Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

Jawi

Family
Nyulnyulan
Region
Australia
ISO 639-3
djw
Location
-16.42°, 123.19°
Notes
Features
Basic Vocabulary
Flora Fauna Vocabulary
Cultural Vocabulary
Ethnographic Information
Data Sources
none


Basic Vocabulary (186)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
1pl.excl nosotros (exclusivo) nós (exclusivo) grammar arrudu kuyarra XXngl we two excl (1+3) arrudu kuyarra inheritance
1pl.incl nosotros (inclusivo) nós (inclusivo) grammar arridil arridil inheritance
1sg yo eu grammar ngi ngi inheritance
2pl ustedes vocês grammar kurr kurr inheritance
2sg xx xx grammar jurninji jurninji inheritance
3pl ellos/ellas eles/elas grammar irr(i) irr(i) inheritance
3sg el/ella ele/ela grammar nyoru; ginyingg nyoru; kinyingk inheritance
above encima, arriba acima location kandee kandi inheritance
again de nuevo, otra vez de novo grammar missing
alive missing
all todo todos other missing
and y e grammar agal agal inheritance
ankle tobillo tornozelo body dyaŋgudugudu jaŋgudugudu semantic shift
armpit axila, sobaco axila body nirngunyburr nirngunyburr loan into protolanguage Pama-Nyungan
ashamed xx xx mental missing
ashes xx xx environment kadjerdoo kajerrdu inheritance
at en, a em, a location -on -on inheritance
back espalda costas body neear niyarr inheritance
bad mal mal quality logal lukal inheritance
belly barriga barriga body noonga XXngl stomach (internal) nunga inheritance
below abajo, debajo abaixo location jimpen jimben inheritance
big grande grande quality errgoodarra [irrgudarra] irrkudarra inheritance
bite morder morder body innamundarra innamundarra inheritance
black negro preto colour meelga milka semantic shift
blood sangre sangue body gurnbul kurnbul inheritance
blow soplar soprar body missing
blunt xx xx quality missing
bone hueso osso body gaanyji [kanjie] kaanyyi [kaanyji] inheritance
boomerang xx xx manufacture jeewa jiwa inheritance
breast pecho, seno peito body neemarra; numana nimarra; numana inheritance
breathe respirar respirar body lin-innyan(i) lin-innyan(i) unknown
burn quemar queimar environment missing
chew masticar, mascar mastigar body missing
child niño, niña criança human boar bo inheritance
climb subir subir motion missing
cloud nube nuvem environment arol arol unique
cold frío frio quality ingurr~bindya ingurr~binja unknown
come venir vir motion barlambudyi barlambudyi unknown
cook cocinar cozinhar impact inheritance
count contar contar mental missing
cry llorar chorar mental nunalgin nunalkin inheritance
cut xx xx impact keernunga kirrnunga unique
die/be dead morir morrer state injibee inyibi inheritance
dig cavar cavar impact nungalorma nungalorrma unknown
dingo/wolf fauna koaradingjoon koarradingyun inheritance
dirty sucio sujo quality missing
dream soñar sonhar mental inheritance
drink beber, tomar beber body missing
dry seco seco quality missing
dust polvo poeira environment missing
ear oreja orelha body neelamurr nilamurr inheritance
earth/soil tierra terra environment buru buru inheritance
eat comer comer body nunalee XXngl I'm eating it. |fv{nganarli} -arli inheritance
egg huevo ovo fauna logorr lokorr inheritance
eye ojo olho body nimmie nimmye inheritance
faeces heces, mierda, excremento, estiércol fezes body burrma burrma unknown
fall caer cair motion nunjalgoo nunyalku inheritance
far lejos longe quality mara marra inheritance
fat/grease grasa gordura body li li inheritance
father padre, papá pai kinship koola kula inheritance
fear miedo medo mental missing
feather pluma pena fauna missing
fire fuego fogo environment missing
fish xx xx fauna arlie arrlye inheritance
flow fluir fluir motion missing
flower flor flor environment maroo marru inheritance
fly volar voar motion missing
fog niebla, neblina nevoeira, bruma, neblina environment missing
foot pie pé body nimbal nimbal inheritance
fruit fruta fruta flora missing
good bueno bom quality corna korna inheritance
grow crecer crescer state missing
hair (of head) cabello cabelo body moan moan inheritance
hand mano mão body nemalla nemalla inheritance
