Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

Burarra

Family
Maningrida
Region
Australia
ISO 639-3
bvr
Location
-12.02°, 134.72°
Notes
Features
Basic Vocabulary
Flora Fauna Vocabulary
Cultural Vocabulary
Ethnographic Information
Data Sources
none


Basic Vocabulary (186)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
1pl.excl nosotros (exclusivo) nós (exclusivo) grammar ngayburrgugu inheritance?
1pl.incl nosotros (inclusivo) nós (inclusivo) grammar nguburr- unknown
1sg yo eu grammar [missing] missing
2pl ustedes vocês grammar [missing] missing
2sg xx xx grammar ny- inheritance
3pl ellos/ellas eles/elas grammar [missing] missing
3sg el/ella ele/ela grammar [missing] missing
above encima, arriba acima location [missing] missing
again de nuevo, otra vez de novo grammar mola unknown
all todo todos other -murra unknown
and y e grammar aa unknown
ankle tobillo tornozelo body gun-mardaparr
armpit axila, sobaco axila body warmbarrk unknown
ashamed xx xx mental gona loan Yolngu
ashes xx xx environment 1876 unknown
at en, a em, a location [missing] missing
back espalda costas body jonama unknown
bad mal mal quality -nerra unknown
be alive xx xx body wanngu loan Yan-nhangu
belly barriga barriga body gochila unknown
below abajo, debajo abaixo location missing
big grande grande quality wana unknown
bite morder morder body baya doubtful loan Pama-Nyungan
black negro preto colour ngunyja unknown
blood sangre sangue body maningan / -maningan unknown
blow soplar soprar body bupija unknown
blunt xx xx quality -jamala doubtful loan Djinang
bone hueso osso body -mama unknown
boomerang xx xx manufacture garligarli loan Yolngu
breast pecho, seno peito body ngamangama unknown
breathe respirar respirar body ngeka unknown
burn quemar queimar environment rro unknown
chew masticar, mascar mastigar body jilamja unknown
child niño, niña criança human -gungarda / gu-ngarda inheritance
climb subir subir motion warrcha unknown
cloud nube nuvem environment nguparr unknown
cold frío frio quality -mujarracharra unknown
come venir vir motion bengga unknown
cook cocinar cozinhar impact wumbargujama unknown
count contar contar mental 1923 unknown
cry llorar chorar mental rruwuja unknown
cut xx xx impact gornda unknown
die/be dead morir morrer state juwa unknown
dig cavar cavar impact gapaja unknown
dingo/wolf fauna an-mugarla unknown
dirty sucio sujo quality birninyja unknown
dream soñar sonhar mental borrcheka unknown
drink beber, tomar beber body wurlcha unknown
dry seco seco quality -gorla unknown
dust polvo poeira environment [missing] missing
ear oreja orelha body gelama unknown
earth/soil tierra terra environment jel unknown
eat comer comer body bay unknown
egg huevo ovo fauna -giya / giya unknown
eye ojo olho body mipila unknown
faeces heces, mierda, excremento, estiércol fezes body ngukarda unknown
fall caer cair motion bungga unknown
far lejos longe quality barrparrwa unknown
fat/grease grasa gordura body burlurla unknown
father padre, papá pai kinship nyinya unknown
fear miedo medo mental jurkuja unknown
feather pluma pena fauna mula unknown
fire fuego fogo environment bol unknown
fish xx xx fauna gurdijarra unknown
flow fluir fluir motion [missing] missing
flower flor flor environment -jawanyja unknown
fly volar voar motion muya unknown
fog niebla, neblina nevoeira, bruma, neblina environment -jola unknown
foot pie pé body jugurra unknown
fruit fruta fruta flora balaja unknown
good bueno bom quality manymak loan areal
grow crecer crescer state wana ni bamba unknown
hair (of head) cabello cabelo body mejimija unknown
hand mano mão body murna inheritance
head cabeza cabeça body jawurrga unknown
hear oír ouvir mental galiya unknown
heavy pesado pesado quality -gun.gun loan direction unknown
hide esconder esconder motion barrbirrima unknown
hit golpear, pegar bater impact bu inheritance Yolngu
hit (with hand) xx xx impact buya inheritance Yolngu
hold correr, asegurar, sostener segurar other rrimachichiya unknown
how? como como grammar [missing] missing
if si se grammar minyja unknown
in/inside dentro, adentro dentro location wuparnana unknown
intestines intestinos intestinos body -jirromba unknown
itch hormiguear, sentir comezón coçar body rrirrja unknown
kill matar matar impact guya rruma unknown
