Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

Yukpa

Family: Cariban
Region: South America
ISO 639-3: yup
Location: 9.68°, -73.06°
Notes
Features: Basic Vocabulary
Flora Fauna Vocabulary
Cultural Vocabulary

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Data Sources: Huber, R. and Reed, R. (1992). Comparative vocabulary: selected words in indigenous languages of Colombia. ILV, Bogotá. Meira, Sérgio. Wordlist. Robayo, Camilo 2000a. Introducción al estudio de la lengua yupo o yukpa. In María Stella González de Pérez & María Emilia Montes Rodríguez (eds.), Lenguas indígenas de Colombia: una visión descriptiva: 709-717. Santafé de Bogotá: ICC. Rodriguez, José Vicente, compiler, and others. 1995. Mamíferos colombianos: sus nombres comunes e indígenas. Bogotá: Conservation International, Fundación Mario Santo Domingo Vegamian, Félix María de 1978. Diccionario ilustrado yupa-español, español-yupa, con onomástica y apuntaciones gramaticales. Guarenas/Caracas: Formateca.

Basic Vocabulary (191)

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English	Spanish	Portuguese	Semantic Field	Part of Speech	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	General Notes	Source

English	Spanish	Portuguese	Semantic Field	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	General Notes	Source
1pl.excl	nosotros (exclusivo)	nós (exclusivo)	grammar				See Language page
1pl.incl	nosotros (inclusivo)	nós (inclusivo)	grammar	ejpe	epi	no inclusive/exclusive distinction unless noted	See Language page
1sg	yo	eu	grammar	abe, au	a'wi	For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
2pl	ustedes	vocês	grammar	amora	a'mots̺a		See Language page
2sg	xx	xx	grammar	am, amo, ejpue	amo		See Language page
3pl	ellos/ellas	eles/elas	grammar		o'ka		See Language page
3sg	el/ella	ele/ela	grammar	ake, aki, márak	ots̺		See Language page
above	encima, arriba	acima	location	otanasa´yapo, e´payo, epayi, yona, yopaí, yopaye, kitkayuna			See Language page
again	de nuevo, otra vez	de novo	grammar	chotpi´n, ep, epe, etpa, etpe, yakavno, isarpa, narpa, nasirik, ochorpa, sa´kar, sarpa, yepe			See Language page
all	todo	todos	other	kontutu, tuara, oropka, osestaorko, povo, tome, tuane´, tubara, tubaraespa			See Language page
and	y	e	grammar	ech, e´tpara, e´tparat, e´tpari			See Language page
ankle	tobillo	tornozelo	body	mikiri			See Language page
armpit	axila, sobaco	axila	body	au´ta, ya´buta, yabutata, yabustata			See Language page
ash	ceniza(s)	cinzas	environment				See Language page
at	en, a	em, a	location	akcho, akcho´mako, in, ina, nach, ojcho			See Language page
back	espalda	costas	body	kujto, müka, mueka, muekacho, oka, onka, yinka, yüka, yümoja, yümosa			See Language page
bad	mal	mal	quality	waye (SM)	waye (SM)		See Language page
bark	corteza	casca	environment	okóchare	wepʂo		See Language page
belly	barriga	barriga	body				See Language page
below	abajo, debajo	abaixo	location	pepena, yotpayi			See Language page
big	grande	grande	quality	sorpe	pʂki'to (human)		See Language page
bite	morder	morder	body	ja´skapo, jejeka, naksa, ocheska´t, osiskata, sakte, seseka, sesika, soko, tesika, tisaí, yeska, yeskapmak			See Language page
black	negro	preto	colour	korocha, korochi	ko'ts̺ots̺a		See Language page
blood	sangre	sangue	body	mino	dʒu'muts̺u		See Language page
blow	soplar	soprar	body	somma, iso´mapo, iso´mapok, tisoma			See Language page
boil/pimple	espinilla, granos	espinha, borbulha	body	karakane, kara´kane			See Language page
bone	hueso	osso	body	ejbu	dʒadʒiwu		See Language page
breast	pecho, seno	peito	body	yubántare			See Language page
breathe	respirar	respirar	body	eramsi, irampsi´taop, oramse, samako´, yorampsi, yoransi, yoranse			See Language page
burn	quemar	queimar	environment	ja´pomak, sapoma, sapuma, suchkata, tana, teka, toreka, turiyi			See Language page
chew	masticar, mascar	mastigar	body	satpu, soko, sostopa, tisai			See Language page
child	niño, niña	criança	human	kajcha, kampsi	maʂukapa		See Language page
climb	subir	subir	motion	kivana, nonako, nonoke, ono´kepo, onoko, onokpo, suksa, yüponok, yuponoko, yüponotko			See Language page
cloud	nube	nuvem	environment				See Language page
cold	frío	frio	quality	koye	kodʒepe		See Language page
come	venir	vir	motion	antka, chaktama, chatama, ekaptama, anespa, kaktama, meta, mutata, nampa, namtama, nupenta, nüpenta, nupe´ntato, oyi, oyaranma, penta, pentase, pe´ntasen, sar, sata, satama, satan, sa´tasa, sayitakma, sayitata, sayitatme, senatupemta, tam, tama, tasen, ta			See Language page
cook	cocinar	cozinhar	impact				See Language page
correct/true	verdad, de veras	verdade	quality	ayinopnecha, jetáhera, jetájeraya, muej, namoraska, ochore, ochuru, senar, setáseranye, sénar, sévar, yai, yaye, yayempe, yayino, yayonopo, yupuke, yupunkanap			See Language page
count	contar	contar	mental	ɨpɨte (SM)	ɨpɨte (SM)		See Language page
cry	llorar	chorar	mental	chinímako, chiti, mamona, osini, misukme, sena, sepme, simepome, simpürecho, sin, sine, sinebra, sini, sinokna, sinmak, sisne			See Language page
cut/hack	cortar	cortar	impact	junko, jujko, jütkapo, kámpsimak, kántimak, narek, nariksi, pensusku, punku, sujti, sujtipi, sukté, sukti, tetke, tukje, tukte, tarik, tukesi, utitpo			See Language page
day	día	dia	time	anova	anowa		See Language page
die/be dead	morir	morrer	state	ekatpo, nekká	tuweka		See Language page
