergabinj	dyergabinj		semantic shift								underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Nisenan		potpoto; wah'-kaht		frog	loan			Wintun	potpot is Miwokan frog word	WW	%wakat		reduplicated					Uldall & Shipley 1966; Merriam 57:241		2		2		0				0	0			no
Northern Paiute		pamogo		Frog (Rana)	inheritance				this is not *pa: “water” which would yield pawogo.But see Tumpisa Shoshone pawaka (approx), must be the same word.	WW	%wakat	same	underived					Yerington Dictionary		2		2		0				0	0			no
Northern Sierra Miwok		waTaksaji-		frogs (little, not bullfrog)	inheritance	*waTa:k	Miwokan		Bodega Dic, Callaghan 2001:326, note ProtoWintu *wataq “frog”. “These words are onomatopoeic and susceptible to borrowing” (Callaghan 2001:326)				other complex	-sa-ji				Callaghan 1987		2		2		0				0	0			no
Nyangumarta	(many species)	pupuka	pupuka		unique								reduplicated	partial						0		0		0				0	0			no
Nyikina	(many species)	jiraki, jirrirri, kankarramal	jiraki, jirrirri, kankarramal		unique								underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Nyulnyul	(many species)	gai gai	gai gai		unique								reduplicated							0		0		0				0	0			no
Pakanh	(many species)	thata	thata		inheritance	*cata	pPaman		With pGunwinyguan *catti ('frog'; Harvey) this could be very old				underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Plains Miwok		potpot, potpoto-		frog, bullfrog	inheritance		Eastern Miwokan		Mins word for “toad, bullfrog”				reduplicated					Callaghan 1984		2		2		0				0	0			no
Rembarrnga	(many species)	karkman	karkman		loan			Yolngu	kark onomat -man sound suffix in Wardaman etc				simplex				generic for frogs and specific for green tree frog (Litoria caerulea)			0		0		0				0	0			no
Ritharrngu	(many species)	missing			missing								missing							0		0		0				0	0			no
Salinan A		wá:keT		frog	unique		Salinan		very widespread frog word of unknown origin; e.g. PUA *wakaC-ta;	WW	%wakat		underived					Mason 1918:125; Turner 1980:74		2		2		0				0	0			no
Salinan M		wákaT'		frog	unique		Salinan		very widespread frog word of unknown origin; e.g. PUA *wakaC-ta;	WW	%wakat		underived					Mason 1918:125		2		2		0				0	0			no
Seri (Comcaac)		otác		frog, toad	unique					WW	%wakat	broader (frogs and toads)	underived					Comcaac Dictionary 460		2		2		0				0	0			no
Serrano		waqar-t		frog	inheritance	*wakaC-ta	Uto-Aztecan		S940 (Stubbs 2009:157)	WW	%wakat		other complex	-t NPN				KCHill ms 2001:62		2		2		0				0	0			no
Southern Paiute		wa·gotsI		Frog (Rana)	inheritance	*wakaN-ta	Proto-Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 940 (2008:157)	WW	%wakat	same	other complex	Said by SP's to be onomatopoeic, but old; has -tsi ABS				sapir 1930:713		2		2		0				0	0			no
Southern Sierra Miwok		waTak-Hna-		frog	inheritance	*waTa:k	Miwokan		Callaghan 2001:326; note Pwintu *wataq “frog”. “These words are onomatopoeic and susceptible to borrowing “ Callaghan 2001:326	WW	%wakat		other complex	-Hna				Broadbent 1964:		2		2		0				0	0			no
Southern Ute		paqxwánI		frog	inheritance	*kwa'Lo	Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 941 (2008:157) here with pa- “water” like S. Paiute			same	other complex	-ni suffix is some kind of derivation; historically phrasal				Givon 1979		2		2		0				0	0			no
Tjaapukay	(many species)	wubun	wupun	frog, toad (generic)	unique								underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Tübatulabal		wōhnāl	wo:hˈna:l	large kind of frog	unique							broader (includes toad)	other complex	wo:hˈna:-l frog.sp-npn				Hill 2010:121	no info	2		2	Voegelin 1938:12	no info	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	Western North America	wetlands, lakes, ponds, streams	no
Tümpisa Shoshone		pookoo, pawoko		frog, man's name	inheritance				Is this from pa-wakaN??? In which case PUA “water” plus S940 (2008:157)	WW	%wakat	same	other complex	pa-po0koo water-toad				Dayley 1989:198		2		2		0				0	0			no
Uw-Olkol	(many species)	ednbal	ednbal	frog (generic./classifier)	unique								underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Uw-Oykangand	(many species)	ednbal	ednbal	frog (generic/classifier)	unique								underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Walmajarri	(many species)	lirrajapal	lirrajapal		inheritance	lirra-tyapal	Ngumpin-Yapa						compound	mouth-open						0		0		0				0	0			no