know/be knowledgeable saber, conecer saber, conhecer mental marn.gi loan Yolngu
lake lago lago environment [missing] missing
laugh reír rir mental gu-wakal bu doubtful loan Yolngu
leaf hoja folha environment jarlawurra unknown
left/left hand izquierdo esquerdo location/body -weyka unknown
leg/foot pierna perna body jerra unknown
lie down acostarse, echarse deitar motion gurrmiya unknown
lightning rayo, relámpago relampago environment maykarran loan direction unknown
liver hígado figado body -dumbulk unknown
long largo comprido, longo quality -baykarda unknown
louse piollo, piojo piolho fauna dalmurk unknown
lung pulmón pulmão body -jikwich doubtful loan Yolngu djikiwitj
man/male hombre homem human wurra unknown
meat/flesh carne carne fauna minyjak unknown
moon luna lua environment an-jirderda unknown
mother madre, mamá mãe kinship muma unknown
mouth boca boca body ngana unknown
name nombre nome human -nelangga unknown
nape base del cuello, nuca nuca body mobula unknown
near/close cerca de perto quality ay-gurrepa unknown
neck cuello pescoço body manyjirda unknown
new nuevo novo quality -geka unknown
night noche noite time ana-munya loan Yolngu
no/not no não grammar ngika unknown
nose nariz nariz body ngoyurra unknown
old viejo velho quality -maywa unknown
one uno um number -ngardapa unknown
open/uncover abrir abrir other lapkujama loan Yolngu
other otro outro grammar -werranga
person/human being persona pessoa human wurra gama gorlk unknown
pimple xx xx body bongbongja unknown
rain lluvia chuva environment mu-lamula unknown
red rojo vermelho colour -mugulumberrpa doubtful loan
right/right hand derecha direita location/body -munganaguwa unknown
road/path camino caminho manufacture guburda unknown
roof xx xx manufacture bala loan
root raíz raiz flora rrepara unknown
rotten podrido podre quality -gulol unknown
sand arena areia environment jaranga unknown
say decir dizer mental wengga inheritance
scratch rascar rasgar impact wirrka loan Yolngu
see ver ver mental garrgaja unknown
sharp afilado, filudo, filoso afiado quality -dirrartka unknown
shoot tirar, disparar, balear atirar impact [missing] missing
short corto curto quality -balmbarra unknown
shoulder hombro ombro body wagarba unknown
sick xx xx body gu-derda unknown
sit sentar(se) sentar state ninya loan Yolngu
skin piel pele body -maliyarra unknown
sky cielo céu environment girlngarr unknown
sleep dormir dormir body ngorrngurra loan Yolngu
small pequeño pequeno quality -balgurla
smell (tr/intr) xx xx body numa loan Yolngu
smoke humo fumaça environment jolnga unknown
spit escupir cuspir body mun-jirdajirda unknown
split partir, dividir rachar, dividir, partir impact barrja unknown
squeeze estrujar, exprimir espremer impact mornja unknown
stab/pierce apuñalar, acuchillar apunhalar impact [missing] missing
stand estar de pié ficar em pé state -jirra loan Yolngu
star estrella estrela environment marnnga unknown
steal robar roubar other [missing] missing
stone piedra pedra environment jandarra unknown
suck chupar chupar body bunyja loan Yolngu
sun sol sol time marnnga unknown
sweat sudar suor, suar body ngurrunda unknown
swell hincharse inchar body durtwarrcha loan Yan-nhangu
swim nadar nadar motion waywa doubtful loan Yolngu
tail cola, rabo rabo body marda unknown
that ese/esa esse grammar garda unknown
thick grueso, gordo, espeso grosso quality -bimbelambila
thin delgado fino quality werrwerra
think pensar pensar mental borrwiya unknown
this este/esta este grammar -guna unknown
three tres tres number [missing] missing
throat garganta garganta body gu-lorra unknown
throw tirar, lanzar atirar, jogar impact jurrka unknown
thunder truenos trovão environment durrja unknown
tie up/fasten atar, amarrar amarrar impact gochilabicha unknown
tongue lengua lingua body ngarl unknown
tooth diente dente body rrirra loan Yolngu
true xx xx quality gelama gelama bay loan Yolngu
turn girar, volter, torcer virar other ngukurdanyja unknown
two dos dois number -gulirrwirrka unknown
vomit vomitar vomitar body gurlja unknown
walk caminar, andar andar motion rrigirrga unknown
water agua agua environment bugula unknown
wet mojado molhado quality -jalmuna unknown
what? que, qué que grammar [missing] missing
when? cuando quando grammar [missing] missing
where? donde onde grammar gu-yanngiya
white blanco branco colour -gungarlcha unknown