head cabeza cabeça body nalm nalm inheritance
hear oír ouvir mental nungalamongen nungalamongen inheritance
heavy pesado pesado quality missing
hide esconder esconder motion missing
hit golpear, pegar bater impact -ngayidima- [nungajedima] -ngayidima- [nungayedima] inheritance
hit (with hand) xx xx impact missing
hold correr, asegurar, sostener segurar other missing
how? como como grammar missing
if si se grammar missing
in/inside dentro, adentro dentro location missing
intestines intestinos intestinos body missing
itch hormiguear, sentir comezón coçar body missing
kill matar matar impact missing
know/be knowledgeable saber, conecer saber, conhecer mental mallangarie mallangarrye inheritance
lake lago lago environment missing
laugh reír rir mental nunamar nunamarr inheritance
leaf hoja folha environment peelel bilel inheritance
left/left hand izquierdo esquerdo location/body ŋarlgarrman ŋarlgarrman inheritance
leg/foot pierna perna body nilangga nilangka unknown
lie down acostarse, echarse deitar motion missing
lightning rayo, relámpago relampago environment missing
liver hígado figado body allan alan inheritance
long largo comprido, longo quality neewandie niwanje inheritance
louse piollo, piojo piolho fauna missing
lung pulmón pulmão body missing
man/male hombre homem human inheritance
meat/flesh carne carne fauna missing
moon luna lua environment koowedie kuwidi inheritance
mother madre, mamá mãe kinship injib inyib semantic shift
mouth boca boca body neemanyie nimanyye inheritance
name nombre nome human missing
nape base del cuello, nuca nuca body porta borrda inheritance
near/close cerca de perto quality ungana [angan] ungana [angan] inheritance
neck cuello pescoço body gurrbarl gurrbarl semantic shift
new nuevo novo quality missing
night noche noite time missing
no/not no não grammar arra; arragidge arra; arrakidke inheritance
nose nariz nariz body neemal nimal inheritance
old viejo velho quality missing
one uno um number arinjie arrinyye inheritance
open/uncover abrir abrir other missing
other otro outro grammar missing
pain/painful/sick dolor, doloroso, enfermo dor, doloroso, doente body iga iga inheritance
person/human being persona pessoa human amb amb inheritance
pimple xx xx body missing
rain lluvia chuva environment missing
red rojo vermelho colour missing
right/right hand derecha direita location/body dyurruŋungardi jurruŋungardi inheritance
road/path camino caminho manufacture maur mawurr inheritance
roof xx xx manufacture [absent] missing
root raíz raiz flora missing
rotten podrido podre quality missing
sand arena areia environment barnga barrnga inheritance
say decir dizer mental missing
scratch rascar rasgar impact missing
see ver ver mental nungalal, nunjal nungalal, nunyal inheritance
sharp afilado, filudo, filoso afiado quality missing
shoot tirar, disparar, balear atirar impact missing
short corto curto quality narrda narrda inheritance
shoulder hombro ombro body langan; langan; inheritance
sit sentar(se) sentar state miyala miyala inheritance
skin piel pele body bardun bardun inheritance
sky cielo céu environment missing
sleep dormir dormir body missing
small pequeño pequeno quality morrol morrol inheritance
smell (tr/intr) xx xx body missing
smoke humo fumaça environment koongoodor kungkudu inheritance
spit escupir cuspir body missing
split partir, dividir rachar, dividir, partir impact missing
squeeze estrujar, exprimir espremer impact duly duly inheritance
stab/pierce apuñalar, acuchillar apunhalar impact missing
stand estar de pié ficar em pé state jidjeranja jijerranya inheritance
star estrella estrela environment inderee inderri unique
steal robar roubar other missing
stone piedra pedra environment missing
suck chupar chupar body inibi ŋamarna inibi ŋamarna semantic shift
sun sol sol time algarr aalkarr inheritance
sweat sudar suor, suar body missing
swell hincharse inchar body missing
swim nadar nadar motion galguriny galguriny inheritance
tail cola, rabo rabo body jungarrda jungarrda semantic shift
that ese/esa esse grammar missing
thick grueso, gordo, espeso grosso quality missing
