Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

liver

Semantic Field: body
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: hígado
Meaning Portuguese: figado

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	tʃáaliʃi	tʃáaliʃi		unique			See Language page
Aché		pɨaʔa		inheritance			See Language page
Aguaruna	akáp	akáp		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio	eeree	ere		inheritance	Proto-Carib		See Language page
Andoke	#NAME?	#NAME?		unique			See Language page
Apalai	ore	ore		inheritance			See Language page
Arabana	kadlhu			inheritance
Araona		takʷa				Tacn form is e-taka.	See Language page
Arutani	ika	ika					See Language page
Ashuar	akáp	akap					See Language page
Ayoreo		abi'to					See Language page
Baniwa	-xópana	-ʃópana		inheritance			See Language page
Barasano	~jebe-reti-ro	~jebe-reti-ro					See Language page
Bardi	gawir	kawir		inheritance
Bará		jẽbẽ-di'tí					See Language page
Barí		aabingba					See Language page
Baure	-e'pe-ṛ̌on	-e'pe-ṛ̌on		unknown			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	nymyn			inheritance
Bora	íʔkwá-neé, mé-ʔkʷá-neé, -kʷá-neé(-ne)	íʔkwá-nɛέ, mέ-ʔkʷá-nɛέ, -kʷá-nɛέ(-nɛ)		inheritance			See Language page
Bunuba	mirliy			loan
Burarra	-dumbulk			unknown
Cahuilla	-nem'a			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	bekotʃká	bekotʃká					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	shipich	ʃipitʃ		unique			See Language page
Canela		ii-ko				Jê form is ŋo.	See Language page
Carapana	ñemeriti	ɲɛmɛɾiti					See Language page
Carijona	ererɨ			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	e-takʷa	e-takʷa		inheritance/Panoan			See Language page
Cayuvava		čaβe					See Language page
Central Aymara	k´iwcha	kˀiwča					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	kyl:a-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		'ahpa; ['basu]					See Language page
Chemehuevi	nywy/mp(i)			inheritance
Chipaya		pʰaaxtš					See Language page
Chiriguano		(če-)pɨa		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		-kaxlek ~ -kyaxlek (m.)					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	7al'			inheritance			Klar 1977:95
Chumash Cruzeno	cal			inheritance			Klar 1977:95
Chumash Ineseno	7al'			inheritance			Klar 1977:95
Chumash Obispeno	7ala			inheritance			Klar 1977:95
Chumash Ventureno	7al			inheritance			Klar 1977:95
Chácobo	taka	taka		inheritance/Tacanan			See Language page
Cocopa	cpuSu/, nycpuSu/			inheritance
Cofán	sansan	sãsã				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	nyymY			inheritance
Cubeo	penibo	pɛnibo		loan	Arawak		See Language page
Cuiva		pe-hápa-to	hígado, liver				Huber & Reed 1992:273
Cupeño	-nema	[nəmə]		inheritance
Desano	ñehmeturi	ñe ʔmeturi		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	biḏila			unknown
Dhuwal	ŋalthiri			loan
Dhuwala	ngalthiri			inheritance
Diyari	kalhu			inheritance
DiyariREU	kalu			inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu	2298			inheritance
Djapu	ŋalthiri			inheritance
Djeoromitxi	bä	bǝ					See Language page
Djinang	miḏimiḏi			unknown
Dâw	tuút	tǔt		unique			See Language page
Epena		'tʰãri					See Language page
Ese Ejja		e-kakʷa ~ e-takʷa		inheritance/Panoan			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	e-kakwa	e-kakwa					See Language page
Eñepa	-y-inki-	j-inki-		unique			See Language page
Gabrielino	ah-sahr			inheritance			CHM/MC241
Gajirrabeng	jiyab			loan	Jaminjung
Gooniyandi	mirli			loan
Guayabero		pa-háp-t, peh hap-t		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Gupapuyngu	ngalthiri			inheritance
Gurindji	malumpa			loan	Mudburra
Hodï	oteto			unique			See Language page
Huambisa	akap	akap					See Language page
Hup	hɔ́	hɔ́		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		-'upana					See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	chepesii	[tʃəpəˈsiˑ]		inheritance
Ingá	sungu	sungu					See Language page
Iquito	cúhuaaja (also used for heart)	kúwaaha (also used for heart)		inheritance			See Language page
Itonama		uh-wanɨʔta					See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	kabir	kabir		inheritance
Jaru	miligi			loan
Jawi	allan	alan		inheritance
Kabiyari	úupana	úupana					See Language page
Kaingang	tỹmẽ	-tə̃mɛ̃; tɨ̃mɛ̃					See Language page
Kakataibo		takʷa				Panoan takʷa.	See Language page
Kakua		mam-daʔ [liver/pit-cl.round]		unique			See Language page
Kalapalo	silupe (same as 'heart')	silupe (same as 'heart')		semantic shift	heart		See Language page
Kamayurá	pere	pere		unknown			See Language page
Kanamarí	-ma	-ma	fígado				Magalhães 2018:352