who? quien, quién quem grammar [missing] missing
wife esposa esposa kinship menggapa unknown
wind viento vento environment barlmarrk loan
wing ala asa body mechak unknown
woman/female mujer mulher human gama unknown
work trabajar trabalhar other jama loan
yawn bostezar bocejar body ngawucha unknown
yellow amarillo amarelo colour dulgu unknown


Flora Fauna Vocabulary (139)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
grasshopper flora-fauna Caelifera jin-gugarrarramiya dyin-gubatpattya unique dyin- noun class 2 1 0 0 0 no
agile wallaby, river wallaby flora-fauna Macropus agilis balkich balkity loan direction unknown Gupapuyngu simplex 0 1 0 0 0 no
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna Formicidae bojokpojok bodyokpodyok unknown reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
Australian pelican flora-fauna Pelecanus conspicillatus nanyja nanydya unknown cf ṉanydyak nose in Gumatj, Yan-nhangu simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
Australian snubfin dolphin flora-fauna Orcaella heinsohnii marnba marnba loan with meaning change Yan-nhangu 0 0 0 0 0 no
baler shell flora-fauna Melo amphora missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
bandicoot flora-fauna Peramelemorphia warngurra warngurra loan direction unknown Djinang WW %warnkurra 0 0 0 0 0
barn owl flora-fauna Tyto alba missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
barramundi flora-fauna Lates calcarifer rajarra dyanambal unknown 1 1 0 0 0 no
bat murciélago morcego flora-fauna Chiroptera spp missing garnapinybiny unique 0 1 0 0 0 no
bindii, caltrop flora-fauna Tribulus terrestris missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna burdacha bawul unknown simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-breasted buzzard flora-fauna Hamirostra melanosternon missing gurrtyirityir unique missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-faced cuckoo-shrike flora-fauna Coracina novaehollandiae missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-headed python flora-fauna Aspidites melanocephalus jin-guyalwur dyin-guyalwur unknown dyin- noun class 0 2 0 0 0 no
black-soil yam flora-fauna Ipomoea diamantinensis missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
bloodwood flora-fauna Eucalyptus (Corymbia) bleeseri burlba bulba unknown 0 1 1 0 0 no
blowfly maggots flora-fauna Diptera, Sarcophagidae doldol doldol maggot unique reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
blue-tongue lizard flora-fauna Tiliqua species dopalol dopalol unique 0 1 0 0 0 no
blue-winged kookaburra flora-fauna Dacelo leachii gu-rrolkurrol gu-rrolkurrol unknown gu- noun class reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
bluebone flora-fauna Choerodon cyanodus missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
brolga flora-fauna Grus rubicunda manikurdorrk manikurdorrk unknown 1 0 0 0 0 no
brown goshawk flora-fauna Accipiter fasciatus garrkiny garrkiny loan direction unknown Rembarrnga WW %karrkiny 0 0 0 0 0 no
brush-tailed possum flora-fauna Trichosurus vulpecula warragul warragul Northern Brushtail Possum unknown simplex 0 1 0 0 0 no
bush cockroach flora-fauna (many species) bulanyja bulanydya beetle unknown 0 0 0 0 0 no
bush stone-curlew flora-fauna Burhinus grallarius gumurnda gumurnda loan direction unknown Gupapuyngu simplex 1 0 0 0 0 no
bush tobacco flora-fauna Lobelia quadrangularis missing missing missing 0 0 0 1 0 no
bush turkey, Australian bustard flora-fauna Ardeotis australis buwarta buwarta Plains Turkey loan direction unknown Gupapuyngu 0 1 0 0 0 no
bush yam flora-fauna Vigna lanceolata var. lanceolata missing missing missing 0 1 2 0 1 no
butterfly, moth mariposa borboleta flora-fauna Lepidoptera missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
carpet snake flora-fauna Morelia spilota missing 0 1 0 0 0
caterpillar flora-fauna Lepidoptera dapalany dapalany loan Yolngu simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
catfish flora-fauna (many species) missing warrwarrnya unique missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
centipede ciempiés centopéia flora-fauna Chilopoda, Myriapoda jin-guga dyin-guga unknown 0 0 0 0 0 no
channel-billed cuckoo flora-fauna Scythops novaehollandiae missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
