Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

no/not

Semantic Field
grammar
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
no
Meaning Portuguese
não

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
Bankalachi Toloim hi'-e 221; hais (K1907) inheritance
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone ke inheritance
Cahuilla ki'i (no), kilye (not) unique S&H 1979
Central Sierra Miwok 7e/w:yty- “No” inheritance
Chemehuevi kac(u)/ inheritance
Chumash Barbareno (-e-) unknown Klar 1977:59
Chumash Cruzeno -ani-, he "No" inheritance Klar 1977:59
Chumash Ineseno *ni- “not” (vbl pref); 7ini “not” unknown A 7
Chumash Obispeno my-, ky-ny (neg. imp.) inheritance Klar 1977:59
Chumash Ventureno muc'il “there is no, not”, mus-, mu-, muhu-; mu B67:14 Harrington 1974:6
Cocopa la, mm, 7a~/7a~ “No”, lax “to be not” inheritance
Comanche ke- inheritance
Cupeño qay [qay] inheritance
Esselen ana “no” unknown Shaul 1995:223
Gabrielino xay inheritance
Iipay 'Aa umaaw [ʊˈmaˑu] inheritance
Kawaiisu juw-aa-ty unique
Kiliwa kWat (not); mat (no) inheritance
Kitanemuk naw unknown
Lake Miwok he/lla inheritance
Luiseño qay inheritance
Maidu wi/jje unknown
Mojave kavaaptch, kavaark, kavaarptch, kava/ata, va/ata, va/atka/ kavaar unknown
Mutsun 7ekwe inheritance O77:13
Nisenan m7m unknown
Northern Paiute gai “No” inheritance SAA 1982:27
Northern Sierra Miwok -7angky- “not” inheritance
Plains Miwok he:la(7) “no”, inheritance
Salinan A ke/ra7, ka/ra7 “no!”; ke/ra7 “not” p. 42 unknown
Salinan M ha:/kse unknown Mason 1918:154
Seri (Comcaac) saate (neg. is m-) unknown
Serrano qai, qa- inheritance
Southern Paiute qa; qatcu inheritance
Southern Sierra Miwok ken inheritance
Southern Ute ka-, kaa, ka, kach “no, not” inheritance
Tübatulabal haa7ish, haaji, hash, ha/jji inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone ke(e) inheritance
Wappo hi/7i (both vowels nasalized) unknown
Washo -e/:s unknown J?
Western Mono qa/du7 inheritance
Wintu -mina inheritance
Yavapai ?u/mi inheritance
Yokuts Palewyami k'ami “No” loan direction unknown JPH Gamble 91
Yokuts Yawdanchi k'amu “No”, loan direction unknown K07:245
Yokuts Yowlumne ohom inheritance K 1963
Yuki Ta,l- “negative” inheritance S&S 1984
Yuma waly ... ma H4:29 inheritance
Baniwa ñáme ɲáme inheritance See Language page
Carijona uwa inheritance See Language page
Cubeo bi bi unique See Language page
Dâw mẽr [Neg Exst] mæ̃h unique See Language page
Desano bã́rá, bãrĩ-a bã́rá, bãrĩ-a inheritance See Language page
Eñepa čiʔka (IDS) tʃiʔka (IDS) unique See Language page
Hodï ĩte unique See Language page
Waorani baa; wĩĩ unique See Language page
Hup pã̌ [Neg exist] ~pǎ [Neg exist] unknown See Language page
Kakua wîʔi-kan [not.exist/not.have-NEG], dĩʔ4kãd4 [H&R] unique See Language page
Makushi kaane (IDS) kaane (IDS) unique See Language page
Nheengatu umba´á umbaʔa unknown See Language page
Ninam pemi, nnaha (EM72) pemi, nnaha unique See Language page
Nukak dʒabʔ4 unique See Language page
Maihiki beo-hɨ̃ beo-hɨ̃ inheritance See Language page
Pemon ake, ake kru, ake nekan, ake rua, pra -puen (A1981); a'ke (M2000) ake, ake kɾu, ake nekan, ake ɾua, pɾa, puen (A1981) unique; inheritance See Language page