Karajarri	4222			unknown
Karajá		maa					See Language page
Kariña	ore	ore	liver				Courtz 2007:331
Karitiana	kyry	kɨɾɨ		unknown			See Language page
Katukina		taka					See Language page
Kawaiisu	nywy-bi			inheritance
Kija	mirli-			inheritance
Kiliwa	lphii			unknown
Kitanemuk	nymac			inheritance
Kokama	pɨna	pɨna		inheritance			See Language page
Koreguaje	chemepʉ	dʒemepʉ		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	ñahma sahwaro (Waltz)	jahma sahwaɾo (Waltz)		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	eri	eri					See Language page
Lake Miwok	ku/lla			inheritance
Lengua		#NAME?					See Language page
Lokono	bana	bana	liver				Pet 1987:362
Luiseño	no:ma (possessed only)			inheritance
Maca		#NAME?					See Language page
Macaguan		pi-apat		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Maidu	ky/lla			inheritance
Maihiki	nemebɨ ja	nemebɨ xã		inheritance			See Language page
Makiritare	chö:dedü (KH)	tʃə:dedɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Makuna	~jebe-reti-ro	~jebe-reti-ro		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	yere (IDS)	yere (IDS)		inheritance			See Language page
Malyangapa	thangka			loan	Thura-Yura
Mangala	mirliki			inheritance
Mapoyo	i'tere	i'tere					See Language page
Mapudungun		ke				Ranquel form is vukuɲ ~ vukuiɲ.	See Language page
Matses	isese, tacua	isese, takua		unknown; inheritance/Tacanan			See Language page
Minica Witoto	báno.i {my}	báno.i {my}					See Language page
Miriwung	meling			inheritance
Mithaka	kalu			inheritance
Mocoví		l-olamek					See Language page
Mojave	chavuthii			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		na'kač					See Language page
Movima	sonɗo	sonɗo					See Language page
Mudburra	jabarrka
Mudburra	jabarrka			loan
Muinane	íga-no, íigá {his}	íga-no, íigá {his}					See Language page
Muisca	tyhyba	tɨhɨβa					See Language page
Murui Witoto	bano.i	bano.i		inheritance			See Language page
Mutsun	sire:sum “liver, heart”			inheritance			O77:331
Máku	i:sa	i:sa					See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		hoːh					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		hoːh		inheritance			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	shungu, yana shungu	ʃungu, jana ʃungu					See Language page
Ngamini	kalu			inheritance
Ngandi	gu-dhiw			inheritance
Ngarluma	ngamarri
Ngumbarl	kabir	kabir		inheritance
Nheengatu	piá (also used for heart and stomach?	piá (also used for heart and stomach?		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	parni			unique
Nimanburru	gabor, gawir	kabor, kawir		inheritance
Ninam	amok (gom)	amok (gom)		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	kylla			inheritance
Nivaclé		-akɔxɬɔk	liver				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	tháãrɨ (hígado), dadyi-thãrí (hígado de gente), phaká-thãrí (hígado de vaca), beegí-thˈãrí (hígado de venado), bidhóbe-thãrí (hígado de zaino)	tháãrɨ, dadʒi-thãrí, phaká-thãrí, beːgí-thˈãrí, bidhóbe-thãrí					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	mirliki
Northern Nyangumarta	wanpa			inheritance
Northern Paiute	nywy			inheritance			Thornes 03:165
Northern Sierra Miwok	kyl:a-			inheritance
Nukak		t∫alu2		unique			See Language page
Nyangumarta	ralyu-ralyu			inheritance
Nyikina	yookoola	yukula		unknown
Nyulnyul	gaabir	kaabir		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	banó-hï	banó-hɯ					See Language page
Ocaina	fahúúnxo	ɸaʔɯ̃'ɯ̃'xo		inheritance			See Language page
Paakantyi	ḏaŋgunja
Pacahuara		'taka					See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		ᵐbɨʔa					See Language page
Pemon	eereerɨpö (E1980); yere (M2000)	ererɨpö (E1980)		inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	ubana	ubana					See Language page
Piaroa	chatjiyä	tʃɑthijæ		unknown			See Language page
Pilagá		le-lamek					See Language page
Pirriya	[missing]			missing
Pitta-Pitta	kalu			inheritance
Plains Miwok	kyl:a-, ky:la-			inheritance
Puinave	-nam-'ot	namʔot		unique			See Language page
Pumé	mã						See Language page
Páez	meequi	meeki					See Language page
Qawasqar		atʰaḳ				Bo records atʰaken for Central QWS.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	kipchan	kiptʃan					See Language page
Rirratjingu	biḏila			unknown
Ritharrngu	ngalthirr			loan
Salinan A	aacx (A),			unknown
Salinan M	acx			unknown			Mason 1918:126
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		aphikhik; aihikhik					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		eŋhekhek					See Language page
Sanumá	pili amugu, amokɨ (EM72)	pili amugu, amokɨ (EM72)		inheritance			See Language page