dig	cavar	cavar	impact	jünkak, suka			See Language page
dingo/wolf			fauna				See Language page
dirty	sucio	sujo	quality	kemama, kuku, küma			See Language page
dream	soñar	sonhar	mental	nosekatma, ojékatmapo, okáperta, okáperat, tükremá, vüsempe, yübosetpe			See Language page
drink	beber, tomar	beber	body	sénak	tensase		See Language page
dry	seco	seco	quality	sansan (SM)	sansan (SM)		See Language page
dull/blunt	sin filo, mocho, desafilado, embotado, romo	maçante, desamolado, não afiado	quality	pöjtenkano			See Language page
dust	polvo	poeira	environment	véramsa			See Language page
ear	oreja	orelha	body	apana	dʒipana		See Language page
earth/soil	tierra	terra	environment	kúsunche	nono		See Language page
eat	comer	comer	body	énape	tu'wes̺epa		See Language page
egg	huevo	ovo	fauna	márbamüre	dʒi'neᵖts̺in		See Language page
eye	ojo	olho	body	yanu	dʒanu		See Language page
faeces	heces, mierda, excremento, estiércol	fezes	body	ueka, uékapo, vika, vikasa			See Language page
fall	caer	cair	motion	antapoma, atana, atapo, nata, na			See Language page
far	lejos	longe	quality	isotubüprecha, näpa, naipa, náipaj, náipara, nápatro, naspa, naspámako, panape, panapö, taroma, taromapra			See Language page
fat/grease	grasa	gordura	body		somuka		See Language page
father	padre, papá	pai	kinship	epmo	dʒi'mo		See Language page
fear	miedo	medo	mental	jame, kore, öpönsi, piripe, piripi, sasme			See Language page
feather	pluma	pena	fauna	yabükü	dʒupu		See Language page
fingernail	uña	unha	body	emásuru			See Language page
fire	fuego	fogo	environment	étav	weta		See Language page
flow	fluir	fluir	motion				See Language page
flower	flor	flor	environment	pejoya, pesoso, rore, uepejojo, vipisoso, yepeso, yupejo, yupeso, yupiso			See Language page
fly	volar	voar	motion		ti'wanse		See Language page
fog	niebla, neblina	nevoeira, bruma, neblina	environment	kamurpe, kamúrope, virasku			See Language page
foot	pie	pé	body	ninse	dʒuse		See Language page
fruit	fruta	fruta	flora	uepüri, viüpüre, yopüre, epürö			See Language page
good	bueno	bom	quality	patuma	ku'ts̺e		See Language page
green	verde	verde	quality	chape, sipe	s̺epa		See Language page
grow	crecer	crescer	state	natüpi, samaya, atone, atüne			See Language page
hair (of head)	cabello	cabelo	body	kupko, meje	dʒunse		See Language page
hand	mano	mão	body	oma	dʒoma		See Language page
head	cabeza	cabeça	body	ábara, abásaret	dʒiwasa		See Language page
hear	oír	ouvir	mental	pémetak	te'ta		See Language page
heart	corazón	coração	body	ókano	dʒi'wats̺ts̺uts̺u		See Language page
heavy	pesado	pesado	quality	komójera, komóijira, komosi, kómosi, komoské, tomós, tomosi			See Language page
hide	esconder	esconder	motion	jómak, seprarko, soma, tépsera, yeprarko, yiprarko			See Language page
hit	golpear, pegar	bater	impact	jünkacha, kichkoyuna, kuyúbira, maipo, matape, osikosa, sebo, sökocha, tichoka, tinkrucha, tésispa, urutka, yipsuraka, yubu, yúbura, yúkachara			See Language page
hold	correr, asegurar, sostener	segurar	other	japucha, yepapo, yupakö			See Language page
hot	caliente	quente	quality	oúatpo	tu'mes̺ne		See Language page
how?	como	como	grammar	maisi, ot, otask, otaska, otatka, otasere, otna, otnái			See Language page
if	si	se	grammar	pip			See Language page
in/inside	dentro, adentro	dentro	location	yantaya, yota, yotano			See Language page
intestines	intestinos	intestinos	body	yubi, yupeje, ipójet			See Language page
itch	hormiguear, sentir comezón	coçar	body				See Language page
kill	matar	matar	impact	etoka, nechókata	ts̺ts̺oka		See Language page
know/be knowledgeable	saber, conecer	saber, conhecer	mental	oratka, vau			See Language page
lake	lago	lago	environment	kunayuatpö, kunayubatpöpö			See Language page
laugh	reír	rir	mental	auare, ojente, osénikepo, nosenke, sinki, yuáprono			See Language page
leaf	hoja	folha	environment		dʒats̺e		See Language page
left/left hand	izquierdo	esquerdo	location/body	maicho			See Language page
leg/foot	pierna	perna	body	jauna, pitchi, sako, uaunuj, yusi, yuse			See Language page
lie down	acostarse, echarse	deitar	motion	töuinje			See Language page
lightning	rayo, relámpago	relampago	environment	tapana, tükara			See Language page
live/be alive	vivir	viver, morar	body	ochne			See Language page
liver	hígado	figado	body	ítore	dʒi'wats̺uts̺o		See Language page
long	largo	comprido, longo	quality	busane, misene, misine, muenere, mujen, müjénera, vivisene			See Language page
louse	piollo, piojo	piolho	fauna	kuaye		order Phtiraptera	See Language page
lung	pulmón	pulmão	body	yobapku, yobapkuku, yuorérampsi, tatpoyubasare			See Language page
man/male	hombre	homem	human	atene, küpa	kipa		See Language page
meat/flesh	carne	carne	fauna	kupuko	dʒipu		See Language page
moon	luna	lua	environment	kuno			See Language page
mother	madre, mamá	mãe	kinship	icha	dʒiʂa		See Language page
mountain/hill	montaña, colina, loma, cerro	morro, serra	environment		dʒowa		See Language page
mouth	boca	boca	body	meyaka	dʒintana		See Language page
name	nombre	nome	human	eje	dʒose		See Language page
nape	base del cuello, nuca	nuca	body	yöpöme, yöpömö, yujure, yujaka			See Language page
near/close	cerca de	perto	quality	mana, manaran, manara			See Language page
neck	cuello	pescoço	body	pɨmɨ (SM)			See Language page
new	nuevo	novo	quality		kus̺pa		See Language page
night	noche	noite	time		koko		See Language page