thin delgado fino quality missing
think pensar pensar mental missing
this este/esta este grammar missing
three tres tres number edjar irrjar inheritance
throat garganta garganta body neemanyie XXngl mouth nimanyye inheritance
throw tirar, lanzar atirar, jogar impact nunagoola nunakula unique
thunder truenos trovão environment missing
tie up/fasten atar, amarrar amarrar impact missing
tongue lengua lingua body neeingalla niingalla inheritance
tooth diente dente body jaroong jarrung inheritance
true xx xx quality missing
turn girar, volter, torcer virar other missing
two dos dois number kooyarra kuyarra inheritance
vomit vomitar vomitar body iŋganybu iŋganybu inheritance
walk caminar, andar andar motion wal wal inheritance
water agua agua environment orla orrla inheritance
wet mojado molhado quality missing
what? que, qué que grammar aŋgi gurrundyin ? aŋgi gurrunjin ? inheritance
when? cuando quando grammar missing
where? donde onde grammar jennabia XXgl from where jennabiya inheritance
white blanco branco colour missing
who? quien, quién quem grammar ungaba ungaba inheritance
wife esposa esposa kinship mullar mullarr inheritance
wind viento vento environment tooroora durrurra inheritance
wing ala asa body missing
woman/female mujer mulher human hoarrang hoarrang inheritance
work trabajar trabalhar other mooragool murrakul inheritance
yawn bostezar bocejar body missing
yellow amarillo amarelo colour missing


Flora Fauna Vocabulary (9)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
tree árbol arvore flora-fauna burdog burrdok inheritance
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna missing
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna carabel; karrabel karrabil inheritance
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna noora noora nurra nurra inheritance
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna ella iila inheritance
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna missing
kangaroo (generic) flora-fauna missing
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna tora dorra inheritance
spider araña aranha flora-fauna missing


Cultural Vocabulary (111)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
afterworld, land of dead, Heaven tierra do los muertos terra dos mortos culture-mythology missing
armband dress missing
awl subsistence tool missing
axe/stone axe hacha (de piedra) machado (de pedra) subsistence tool jamion inheritance
bag (string) culture-material missing
bait for fishing cebo, carnada para pescar, empate (Peru) isca subsistence tool missing
basket (general) canasta, canasto, cesta cesto culture-material missing
body feather decorations culture-mythology missing
boomerang/throwing stick (generic) subsistence tool jiwa inheritance
boomerang (number 7) subsistence tool missing
boomerang (small) subsistence tool missing
bowl (coolamon) culture-material wularda inheritance
broom escoba vassoura culture-material missing
canoe canoa canoa transport missing
cicatrice culture-mythology missing
clapsticks culture-mythology missing
club (nulla-nulla) subsistence tool missing
cook food food missing
cook in earth oven food missing
damper food missing
dance (generic) culture-mythology missing
digging stick subsistence tool muŋurr unique Bardi ‘jealous (preverb)’
dipper (small coolamon) subsistence tool missing
dream sueño, soñar sonho, sonhar culture-mythology missing
dreaming culture-mythology missing
drone pipe culture-mythology missing
fire drill subsistence tool missing
fire-saw other i:na inheritance
fireplace hogar lareira other missing
firewood leña lenha other missing
fish poison barbasco, matapez (Colombia) timbó subsistence tool missing
fish (with fish-poison) pescar con barbasco, barbasquear pescar com timbó; tinguijar food missing
fish (with line) anzuelear, pescar con linea pescar (com linha) food missing
fish (with spear) food missing
fishing line cordel/cuerda p/ pescar, sedal, tanze linha de pesca subsistence tool missing
fishtrap (permanent) subsistence tool wirrye unique is this English ‘wier’?