Sape	mapi	mapi					See Language page
Secoya	seme	sæmæ̃					See Language page
Selknam		ḳàʔyi					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	iyas			unknown
Serrano	nym-yic			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		taka					See Language page
Sikuani	japa (1)			inheritance			See Language page
Siona	sˀeme-pˀɨ	sˀeme-pˀɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Siriano	jẽʔ'bẽ́	jẽʔ'bẽ́					See Language page
Sirionó	eya	eya		unique			See Language page
Southern Paiute	nyngwy-N			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	shungu	ʃungu					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	kyl:a-			inheritance
Southern Ute	nuupY			inheritance
Tacana		e-takʷa					See Language page
Tanimuca	kaʔ'sia	kaʔ'sia		unique			See Language page
Tariana	kalétana	kalétana		unique			See Language page
Tatuyo	jẽbẽ-'rí'tí	jẽbẽ-'rí'tí					See Language page
Taushiro	a´ju	aʔxu					See Language page
Tehuelche		'čˀew					See Language page
Tikuna	naca [3-5, 5]	naka		unique			See Language page
Tinigua	mãʔnzɨnã						See Language page
Tiriyó	ere	ere		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		l-lamek					See Language page
Trinitario		-'topono					See Language page
Trumai	(iau) aʔtsi; (ha) atsi	(iau) aʔtsi; (ha) atsi		unique			See Language page
Tukano	ñe'meturí	ñe'meturí		inheritance	E-W Tuk		See Language page
Tuyuka	yẽbẽ-di'ti	jẽbẽ-diʔti					See Language page
Tübatulabal	nyyma-l			inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone	nymy(ttsi)			inheritance
Urarina	nahari	nahaɽi		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	oy-ere-rɨ	oy-ere-rɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Waikhana	jãʔ'bã saʔ'waro	jãʔ'bã saʔ'waro					See Language page
Waimaja	ñɛ̃mɛ̃́ňĩ̀tʰì	ɲɛ̃mɛ̃́rĩ̀tʰì					See Language page
Walmajarri	mirliki			loan
Wangkayutyuru	[missing]			missing
Waorani	batæ̃			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	-kʰɨˀbaa	-kʰɨˀbaa		inheritance	Proto-Arawak		See Language page
Wappo	kokh (also core, heart)			inheritance
Warao	mahi	mahi					See Language page
Wari	tarawanašiʔ (tarawan)	tarawanaʃiʔ (tarawan)					See Language page
Warrwa	gawiri, gabir	kawiri, kabir		inheritance
Washo	d-ilek			unknown			K310
Waurá	#NAME?	#NAME?		inheritance			See Language page
Wayampi	pɨa	pɨa		inheritance			See Language page
Wayana	ele	ele		inheritance			See Language page
Wayuu		ta-pana				Same as 'leaf' 08.560. Appears to be related to the word of Taino origin, and the place-name 'Habana'.	See Language page
Western Mono	ny/wy/			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		-to'nek					See Language page
Wintu	kila			inheritance
Wubuy	amarn			unique
Yabarana		je'reri					See Language page
Yagua	sucatyu	sukãtju		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		taka					See Language page
Yan-nhangu	ŋalthiri			inheritance
Yandruwandha	kalu, ngarangara			inheritance
Yanomam	amok (EM72)	amok		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	pei ãmoku, amokɨ (EM72)	pei ãmoku, amokɨ (EM72)		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	[missing]			missing
Yavapai	chvthi/:, chwthi/:			inheritance
Yavitero	hane	hane					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	kadlu			inheritance
Yawuru	warnba XXngl loan from Karajarri	warnba		loan	Karajarri
Yine		ho-pna				Piro-Apuriná form is -'pana.	See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	dI/\p			inheritance			K 1963
Yokuts Yawdanchi	tipH			inheritance			K07:238,G64
Yokuts Yowlumne	tiph			inheritance			Golla 1964:63
Yuhup	hɔ̂	hɔ̂		inheritance			See Language page
Yuki	ho:			inheritance			S&S 1984
Yukpa	ítore	dʒi'wats̺uts̺o					See Language page
Yukuna	panaji	panahi		inheritance	doubtful loan Arawak > several Witoto languages		See Language page
Yuruti	jẽ'bẽ́tuti	jẽ'bẽ́tuti					See Language page
Záparo	kawaha	kawaha					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Arutani
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Barasano
Bardi
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Jawi
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Kanamarí
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Pacahuara
Paraguayan Guaraní
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Sape
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tinigua
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Warao
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Wubuy
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuruti
Záparo

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