no/not	no	não	grammar	esma, open, mu, oteya, per, pera, pi, prac, praya, pü, sra, taré, ua, uané, uanek, va, vampermak, vánek			See Language page
nose	nariz	nariz	body	ínapsa, ona	dʒona		See Language page
old	viejo	velho	quality	atüne	pe'nano		See Language page
one	uno	um	number	etobe	ku'mats̺ko		See Language page
open/uncover	abrir	abrir	other	echo, etapka, satapka, sékaipo, sestatka, setapka, setápkak, sütapka, tetapka, tötaptka			See Language page
other	otro	outro	grammar	eteri			See Language page
pain/painful/sick	dolor, doloroso, enfermo	dor, doloroso, doente	body	ensermó, etuch, etuche, etucha, etué, etuncha, itoche, ituche, neispo, uekpo, vainech, vaye, yase			See Language page
person/human being	persona	pessoa	human	yukpa (SM)	yukpa (SM)		See Language page
pound/beat	machacar, golpear	bater	impact	néveksa, núvesta			See Language page
rain	lluvia	chuva	environment	kiopo, kiyopo, kiyopio			See Language page
red	rojo	vermelho	colour	isuncha	pa'tuma		See Language page
right/right hand	derecha	direita	location/body	kicho			See Language page
road/path	camino	caminho	manufacture	ejéneri	o'sema		See Language page
root	raíz	raiz	flora	isírapre, uéichit	dʒi:ʂe		See Language page
rotten	podrido	podre	quality	tekói, tikói, tikope, tueme			See Language page
sand	arena	areia	environment	jájare			See Language page
say	decir	dizer	mental				See Language page
scratch	rascar	rasgar	impact	ojekárapo, serie			See Language page
see	ver	ver	mental	ésare, kóyene	tense		See Language page
sharp	afilado, filudo, filoso	afiado	quality	jiyit, peneyipta			See Language page
shoot	tirar, disparar, balear	atirar	impact	titáyaje, tubiri, tubiriri, tubirirmo, yiposeseremo, yüpjejmpo			See Language page
short	corto	curto	quality	také			See Language page
shoulder	hombro	ombro	body	omoto, yimoto, mota, yumota, jüjka			See Language page
shy/ashamed	tímido, vergonzoso	timido, com vergonha	mental	piripmako			See Language page
sit	sentar(se)	sentar	state	etötasa, etekta, etétapo, etöta, neteta, etétasa, itateta, ratatka, rata, urata, tueteta, tuítita, tustas, tuta, tutare, tüta, untütak, yeteta			See Language page
skin	piel	pele	body	pichoro	dʒuʂts̺u		See Language page
sky	cielo	céu	environment	kabo, masitematpo, obata, obayauicho			See Language page
sleep	dormir	dormir	body	atunka, näse	nikse		See Language page
small	pequeño	pequeno	quality	kika	kʂenʂe		See Language page
smoke	humo	fumaça	environment	eraku	we'ts̺asku		See Language page
sniff/smell	olfatear, oler	cheirar	body	jümujke, sumuske, turakie, türakümak		primarily transitive	See Language page
spit	escupir	cuspir	body	etasta, íntaku, tintájere, ótakta, úntatapo, tujentakta, ütata			See Language page
split	partir, dividir	rachar, dividir, partir	impact	maijuku, echásmak			See Language page
squeeze	estrujar, exprimir	espremer	impact	jerempku, säterma, serenka, serenko			See Language page
stab/pierce	apuñalar, acuchillar	apunhalar	impact	sutipo			See Language page
stand	estar de pié	ficar em pé	state				See Language page
star	estrella	estrela	environment	siku	s̺eku		See Language page
steal	robar	roubar	other	aschkuri, askurisie, askurma, achkorpa, askore, achkore, amotkamabaramómak, mekaktu, momak, nojka, noma, nomatá, oranaut, sekase, sikarsi, yünekaro			See Language page
stick/wood	palo	pau, vara	flora	ué, vean, vi			See Language page
stone	piedra	pedra	environment		to		See Language page
suck	chupar	chupar	body	saipómako, saisie, saisiye, suipak, suvine, suvini, éinata, emata, noporano			See Language page
sun	sol	sol	time	uicho	wets̺u		See Language page
sweat	sudar	suor, suar	body	pravichoyupo, vichobaspo, vichoa, vichoyüpo, uichómpera, yupusintatpo, teraki			See Language page
swell	hincharse	inchar	body	abrópamak, aurópepok			See Language page
swim	nadar	nadar	motion	kunípayi	dʒo'popadʒe		See Language page
tail	cola, rabo	rabo	body	yabuke	dʒawi'ki		See Language page
that	ese/esa	esse	grammar	aksha (SM)	aksha (SM)		See Language page
thick	grueso, gordo, espeso	grosso	quality	tana			See Language page
thin	delgado	fino	quality	tän, entane, enti, tenn, tön, tukano			See Language page
think	pensar	pensar	mental	ayáinata, otoaya, otobaya, sémase, vasastama, yubayátapo, yobayen átapok			See Language page
this	este/esta	este	grammar	mais, márak	maʂ		See Language page
three	tres	tres	number	kóer	ko'sets̺a		See Language page
throat	garganta	garganta	body	uoro, boro, yubotoko, yüboro, yüpömö, yupomo			See Language page
throw	tirar, lanzar	atirar, jogar	impact	járkaj, nai, naya, nayának, saijpo, samuiku, sasia, saya, sáyapo			See Language page
thunder	truenos	trovão	environment	kuruk, noskrota, okato, tapana, tampana, toin, tukruyi, toyi			See Language page
tie up/fasten	atar, amarrar	amarrar	impact	jincho, kürü, oyemsa, sapucha, tinji, tinsi, tisi			See Language page
tongue	lengua	lingua	body	jökónatre, kunetriko	dʒipota		See Language page
tooth	diente	dente	body	kiyi	dʒiʔ		See Language page
turn	girar, volter, torcer	virar	other	atabrémapo		may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
two	dos	dois	number	koja, kósar	kosa		See Language page
vomit	vomitar	vomitar	body	sákapo, setaka, tubénara, tubinari, tuena, uéntapok, véntapo, yubenare, tubénare			See Language page
walk	caminar, andar	andar	motion	nai			See Language page
water	agua	agua	environment		ku'na		See Language page
wet	mojado	molhado	quality	patan	pa'taka		See Language page