Sanumá pəla (EM72) pəla unique See Language page
Sikuani jume (2) ápo-, hú:me: inheritance See Language page
Tukano bãrĩ- bãrĩ- inheritance See Language page
Kotiria ~de nẽ unknown See Language page
Yanomam ma (EM72) ma doubtful loan Arawak See Language page
Yanomami ma ma doubtful loan Arawak See Language page
Yukuna unká unká inheritance See Language page
Yuhup ni-nɨh [Neg exist] ~di-~dɨh [Neg exist] unique See Language page
Arabana padni inheritance
Bardi arra arra inheritance
Bunuba [missing] missing
Burarra ngika unknown
Dhangu yaka inheritance
Dhuwal yaka
Dhuwala yaka inheritance
Diyari wata inheritance
DiyariREU malka loan direction unknown
Djambarrpuyngu ba:yŋu
Djapu yaka unknown
Djinang ingki unknown
Gajirrabeng ngoowa inheritance
Gooniyandi marlami
Gupapuyngu yaka unknown
Gurindji kula inheritance
Jabirr-Jabirr are arre inheritance
Jaru wagurra inheritance
Jawi arra; arragidge arra; arrakidke inheritance
Karajarri molal unknown
Kija nguwan inheritance
Malyangapa Mal: kurri unique
Mangala jumbaly (T), ngaia (T) unknown
Miriwung ngoowag inheritance
Mithaka wakala unique
Mudburra kula(anya)
Mudburra kula inheritance
Ngamini wata inheritance
Ngandi may' inheritance
Ngarluma mirda
Ngumbarl maaloo <maaloo> inheritance
Nhirrpi warrayi unique
Nimanburru are-angg [arriyangg] are-angk [arriyangk] inheritance
Northern Mangarla [missing] missing
Northern Nyangumarta [missing] missing
Nyangumarta munu
Nyikina marlu marlu inheritance
Nyulnyul are arre inheritance
Paakantyi ŋāḏa unique
Pirriya ka'ra inheritance
Pitta-Pitta malhu loan Warluwaric
Rirratjingu yaka
Ritharrngu may' loan
Walmajarri ngajirta inheritance
Wangkayutyuru malhu loan Warluwaric
Warrwa marlu marlu inheritance
Wubuy waari inheritance
Wunambal malja (V) malja (V) doubtful loan Nyulnyulan
Yan-nhangu manayala unknown
Yandruwandha pani, walya loan Arabana?
Yarluyandi wangku unique
Yawarrawarrka watja inheritance
Yawuru marlu marlu inheritance
Achagua hókai hókai inheritance See Language page
Piapoco càmita kàmita See Language page
Kabiyari uka uka See Language page
Yavitero játa, yáma háta, yáma See Language page
Wapishana auna: auna: unique See Language page
Mandawaka (haapa) (haapa) See Language page
Baure 'onkaw 'onkaw unique See Language page
Waurá aic̷a ai¢a unique See Language page
Bora tsá (T98) tsá doubtful loan, direction unknown Jivaroan See Language page
Muinane chá (W97) tʃá (W97) See Language page
Akawaio bra bra inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page
Apalai nã nã unique See Language page
Wayana uwa uwa inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó owa owa inheritance See Language page
Makiritare mmʔhmɨ (IDS) mmʔhmɨ (IDS) unique See Language page
Mapoyo tï'ra tʊ'ra See Language page
Wai Wai Φɨra Φɨra inheritance See Language page
Waimiri Atroari ie yɛ See Language page
Yabarana 'a:ma See Language page
Yukpa esma, open, mu, oteya, per, pera, pi, prac, praya, pü, sra, taré, ua, uané, uanek, va, vampermak, vánek See Language page
Kalapalo #NAME? #NAME? unique See Language page
Northern Emberá 'n'n (IDS) 'n'n (IDS) See Language page
Guayabero dóˀdoˀ ('no más' - no more) unique See Language page