crested pigeon flora-fauna Ocyphaps lophotes missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
darter/cormorant flora-fauna Anhinga melanogaster, Phalacrocorax species balagurdarr balagurdarr Darter unknown 0 1 0 0 0 no
death adder, five-minute snake flora-fauna Acanthophis praelongus an-gubamartalja an-gubamartaldya Death Adder unknown 0 0 0 0 0 yes
dingo flora-fauna Canis familiaris dingo an-mugarla an-gugurkudya unknown gugurkudya means “fearful one, shameful thing” 0 0 0 0 0 no
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna Canis familiaris gulukula gulukula unknown simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
duck pato pato, marreco flora-fauna Anatidae missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
dugong flora-fauna Dugon dugong jinunggayngu dyinuŋgayŋu inheritance 1 1 0 0 0 no
earthworm flora-fauna Annelida, Oligochaeta bong boŋ unknown 0 0 0 0 0 no
emu flora-fauna Dromaius novaehollandiae wurrparn wurrparn loan Yolngu WW %wurrparn simplex 2 1 2 0 0 no
fish (generic) pez peixe flora-fauna gurdijarra gurdidyarra unknown simplex 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
flower flora-fauna (NA) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna Diptera muya muya unknown simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
flying-fox (generic) flora-fauna (many species) galgu galgu unknown simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
freshwater crocodile flora-fauna Crocodylus johnstoni gardukardu gardukardu unknown reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
freshwater mussel flora-fauna Velesunio wilsoni missing mutyarra unique missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
freshwater prawn flora-fauna Macrobrachium rosenbergii ramacha arr-merndarra unknown arr- first person marker? 0 1 0 0 0 no
frill-necked lizard flora-fauna Chlamydosaurus kingii an-gurreymagonyinyjiya an-gugelamagonyinydyiya unknown 0 1 0 0 0 no
frog (generic) flora-fauna (many species) bogaboga bogaboga unknown reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
galah flora-fauna Eolophus roseicapilla wirliwirla unique 0 0 0 0 0
turtle (generic) flora-fauna (many species) missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
ghost gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus papuana (Corymbia bella) missing missing missing 2 0 1 0 0 no
goanna (generic) or sand goanna flora-fauna Varanus spp gun-baḻ ana-dyawa gun-baḻ ana-dyawa unique phrase 0 1 2 0 0 no
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna (NA) gorrngunya borrdya unknown simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
grasshopper flora-fauna Orthoptera dyin-gubatpattya unknown dyin- noun class 0 0 0 0 0
great bowerbird flora-fauna Chlamydera nuchalis mu-rran mu-rran unknown mu- noun class 1 0 0 0 0 no
green ant flora-fauna Oecophylla smaragdina muya muya semantic shift? “muya” also means “fly” simplex 0 2 2 0 0 no
green sea turtle flora-fauna Chelonia mydas garriwa garriwa loan direction unknown WW %karriwa 1 1 0 0 0 no
green tree snake flora-fauna Dendrelaphis punctulata missing missing missing 0 2 0 0 0 no
head/body lice flora-fauna Pediculus capitis, Pediculus humanus dalmurk dalmurk louse unknown 0 0 0 0 0 no
horse caballo cavalho flora-fauna Equus caballus missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
hummingbird colibrí, picaflor (Peru) beija-flor flora-fauna Trochilidae an-mugirrirta an-mugirrirta unknown “an-” noun class marker 0 0 0 0 0 no
humpback whale flora-fauna Megaptera novaeangliae missing wuymurra unique missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
insect (generic) insecto insecto flora-fauna generic missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
jabiru flora-fauna Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus batyadya unknown 0 0 0 0 0
jungle-fowl (scrub-fowl) flora-fauna Megapodius freycinet missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
kangaroo (generic) flora-fauna Macropodidae missing missing missing 2 1 0 0 0 no
land snail flora-fauna Gastropoda missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
magpie goose flora-fauna Anseranas semipalmata manakarda goba unknown simplex 0 1 0 0 0 no