what?	que, qué	que	grammar		o'ta		See Language page
when?	cuando	quando	grammar	totpe			See Language page
where?	donde	onde	grammar	oyépak, oyipa			See Language page
white	blanco	branco	colour	prampa	kests̺e		See Language page
who?	quien, quién	quem	grammar	no	noʔ		See Language page
wife	esposa	esposa	kinship	enespa, epairo, ícharse	dʒi'tawno		See Language page
wind	viento	vento	environment	koi, koyis, koyira, poschu			See Language page
wing	ala	asa	body	yapo			See Language page
woman/female	mujer	mulher	human	aminchatuna, borépape	wo'ts̺epa		See Language page
work	trabajar	trabalhar	other	kanepa, tomare, temare, tarajuar, tomakare, tomákare, tosera, seposa			See Language page
yawn	bostezar	bocejar	body	supre			See Language page
yellow	amarillo	amarelo	colour	arábompa, arábopa, arábupi	ta'kupa		See Language page


1pl.excl
1pl.incl
1sg
2pl
2sg
3pl
3sg
above
again
all
and
ankle
armpit
ash
at
back
bad
bark
belly
below
big
bite
black
blood
blow
boil/pimple
bone
breast
breathe
burn
chew
child
climb
cloud
cold
come
cook
correct/true
count
cry
cut/hack
day
die/be dead
dig
dingo/wolf
dirty
dream
drink
dry
dull/blunt
dust
ear
earth/soil
eat
egg
eye
faeces
fall
far
fat/grease
father
fear
feather
fingernail
fire
flow
flower
fly
fog
foot
fruit
good
green
grow
hair (of head)
hand
head
hear
heart
heavy
hide
hit
hold
hot
how?
if
in/inside
intestines
itch
kill
know/be knowledgeable
lake
laugh
leaf
left/left hand
leg/foot
lie down
lightning
live/be alive
liver
long
louse
lung
man/male
meat/flesh
moon
mother
mountain/hill
mouth
name
nape
near/close
neck
new
night
no/not
nose
old
one
open/uncover
other
pain/painful/sick
person/human being
pound/beat
rain
red
right/right hand
road/path
root
rotten
sand
say
scratch
see
sharp
shoot
short
shoulder
shy/ashamed
sit
skin
sky
sleep
small
smoke
sniff/smell
spit
split
squeeze
stab/pierce
stand
star
steal
stick/wood
stone
suck
sun
sweat
swell
swim
tail
that
thick
thin
think
this
three
throat
throw
thunder
tie up/fasten
tongue
tooth
turn
two
vomit
walk
water
wet
what?
when?
where?
white
who?
wife
wind
wing
woman/female
work
yawn
yellow

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Flora Fauna Vocabulary (133)

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English	Spanish	Portuguese	Semantic Field	Part of Speech	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

English	Spanish	Portuguese	Semantic Field	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Source	Distribution	General Notes
achiote, anatto	achiote	urucum	flora-fauna	Bixa orellana		onóto(H&R)	See Language page	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	Phon only in source shrub
agouti (black agouti, black-rumped agouti)	Guatusa Negra, Añuje, Agutí (black-rumped), picure, jochi colorado	cutia	flora-fauna	Dasyprocta spp.	kasare (SM)	kasare (SM), kasáre (H&R)	See Language page		Phon only in source
alligator, black caiman	babilla; cachirre	jacaré	flora-fauna	Melanosuchus niger, Caiman schlerops; Paleosuchus sp.	ariye	aréje ('cayman', H&R)	See Language page	Throughout Amazonia	Phon only in source Port term reportedly borrowed from Tupi
Amazon dolphin	bufeo, delfín, tonina (del Orinoco)	boto cor-de-rosa	flora-fauna	Inia geoffrensis	jape	hape	See Language page	Downstream of major rapids and waterfalls	Phon only in source
Amazon tree-grape	uva de monte, uvilla (Peru), puruma, caime, caimarona (and variants; Col.)	cucura	flora-fauna	Pourouma cecropiifolia			See Language page	grows wild in Western Amazon basin; cultivated in Colombia since pre-Colombian times	Phon only in source a tree; not a true grape
anaconda	anaconda, boa, boa acuática grande	sucuri	flora-fauna	genus Eunectes		samámu (H&R)	See Language page	Widespread Amazonia	Phon only in source
angleworm	lombriz	minhoca	flora-fauna	order Opisthopora			See Language page		Phon only in source
ant (generic)	hormiga	formiga	flora-fauna	Formicidae		ʃɨtáko, krótota (H&R)	See Language page		Phon only in source
anteater	oso hormiguero; tapia pelejo or pelejo chico for Cyclopes didactylus	tamanduá	flora-fauna	Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater)	ársimo	arókamɨ (large), arókaʃe (small) (H&R)	See Language page	Widespread Amazonian lowlands	Phon only in source
armadillo	armadillo, carachupa (Peru), yangunturi (Peru for Giant armadillo)	tatu	flora-fauna	family Dasypodidae; e.g. Priodontes maximus (Giant armadillo), Dasypus novemcinctus, Dasypus kappleri	kamájiru	kamáʃru(H&R)	See Language page	Widespread in Amazonia	Phon only in source
arrow cane, wildcane	caña flecha, caña brava, caña isana	cana para flechas, frecheira, Cana-do-rio	flora-fauna	Gynerium sagittatum	weshra (SM)	weshra (SM); wéʃeʃ (‘cane’, H&R)	See Language page	tropical regions, especially river banks	Phon only in source plant
avocado	palta, aguacate	abacate	flora-fauna	Persea americana			See Language page	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	Phon only in source tree
açai palm	huasí (Peru), asahi, manaca (Ven), asaí, palmiche (Colombia)	açaí	flora-fauna	Euterpe sp.			See Language page	floodplains, swamp; esp. northern Amazonia	Phon only in source
banana, plantain	banano, banana, cambur, bellaco, variedad de plátano	banana	flora-fauna	Musa sp.	kuratana (SM)	kuratana (SM)	See Language page		Phon only in source Names for banana/plantain may be derived from bastard plantain by semantic shift.