Macaguan ahí, jahí unique See Language page
Cuiva bára, húme no (Spanish), not Huber & Reed 1992:260
Playero bahára See Language page
Cofán me'i, -mbi me̡ʔI, mbi phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra da; dalla; dánpari nta; ntaja; ntánpaɾi unique See Language page
Páez me, meth me, metj See Language page
Tikuna tama [2, 3] tama unique See Language page
Urarina kwatia kwatia unique See Language page
Camsa ndóɲe ndóɲe See Language page
Andoke hʌ́má hʌ́má unique See Language page
Pumé kʰʊrĩ ma See Language page
Tinigua hewa See Language page
Puinave bəi-dut (nothing) bəi-dut unique See Language page
Ashuar atsá, tsá atsa, tsa See Language page
Huambisa atsa atsa See Language page
Aguaruna atsá atsa doubtful loan, direction unknown Boran See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect péh [Neg exist] unknown possibly cognate In Hup See Language page
Matses pada, padenquio pada, padenkio unknown See Language page
Chácobo -ma; -yama -ma; -yama loan, direction unknown Cavineña See Language page
Yagua ne, ni, nenu (imp.); -muy, -na, -nay (neg. suff.) ne, ni:, nenu; mu:j, na:, na:j unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua mana mana See Language page
Ingá mana mana See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua nama nama See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano mana mana See Language page
Piaroa hE'kuah hæɁkuah unique See Language page
Sáliva jĩhã, jũhũ hĩʔã, hũʔũ unique See Language page
Bará bãdĩ See Language page
Barasano bãdĩ- bãdĩ- See Language page
Carapana bã́-dĩ bã́-dĩ See Language page
Makuna bã- bã- inheritance See Language page
Yuruti 'bã́dĩĩ 'bã́dĩĩ See Language page
Waikhana bã'dã-re bã'dã-re See Language page
Siriano bã'rĩ́- bã'rĩ́- See Language page
Tanimuca he dõʔ'õ he dõʔ'õ unique See Language page
Tatuyo -bẽẽ -bẽẽ See Language page
Tuyuka bãdĩ bãdĩ See Language page
Waimaja mɛ̃́ mɛ̃́ See Language page
Koreguaje pãamʉ pãamʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona beo-hi beo-hi inheritance See Language page
Secoya paji pã'hĩ See Language page
Karitiana o´ĩ oʔĩ unknown See Language page
Kokama tɨma tɨma unknown See Language page
Wayampi ãnĩ (G89) ãnĩ (G89) unknown See Language page
Sirionó tei; eã (negative) (P85) tei; eã unknown See Language page
Ocaina aán; aanñi aã́; ã́ã́ɲí unique See Language page
Murui Witoto dama dama (B83) unique See Language page
Iquito caa kaa unknown See Language page
Záparo taykwa tajkʷa See Language page
Wari om (lit. 'not exist'; E&K97) om (lit. 'not exist'; E&K97) See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo pahaa; mia pahaa; mia See Language page
Cavineña ama; -ma; aihama; daha; hipa; bato ama; -ma; aihama; daha; hipa; bato loan, direction unknown Chácobo See Language page
Central Aymara jani xani See Language page
Kwazá hỹʔỹ hỹʔỹ See Language page
Movima ka-ʔi (J62) ka-ʔi See Language page
Kaingang vò, tũ wɔ, tũ See Language page
Canela tũm See Language page
Suyá kér, két kér, két See Language page
Djeoromitxi tõ tõ See Language page
Nivaclé am no, negative https://ids.clld.org/
Lokono kho kʰo not Pet 1987:365
Kariña no no no Yamado 2010:779