military dragon flora-fauna Ctenophorus isolepis, Diporiphora spp., Lophognathus spp. missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
mosquito mosquito, zancudo mosquito, carapana flora-fauna Anopheles spp, Isoptera missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
mud wasp, hornet flora-fauna (many species) burnangula burnaŋula unknown 0 0 0 0 0 no
native bee flora-fauna (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
native cat flora-fauna Dasyurus missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
northern brown bandicoot flora-fauna Isoodon macrourus warn.gurra warn.gurra loan direction unknown cf “gurra” one that spears? unlikely? 0 1 0 0 0 no
northern kurrajong flora-fauna Brachychiton diversifolius missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
nut tree flora-fauna Terminalia grandifolia missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
octopus flora-fauna Octopus australis missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
pandanus palm flora-fauna Pandanus spiralis gun-menama gun-menama unique cf “menama” knee (gun- noun class) derived 1 1 0 0 1 no
paperbark flora-fauna Melaleuca sericea, Melaleuca stenostachya jikara dyikara unknown simplex 0 0 1 0 0 no
peaceful dove flora-fauna Geopelia placida missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
pearlshell flora-fauna Pinctada spp missing missing missing 1 1 0 0 1 no
peewee flora-fauna Gryllina cyanoleuca missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
pied butcherbird flora-fauna Cracticus nigrogularis missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
pike eel flora-fauna Muraenesox arabicus missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
praying mantis, stick insects mantis religiosa louva-a-deus flora-fauna Mantodea missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
prickle bush flora-fauna Sclerolaena bicornis missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
quail (generic) flora-fauna Coturnix species, Turnix species burr-balma burr-balma unique 0 0 0 0 0 no
red river gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus camaldulensis missing missing missing 2 0 1 0 1 no
red-tailed black-cockatoo flora-fauna Calyptorhynchus banksi banggurarrk baŋgurarrk unknown 0 0 0 0 0 no
riflefish, archerfish flora-fauna Toxotes chatareus missing yaŋkurra unique 0 1 0 0 0 no
river mangrove flora-fauna Aegicera corniculatum missing missing missing 0 0 2 0 1 no
rock fig flora-fauna Ficus brachypoda missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
sacred kingfisher flora-fauna Todiramphus sancta missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
saltwater crocodile flora-fauna Crocodylus porosus marrchila marrtyila unknown 2 2 0 0 0 yes
saltwater mussel flora-fauna Mytilidae missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
sawfish flora-fauna Pristis pectinata ana-jalagurarr ana-dyalagurarr unknown 1 0 0 0 0 yes
scorpion escorpión; alacran escorpião flora-fauna Arachnida, Scorpiones maringgul ji-jurlpa mariŋgul dyi-dyuḻpa unique cf mariŋgul “spear thrower”, dyi “be”, dyuḻpa “bottom end” derived 0 0 0 0 0 no
shark (generic) flora-fauna Selachimorpha missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 variable
shell (generic) flora-fauna missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 1 no
short-beaked echidna flora-fauna Tachyglossus aculeatus gajarrkcharrk gadyarrktyarrk unknown reduplicated 0 2 0 0 0 no
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
snappy gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus brevifolia missing missing missing 0 0 1 0 0 no
spider araña aranha flora-fauna Arachnida, Araneae gat gardany doubtful loan Yolngu simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
spinifex flora-fauna Triodia species borichel borityel unique 0 0 2 0 0 no
spoonbills (yellow-billed spoonbill, black-billed spoonbill) flora-fauna Platalea flavipes, Platalea regia ganarra ganarra spoonbill loan direction unknown Djinang 0 0 0 0 0 no
stingray (generic) rayas látigo, raya arraia flora-fauna Dasyatidae an-maka an-maka unique “an” marker of noun class, “maka” can mean father’s mother 0 1 0 0 0 variable
stripe-faced dunnart flora-fauna Sminthopsis macroura missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