bat	murciélago	morcego	flora-fauna	Chiroptera spp.	pichikacha	pʃékaracha(H&R)	See Language page		Phon only in source
beans	frijoles, frejol, caraotas (negras, rojas, blancas)	feijão	flora-fauna	Phaseolus spp.			See Language page		Phon only in source plant
bird	pajaro, ave	passaro	flora-fauna		peshu (SM)	peshu (SM)	See Language page		Phon only in source
bitterwood	tortuga caspi, pretina (Peru for tree and tumpline); carahuasca (Peru)	envira	flora-fauna	Duguetia sp. OR Fusaea longifolia OR Guatteria chrysopetala			See Language page	secondary forests, native to Brazil	Phon only in source tree
black palm	bacaba, mapora, pusui, patabá	bacaba	flora-fauna	Oenocarpus bacaba			See Language page	Mature forests of Rio Negro and Upper Amazon	Phon only in source may be confused in some entries with O. bataua
blowfly/housefly	mosca	mosca	flora-fauna	Diptera	kɨyaku (fly) (SM)	kɨyaku (fly) (SM); kɨjã́ku, eréji (H&R)	See Language page		Phon only in source
boa	boa; mantona (red-tailed boa); boa de altura	jiboia	flora-fauna	family Boidae, subf. Boinae			See Language page		Phon only in source
bottle-gourd (vine) or calabash (tree)	calabazo, calabaza; auyama (Dominican Republic and Venezuela), ayote (parts of Central America), zapallo (parts of South America), tutumo/totumo/totuma (Cresc tree), huingo (Peru for Crescentia cujete), tapara	cabaça	flora-fauna	Crescentia cujete (round variety - tree); (Cucurbita) Lagenaria siceraria (bottle variety - vine)	kui, pʃáʃk	kuná-ka-to-po ('gourd', H&R)	See Language page	indigenous gardens	Phon only in source plant; tree
brazil nut	castaña	castanha do para (B. excelsa); castanha de cutia (C. edulis)	flora-fauna	Bertholletia excelsa [cf. Couepia edulis 'castanha do cutia']			See Language page	1) Couepia: restricted area within Brazil, Rio Purus basin and middle Solimões. 2) Bertholletia: elev: consistently about 200m; mature forests. Widely distributed from Peru, E. Colombia, Brazil to Nicaragua.	Phon only in source tree
brown woolly monkey	Mono Lanudo Común, Choro, Churucu, mono choro (Peru), mono lanudo cafe, barrigudo de Humboldt	macaco barrigudo	flora-fauna	Lagothrix lagothricha			See Language page		Phon only in source
bullet ant, lesser giant hunter ant	conga, hormiga yanabe (Colombia), isula (Peru), Hormiga Veinticuatro	tocandira	flora-fauna	Paraponera clavata	kɨshasha (SM)	kɨshasha (SM)	See Language page		Phon only in source
butterfly, moth	mariposa	borboleta	flora-fauna	order Lepidoptera	kanashwe (SM)	kanashwe (SM)	See Language page		Phon only in source
capybara	Capibara, Carpincho, Ronsoco	capivara	flora-fauna	Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris	matoya (R95)	matoja (R95)	See Language page		Phon only in source
cará tuber, purple or white	camote, sachapapa	cará roxo, branco	flora-fauna	Dioscorea sp.			See Language page	secondary scrub vegetation; forest clearings	Phon only in source plant
cashew	anarcado, castaña de cajú, nuez de la India, marañon, cajú, merey (Venezuela)	caju	flora-fauna	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum			See Language page	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	Phon only in source tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
centipede	ciempiés	centopéia	flora-fauna	class Chilopoda			See Language page		Phon only in source
cicada	cigarra, chicharra	cigarra	flora-fauna	super fam. Cicadoidea	áname, tebre		See Language page		Phon only in source
cipó vine	tamishi, bejuco, yare	cipó	flora-fauna	Heteropsis spp.	chiminia		See Language page	secondary forest, floodplain	Phon only in source vine
coca	coca	coca	flora-fauna	Erythroxylum coca	áji(H&R)	áji(H&R)	See Language page	secondary scrub vegetation. lower alt. of eastern Andes	Phon only in source plant
cockroach	cucaracha	barata-do-mato	flora-fauna	order Blattaria	kérasu	kérasu	See Language page		Phon only in source
collared peccary	sajino, pecarí de collar, jabalf, Javelina, Saíno, Pecarí de Collar	caititu, caetitu	flora-fauna	Pecari tajacu, Tayassu tajacu	kapo (SM); páranshánpásha (R95)	kapo (SM)	See Language page		Phon only in source
cotamundi, coatimundi	Coatí, Tejón, Achuni, zorro guache	quati	flora-fauna	genus Nasua			See Language page		Phon only in source
cotton	algodón	algodão	flora-fauna	Gossypium (barbadense: long fibers; hirsutum: short fibers)	mabu	mabu	See Language page	secondary scrub vegetation	Phon only in source plant; some sources may confound with kapok Ceiba pentandra (esp. if a single gloss for 'cotton' is given')
crab	cangrejo	caranguejo	flora-fauna	infraorder Brachyura	bayáramo	bajáramo	See Language page		Phon only in source
cricket	saltón, grillo	grilo	flora-fauna	family Gryllidae	pusuna	pusuna	See Language page		Phon only in source