fishtrap (woven) subsistence tool missing
flour (European) food missing
flour (bush) food missing
game animal caza, animal de caza caça, animal de caça food arl inheritance
ghost (of dead person)/evil spirit espíritu malo, espíritu maligno, fantasma, demonio espirito culture-mythology missing
glue subsistence tool missing
grave tumba, sepultura, sepulcro sepultura, sepulcro, cova culture-mythology missing
grog food ka:ri loan Nyulnyul WW %kari
hair belt dress baali inheritance
headband dress missing
healer curandero benzador, curandeiro, kumu (Tukano) culture-mythology missing
honey miel mel food missing
house (European) other barrlye, miya loan areal WW %mayaru
hunt cazar caçar food missing
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology missing
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology missing
knife cuchillo faca culture-material jimborrayirrye loan Malay
loincloth taparrabos, guayuco, pampanilla tanga, tapa-sexo dress missing
love song culture-mythology missing
mangrove raft transport missing
message stick culture-mythology missing
mortar mortero pilão subsistence tool missing
nosepeg other missing
paddle/oar remo remo transport missing
ochre culture-mythology missing
paint body, body paint pintura corporal pintura corporal culture-mythology missing
pestle pilón, mano de mortero, mazo, moledor mão de pilão subsistence tool missing
pipe for tobacco pipa cachimbo other missing
public song cycle culture-mythology missing
red paint culture-mythology missing
resin resina, brea, copal resina, brea, breu subsistence tool missing
salt sal sal food missing
shelter (native) other missing
song (generic) canción, canto canção culture-mythology missing
song (for entertainment) culture-mythology missing
spear lanza lança subsistence tool errol inheritance
spear (fighting) subsistence tool missing
spear (fishing) subsistence tool missing
spearthrower subsistence tool yangal loan
speartip subsistence tool missing
string (from hair) culture-material missing
string (from vine) culture-material missing
sugar acculturation missing
tea food missing
tobacco (European) narcotics luburr-luburr unique
tobacco (native) narcotics missing
spirit child culture-mythology missing
wax cera cera other missing
white paint culture-mythology missing
windbreak other missing
yandy (n) culture-material missing
school escuela escola acculturation missing
net subsistence tool missing
bottle botella garrafa acculturation missing
paper papel papel acculturation missing
corpse food jiwarra inheritance
chicken gallina galinha acculturation missing
tree coffin culture-mythology missing
clothing ropa roupa culture-mythology missing
skirt falda, saya, fustan, pollera saia culture-material missing
shoes zapatos sapatos dress missing
medicine narcotics missing
earth oven food missing
policeman polícia policía acculturation linja semantic shift
cat gato gato acculturation minyaw loan Kriol WW %minyaw
gun arma, escopeta espingarda, fusil acculturation jilamon loan Kriol
hat sombero chapéu dress dangorr inheritance
rope/string mecate, cuerda, soga corda culture missing
bottom grinding stone manufacture [absent] missing
digging stick subsistence tool moongorr XXngl in Bardi as the preverb for 'jealous' mungorr unique
winnow aventar, tirar (sementes) joeirar manufacture missing
top grinding stone metate, mano; piedra de moler metate, mano manufacture [absent] missing
spearthrower subsistence tool yangal yangal inheritance
spear lanza lança subsistence tool errol errol inheritance
house other barlie, mia barrlye, miya inheritance


Ethnographic Information
Current Population (speakers) Former Population Estimate Subsistence Preference Density Sedentism Ecotome Marriage Pattern Notes Source
small HG medium seasonal yes