sugarbag wax flora-fauna galanyan galanyan bee's wax; putty loan direction unknown WW %kalanyan simplex 1 1 0 0 0 no
sulphur-crested cockatoo flora-fauna Cacatua galerita an-gungarrcha an-guŋarrtya unknown “an-” marker of noun class 0 0 0 0 0 no
swamp eel flora-fauna Ophisternon gutturale an-murnajapurra an-murnadyapurra unique “murna” means “ray” (generic), “dyapurra” means both “sacred” and “mouth parts”? derived 0 1 0 0 0 no
swamp leech flora-fauna Annelida, Hirudinea birlimurra biḻimurra leech unknown 0 0 0 0 0 no
tawny frogmouth flora-fauna Podargus strigoides missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
termite mounds, ant hills flora-fauna Isoptera morliya moḻiya ant hill; ant bed unknown simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
termites, white-ants comején (Peru), termitas cupim flora-fauna (many species) an-gurroḻpa an-gurroḻpa unique 0 0 0 0 0 no
ti-tree flora-fauna Melaleuca bracteata missing missing missing 0 0 1 0 0 no
tick garrapata carrapato flora-fauna Arachnida, Acarina missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
tiger shark flora-fauna Galeocerdo cuvier missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 yes
torresian crow flora-fauna Corvus orru wakwak wakwak inheritance reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
tree árbol arvore flora-fauna (NA) gun-jong gun-dyoŋ unique 0 0 0 0 0 no
waterlily flora-fauna Nymphaea macrosperma birdik birdik Water Lily unknown simplex 0 1 2 0 0 no
wattle flora-fauna Acacia difficilis gayparl gaypaḻ acacia tree; Black Wattle unknown simplex 0 0 1 0 1 no
wedge-tailed eagle flora-fauna Aquila audax missing missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 no
willie wagtail flora-fauna Rhipidura leucophrys gu-jijibirrchijibirr -dyibirrityibirrity loan Yolngu WW %tyintipirri reduplicated 1 0 0 0 0 no
witchetty grub flora-fauna (many species) rrurta rrurta unknown simplex 0 1 2 0 0 no
woma flora-fauna Aspidites ramsayii missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
tree árbol arvore flora-fauna jalmurra unknown
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna bojokpojok unknown
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna burdacha unknown
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna wurrurlul loan Yolngu
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna gulukula loan Yan-nhangu
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna gorrngunya unknown
kangaroo (generic) flora-fauna gornabola unknown
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna ana-bericha unknown
spider araña aranha flora-fauna gat doubtful loan


Cultural Vocabulary (111)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
afterworld, land of dead, Heaven tierra do los muertos terra dos mortos culture-mythology missing
armband dress nganybak unique
awl subsistence tool missing
axe/stone axe hacha (de piedra) machado (de pedra) subsistence tool galamaŋ unique
bag (string) culture-material maladyaŋgarra unique
bait for fishing cebo, carnada para pescar, empate (Peru) isca subsistence tool missing
basket (general) canasta, canasto, cesta cesto culture-material missing
body feather decorations culture-mythology missing
boomerang/throwing stick (generic) subsistence tool gaḻigaḻi inheritance
boomerang (number 7) subsistence tool missing
boomerang (small) subsistence tool missing
bowl (coolamon) culture-material gun-baŋgalat unique
broom escoba vassoura culture-material missing
canoe canoa canoa transport mityiyaŋ loan Makassar
cicatrice culture-mythology mun-dyakarn unique
clapsticks culture-mythology an-gurdoŋgoldya unique
club (nulla-nulla) subsistence tool dyurrka REDO - noun not verb
cook food food wumbargudyama unique
cook in earth oven food missing
damper food gandityawa unknown
dance (generic) culture-mythology buŋgul loan Yolŋu
digging stick subsistence tool banaka inheritance
dipper (small coolamon) subsistence tool missing
dream sueño, soñar sonho, sonhar culture-mythology borrtyeka unique
dreaming culture-mythology warrgapa unique
drone pipe culture-mythology ŋoḻa unique
fire drill subsistence tool ŋurtka inheritance
fire-saw other missing
fireplace hogar lareira other missing
firewood leña lenha other missing
fish poison barbasco, matapez (Colombia) timbó subsistence tool missing