curassow	mitu, montete (Peru), paujil/panjuil (Peru), paujil de Salvin (Peru for Mitu salvini)	mutum	flora-fauna	Crax sp., Nothocrax sp.		karúka, koméra (H&R)	See Language page	Amazonia	Phon only in source
deer	venado	veado, cariacu	flora-fauna	family Cervidae, esp. Odocoileus virginianus	amusa	amúʔʃa(H&R)	See Language page		Phon only in source
dog (camp, domestic)	perro	cachorro	flora-fauna	Canis famililaris	peru	pets̺u	See Language page	Not native; widespread	Phon only in source
dog (wild; bush dog)	sachaperro, Perro de Monte, Zorro Vinagre, Guanfando; Zorro Ojizarco, Zorro Negro, Perro de Orejas Corta	cachorro-do-mato	flora-fauna	Speothos venaticus; Atelocynus microtis			See Language page	Widespread Amazonia	Phon only in source
dove	paloma	pomba	flora-fauna	family Columbidae	arame (SM)	arame (SM)	See Language page		Phon only in source
duck	pato	pato, marreco	flora-fauna	Anatidae family	pato (Spanish loan)		See Language page		Phon only in source
edible palm-dwelling larva (palm weevil)	suri, mojojoy	larva, broca-do-coqueiro, aramandaiá	flora-fauna	Rhynchophorus sp.	korükü	korɨkɨ	See Language page		Phon only in source
electric eel	anguila eléctrica	poraquê	flora-fauna	Electrophorus electricus			See Language page		Phon only in source
firefly, lightning bug	lampírido, luciérnaga (Peru), añañahui (Peru), cocuyo (attributed Taino origin)	vagalume	flora-fauna	fam: Elateridae, Fengodidae, Lampyridae			See Language page		Phon only in source
fish (generic)	pez	peixe	flora-fauna		poshe (SM)	po'ʂe; póʃe (H&R)	See Language page		Phon only in source
fish poison, barbasco	barbasco, matapez (Colombia)	timbó	flora-fauna	Lonchocarpus spp.	wɨsa ( r)	wɨsa ( r)	See Language page	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	Phon only in source shrub/tree
flea	pulga	pulga	flora-fauna	order Siphonaptera		kẽʃépo(H&R)	See Language page		Phon only in source
genipap	jagua, majagua - Colombia, caruto, xagua - Venezuela, bigrande - Bolivia, huito, yaguayagua - Peru, ygualti - Nicaragua, maluco - Mexico	genipapo, jenipapo	flora-fauna	Genipapa americana	mamón	mamón	See Language page	widespread lowland SA	Phon only in source shrub
giant otter	Lobo Grande de Río, nutria gigante, lutria	ariranha	flora-fauna	Pteronura brasiliensis	petara	petara	See Language page		Phon only in source
grass	hierba, pasto	capim, grama	flora-fauna	(generic)	pawa (SM)	pawa (SM); wóʃe (H&R)	See Language page		Phon only in source
gray-winged trumpeter	Grulla, Trompetero Ala Gris	jacamim	flora-fauna	Psophia crepitans			See Language page	Northern Amazonia (N of Solimões), not in northern Colombia; Dark-winged trumpeter is found south of Solimões	Phon only in source
great egret	Garza Blanca, Guyratî	Garça-Branca-Grande	flora-fauna	Ardea alba	sabre		See Language page	Widespread South America	Phon only in source
green acouchi	Guatín, Punchana, curi, picurito rabudo, picurito rabilargo	cutiara	flora-fauna	Myoprocta pratti			See Language page		Phon only in source
guan	pava, pucacunga (Peru), pava de Spix (Peru)	jacu	flora-fauna	Penelope sp.			See Language page	Different types have different localized ranges	Phon only in source
hallucinogenic snuff	vilca, cebil, yopo	paricá, yopo	flora-fauna	Anadenanthera sp. or virola			See Language page		Phon only in source
hallucinogenic vine, banisterium, ayahuasca	ayahuasca, yage	ayahuasca, caapi	flora-fauna	Banisteriopsis caapi			See Language page	semi-domesticated, native to Amazonian basin, esp. NW	Phon only in source vine
hawk	halcón, gavilán	gavião	flora-fauna	family Accipitridae			See Language page		Phon only in source
honeybee	abeja	abelha	flora-fauna	Apis mellifera; Tetragonisca angustula; Trigona amazonensis	apúchare	mɨ̃káma (‘large, yellow species, H&R)	See Language page		Phon only in source
horse	caballo	cavalho	flora-fauna	Equus caballus			See Language page		Phon only in source
hot pepper	ají, pimentón/pimiento rojo, pucunucho (Peru), charapilla (Peru)	pimenta	flora-fauna	Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens	jari	káka(‘chili pepper’, H&R)	See Language page	secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden	Phon only in source plant
howler monkey (red-handed)	mono aullador, mono coto (Peru)	guariba	flora-fauna	Alouatta belzebul [or other Alouatta sp.]	arishav (R95)	aréʃawo (’howler monkey’, H&R)	See Language page		Phon only in source
hummingbird	colibrí, picaflor (Peru)	beija-flor	flora-fauna	family Trochilidae	kuijna	kúʃimo (H&R)	See Language page	Widespread	Phon only in source
iguana	iguana, garipiares (Colombia)	camaleão	flora-fauna	Iguana sp.	ayamaka	ajámaka (H&R)	See Language page		Phon only in source iguana' is reportedly from Arawak iwana
inga	guaba, guamo, guama, shimbillo (Peru)	inga	flora-fauna	Inga spp.			See Language page	Secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens. North and South America (Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Suriname, Colombia)	Phon only in source