Wappo		k'áTik'		frog (CHM confirms 52:577)	unique								underived					Sawyer 1965		2		2		0				0	0			no
Wardaman	(many species)	jabarlng	jabarlng		unknown								uncoded							0		0		0				0	0			no
Warlpiri	(many species)	jarlji	jarlji		unique								underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Warrwa	(many species)		wa:lak		inheritance															0		0		0				0	0
Washo		gó:t'a7		frog	unique								underived					Merriam 55:311; WPD		2		2		0				0	0			no
Western Mono		wazaGa'		frog	inheritance	*wakaCta	Proto-Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 940 (2008:157); Stubbs believes Mono metathesized the two medial consonants			same	underived					Bethel et al.:278	no info	2		2		no info	no info	no info	no info	0	0			no
Wik Ngathan	(many species)	waapel	waapvl	frog (generic)	unique								underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Wintu		wataq(met)		frog (CHM confirms 56:15)	inheritance	*wataq	Wintun		Shepherd 2005; a large areal group of very similar forms	WW	%wakat		underived	waq...1				Schlichter 1981		2		2		0				0	0			no
Worrorra	(many species)	dyirrandya	dyirrandya		doubtful loan		proto-Worrorran	Nyikina?					uncoded							0		0		0				0	0			no
Wunambal	(many species)		tyarru		unique		proto-Worrorran													0		0		0				0	0			no
Yan-nhangu	(many species)	garkma	garkma		inheritance								simplex							0		0		0				0	0			no
Yavapai		hàɲkŏ, hàɲâ	breve is hachek	frog 1, frog 2	inheritance	*xa-nya	Proto-Yuman		Langdon 1979:637 FROG				unknown					Shaterian 1983		2		2		0				0	0			no
Yawuru	(many species)	walag	walag		inheritance								underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Yidiny	(many species)	manggum	manggum		unique								underived			Used as a generic in generic-specific terms				0		0		0				0	0			no
Yir-Yoront	(many species)	thertl	thertl		inheritance	*cata	pPaman; poss. pre-Pama-Nyungan (cognates in Gunwinyguan)		The protoform *catal is Local				underived							0		0		0				0	0			no
Yokuts Palewyami		oo-koo'-ko		frog	unique				this looks like a very widespread word for “frog”. Could Merriam have made a mistake?			same	onomatopoeic					Merriam 58:529		2		2		0				0	0			no
Yokuts Yawdanchi		koyòyiT	Merriam go-doit (Wik) 58:371	frog	inheritance	*kojo...	Nim-Yokuts		Callaghan 1997:33; compare Mil kolo:lo			same	underived					Kroeber 1961:205		2		2		0				0	0			no
Yokuts Yowlumne		k'oyotwoT'		frog	inheritance	*kojo...	Nim-Yokuts		Callagan 1997:33, compare MiL kolo:lo			same	other complex	Almost certainly the woT is a suffix. A “koy” root appears also in “turtle” -- related?				Kroeber 1961:205		2		2		0				0	0			no
Yuki		7oT'a F, 7o:7oT A		frog	inheritance	7oT'a7; 7oT'	Yukian		Schlichter 1985				other complex	-a7 "animate suffix on substantives" (Schlicter diss p. 52)				Sawyer & Schlichter 1984		2		2		0				0	0			no
Yuma		hahn'-n>yĕ; xanyk7o/ “bullfrog” (Langdon 1979:637)		Frog (Rana)	inheritance	*xa-nya	Proto-Yuman		Langdon 1979:637 FROG				unknown					Merriam 61:463		2		2		0				0	0			no


Bankalachi Toloim
Bardi
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Central Sierra Miwok
Chemehuevi
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Cocopa
Comanche
Cupeño
Dhangu
Dhay’yi
Dhuwal
Djapu
Djinang
Esselen
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Gumatj
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Guugu Yimidhirr
Iipay 'Aa
Jaru
Jingulu
Kanamarí
Karajarri
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Koko-Bera
Kuku-Thaypan
Kuku-Yalanji
Kurtjar
Kuuk Thaayorre
Lake Miwok
Luiseño
Maidu
Mangala
Mbabaram
Miriwung
Mojave
Mutsun
Ngandi
Ngarinyin
Ngumbarl
Nimanburru
Nisenan
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Pakanh
Plains Miwok
Rembarrnga
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Southern Paiute
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Tjaapukay
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Uw-Olkol
Uw-Oykangand
Walmajarri
Wappo
Wardaman
Warlpiri
Warrwa
Washo
Western Mono
Wik Ngathan
Wintu
Worrorra
Wunambal
Yan-nhangu
Yavapai
Yawuru
Yidiny
Yir-Yoront
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuki
Yuma

Showing 1 to 97 of 97 entries