fish (with fish-poison) pescar con barbasco, barbasquear pescar com timbó; tinguijar food missing
fish (with line) anzuelear, pescar con linea pescar (com linha) food missing
fish (with spear) food missing
fishing line cordel/cuerda p/ pescar, sedal, tanze linha de pesca subsistence tool missing
fishtrap (permanent) subsistence tool an-gudyetyiya unique
fishtrap (woven) subsistence tool missing
flour (European) food gandityawa unique
flour (bush) food missing
game animal caza, animal de caza caça, animal de caça food minydyak unique
ghost (of dead person)/evil spirit espíritu malo, espíritu maligno, fantasma, demonio espirito culture-mythology -gubuwupa unique
glue subsistence tool missing
grave tumba, sepultura, sepulcro sepultura, sepulcro, cova culture-mythology missing
grog food bupupa unique also nganicha
hair belt dress mortiny loan direction unknown
headband dress missing
healer curandero benzador, curandeiro, kumu (Tukano) culture-mythology -buburda unique
honey miel mel food dulgu loan with semantic shift
house (European) other gu-rrambalk semantic shift
hunt cazar caçar food woḻpa unique
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology missing
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology missing
knife cuchillo faca culture-material an-gudyarrtya unique
loincloth taparrabos, guayuco, pampanilla tanga, tapa-sexo dress ŋarndam unique
love song culture-mythology missing
mangrove raft transport missing
message stick culture-mythology mak loan
mortar mortero pilão subsistence tool rambala unique
nosepeg other missing
paddle/oar remo remo transport guli unique
ochre culture-mythology missing
paint body, body paint pintura corporal pintura corporal culture-mythology missing
pestle pilón, mano de mortero, mazo, moledor mão de pilão subsistence tool missing
pipe for tobacco pipa cachimbo other missing
public song cycle culture-mythology missing
red paint culture-mythology -mugulumberrpa unique
resin resina, brea, copal resina, brea, breu subsistence tool missing
salt sal sal food dyoḻp unique
shelter (native) other gun-murnaŋana rrawa missing
song (generic) canción, canto canção culture-mythology manakay inheritance
song (for entertainment) culture-mythology missing
spear lanza lança subsistence tool rra unique
spear (fighting) subsistence tool missing
spear (fishing) subsistence tool dyitabata unique
spearthrower subsistence tool mariŋgul loan direction unknown
speartip subsistence tool missing
string (from hair) culture-material missing
string (from vine) culture-material missing
sugar acculturation mu-daymbaŋa semantic shift
tea food missing
tobacco (European) narcotics ŋarali loan
tobacco (native) narcotics missing
spirit child culture-mythology missing
wax cera cera other galanyan loan direction unknown
white paint culture-mythology missing
windbreak other missing
yandy (n) culture-material missing
school escuela escola acculturation missing
net subsistence tool mulutya unique
bottle botella garrafa acculturation botyula loan
paper papel papel acculturation dyurra loan Makassar WW %djorra
corpse food missing
chicken gallina galinha acculturation missing
tree coffin culture-mythology missing
clothing ropa roupa culture-mythology mirikal loan direction unknown
skirt falda, saya, fustan, pollera saia culture-material batigut loan with semantic shift English WW petticoat
shoes zapatos sapatos dress but loan English
medicine narcotics mun-guburda unique
earth oven food missing
policeman polícia policía acculturation an-batyirra unique
cat gato gato acculturation budyibudyi loan
gun arma, escopeta espingarda, fusil acculturation marriyaŋ loan
hat sombero chapéu dress dyuŋka loan
rope/string mecate, cuerda, soga corda culture wajipa unknown
bottom grinding stone manufacture rambala
digging stick subsistence tool banaka unknown
winnow aventar, tirar (sementes) joeirar manufacture [missing] missing
top grinding stone metate, mano; piedra de moler metate, mano manufacture [missing] missing
spearthrower subsistence tool maringgul loan direction unknown
spear lanza lança subsistence tool jitabata unknown
house other gu-rrambalk unknown


Ethnographic Information
Current Population (speakers) Former Population Estimate Subsistence Preference Density Sedentism Ecotome Marriage Pattern Notes Source
large HG dense mobile yes