insect (generic)	insecto	insecto	flora-fauna	generic			See Language page		Phon only in source
jaguar	yaguar, yaguareté, jaguar, otorongo (Peru), tigre (Peru)	onca	flora-fauna	Panthera onca	esho (SM)	esho (SM); éʃo(H&R)	See Language page		Phon only in source
japurá	oreja de murcielago	japurá	flora-fauna	Erisma japura			See Language page		Phon only in source large tree
kapok	ceiba, huimba, lupuna (Peru for Ceiba sp.)	sumaumeira	flora-fauna	Ceiba pentandra			See Language page	northern South America and central America; common in disturbed areas	Phon only in source tree
kingfisher	martín pescador, catalan (Peru)	martim-pescador	flora-fauna	family Alcedinidae			See Language page	Widespread Amazonia	Phon only in source
leaf-cutter ant	Colombia: zampopo, hormiga arriera; Venezuela: bachaco; Peru: curuhuinse	saúva	flora-fauna	Atta sp.	keyabu	kejabu	See Language page		Phon only in source
macaw	ara, guacamaya	Arara	flora-fauna	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	sareya (SM)	sareya (SM), saréja (H&R)	See Language page	Widespread Amazonia	Phon only in source
maize, corn	mazorca, maiz	milho	flora-fauna	Zea mays	ipistapó, míʃk( r)	meʔ (H&R)	See Language page	widespread, esp. in river floodplains	Phon only in source plant
manatee	vaca marina, manatí	peixe-boi	flora-fauna	Trichechus sp.			See Language page		Phon only in source
mandi catfish	maparate (used in Peru for some types of catfish, including Auchenipterus sp.), cunchi (used in Peru for some types of catfish), bagre (catfish)	mandi	flora-fauna	Auchenipterus sp.	ayujpa		See Language page	Widespread Amazonia	Phon only in source
manioc (bitter or generic)	yuca brava	mandioca	flora-fauna	Manihot esculenta	po	po ('general', H&R)	See Language page	not generally cultivated in western (subAndean) Amazon. Arroyo-Kalin (2010) argues for a correlation with distribution of dark earths, mostly formed after 1AD, and the modeled-incised pottery tradition.	Phon only in source Provides more starch and is more pest-resistant than the sweet variety, but requires much processing. Arroyo-Kalin (2010) proposes that bitter type was developed from sweet through post-ceremic agricultural intensification (motivated b
manioc (sweet)	yuca, caribe	macaxeira	flora-fauna	Manihot esculenta			See Language page	Primary staple in western/subAndean Amazonia, less important elsewhere	Phon only in source No processing required, but lower starch yield and pest resistance than bitter variety
miriti palm	moriche (Col, Ven), aguaje (Col, Peru), achual, miriti	buriti	flora-fauna	Mauritia flexuosa			See Language page	Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela; in and near swamps	Phon only in source trunks contain sago-like starch
mosquito	mosquito, zancudo	mosquito, carapana	flora-fauna	Anopheles sp.	kasapana (SM)	kasápana (H&R)	See Language page		Phon only in source
moth	mariposa nocturna, polilla	mariposa	flora-fauna	order Lepidoptera	kánachue		See Language page		Phon only in source
mouse, rat	ratón	camundongo, rata	flora-fauna	Mus musculus	atusa	atusa	See Language page		Phon only in source
mushroom	champiñón, hongo	cogumelo	flora-fauna	(any edible generic)			See Language page		Phon only in source prioritize generic term that includes any edible species
neotropical otter (small)	Nutria, Lobo de Agua, lobito de rio, perro de agua (Colombia)	lontra	flora-fauna	Lontra longicaudis	sarora	sarora	See Language page		Phon only in source
opossum	zarigüeya, rabipelado, zorro, zorrillo	mucura	flora-fauna	family Didelphidae	yare (SM)	yare (SM)	See Language page		Phon only in source
owl (large)	búho, lechuza	corujão	flora-fauna	order Strigiformes	kotre	kórʃe, jan ʃɨ́tɨne ('owl', H&R)	See Language page	Widespread	Phon only in source
paca (lowland)	Guanta, Paca, Majaz, majás (Peru), labba (Guyana)	paca	flora-fauna	Cuniculus paca (Agouti paca is sometimes used as well although cuniculus is the correct term.)	ójtutrí (R95)	ójtutrí (R95)	See Language page		Phon only in source
pacu fish	palometa, garopita, garopa, curhuara (Peru)	pacu	flora-fauna	Mylossoma sp.			See Language page		Phon only in source
palm for roof thatch	pui, irapay, hoja de irapay, caraná	caraná	flora-fauna	Mauritiella armata OR Lepidocaryum tenue (irapay), Mauritius carana	kuamo, kubamo, karana		See Language page	Mauritia carana is limited principally to the Rio Negro and Upper Orinoco regions; dry catinga forests	Phon only in source palm
parrot	loro real, loro (Sp. form is a loan from Carib)	papagaio	flora-fauna	Amazona amazonica	vaucha	wápʃe (H&R)	See Language page	Widespread	Phon only in source
paxiuba palm	pona, huacrapona, cashapona, macanilla, pachiuba	paxiuba	flora-fauna	Iriartea exorrhiza OR Iriartea deltoidea	teua		See Language page	Widespread Amazonia	Phon only in source palm
peach palm, pejibaye palm	chontaduro (Col, Ecuador); pipire (Col); pijuayo (Peru), pijiguao (Ven); tembe (Bol)	pupunha	flora-fauna	Bactris gasipaes			See Language page		Phon only in source
peanut	maní (may be loan from Taino Arawak), cacahuete	amendoim	flora-fauna	Arachis hypogaea			See Language page		Phon only in source plant
pineapple	piña	abacaxi	flora-fauna	Ananas comosus	pita	pita	See Language page		Phon only in source plant
pirana	piraña, caribe	piranha	flora-fauna	subfamily Serrasalmidae			See Language page	Widespread Amazonia	Phon only in source
porcupine	puerco espín, erizo (Peru), casha cushillo (Peru)	cuandu, porco-espinho	flora-fauna	family Erethizontidae	kúsara		See Language page		Phon only in source
potato	papa	batata	flora-fauna	Solanum tuberosum	chak		See Language page	secondary scrub vegetation	Phon only in source compare entries for sweet potato
potato, sweet potato	camote, batata dulce, batata, cumara	batata-doce	flora-fauna	Ipomoea batatas	sak	ʃaʔkrúwa(H&R)	See Language page		Phon only in source plant
praying mantis, stick insects	mantis religiosa	louva-a-deus	flora-fauna	order Mantodea, family Mantidae			See Language page		Phon only in source
rubber tree (sorva)	caucho, siringa, shiringa	seringa, borracha	flora-fauna	Hevea sp.			See Language page	Widespread Amazonia	Phon only in source tree
scorpion	escorpión; alacran	escorpião	flora-fauna	order Scorpiones	akúrichi, akúriti/e		See Language page		Phon only in source
seje palm	ungurahui (Peru), palma de seje, milpesos, patabá	patoá, patuá	flora-fauna	Jessenia bataua, aka Oenocarpus bataua	koruba		See Language page	mostly north of Equator; common in Amazonia	Phon only in source may be confused with O. bacaba - compare entries
sloth	pereza, pelejo (Peru), perezoso (Peru)	macaco preguica	flora-fauna	Choloepus sp., Bradypus sp.	uaí		See Language page	Widespread Amazonia	Phon only in source
small lizard	lagartija	calango	flora-fauna	order Squamata	kunájiri	kunáhiri	See Language page		Phon only in source
snail	caracol, churo (Peru)	caracol	flora-fauna	class Gastropoda	suru (SM)	suru (SM)	See Language page		Phon only in source
snake (generic)	culebra, serpiente	cobra	flora-fauna		kiripo	ko'nena	See Language page		Phon only in source
snake (poisonous generic) or rattlesnake	víbora (Peru), jergón (Peru), yarara	jararaca	flora-fauna	Bothrops jararaca/atrox		tɨ-máraka (=tu-máraka, H&R)	See Language page	Widespread South America	Phon only in source
speckled catfish	surubí, pintadillo	surubim, sorubim	flora-fauna	Pseudoplatystoma sp.			See Language page	Widespread Amazonia	Phon only in source
spider	araña	aranha	flora-fauna	Arachnidae, Araneae	araya	arája(H&R)	See Language page		Phon only in source
squash	calabaza, calabacines, auyamas, zapallos, huingo (Peru)	abóbora	flora-fauna	Cucurbita sp.			See Language page		Phon only in source plant
squirrel	ardilla, danta (Ven)	serelepe, quatipuru, esquilo	flora-fauna	family Sciuridae	kírikri	kírikri	See Language page		Phon only in source
stingray (generic)	rayas látigo, raya	arraia	flora-fauna	Potamotrygon sp.	maschi	mastʃi	See Language page		Phon only in source
tannia, yautia	huitina (Peru), ñame	taioba branca	flora-fauna	Xanthosoma spp.	ɲáme		See Language page		Phon only in source
tapir	sachavaca, danta	anta	flora-fauna	Tapirus terrestris	arare (SM)	arare (SM); aráre(H&R)	See Language page		Phon only in source
termites, white-ants	comején (Peru), termitas	cupim	flora-fauna	order Isoptera	kumeshu (SM)	koméʃu(H&R)	See Language page		Phon only in source
tick	garrapata	carrapato	flora-fauna	superfam Ixodoidea	jaja	haha	See Language page		Phon only in source
tigerfish	taraira, guabina, huasaco (Peru)	traíra	flora-fauna	Hoplias sp.			See Language page	Widespread Amazonia	Phon only in source
tinamou	tinamu, perdiz, gallineta	inambu, inhambu	flora-fauna	family Tinamidae	kojatia		See Language page	Widespread Amazonia	Phon only in source
toad	sapo	sapo	flora-fauna	order Anura	kupetchu (SM)	kupetchu (SM), pókwo, kopéstʃo (H&R)	See Language page		Phon only in source
tobacco	tabaco	tabaco	flora-fauna	Nicotiana tabacum	tápak	tápa(H&R)	See Language page		Phon only in source plant
tortoise (red foot, yellow foot/giant)	tortuga, morrocoy, motelo	jabutí, tartaruga	flora-fauna	Yellow-footed: Geochelone denticulata; Red-footed: Geochelone carbonaria	morokü, morokuo	morókwe (H&R)	See Language page	Widespread	Phon only in source
toucan	tucán, pinsha (Peru)	tucano	flora-fauna	Ramphastos sp.	koajka	ʃáʔtre (+kowáʃkɨ, kũráʔrɨ, kowáskɨ, H&R)	See Language page	Widespread Amazonia	Phon only in source
tree	árbol	arvore	flora-fauna		ve	wepsa; we ('tree, stick', H&R)	See Language page		Phon only in source
tufted capuchin monkey	mono negro (Peru), Machín Negro, Maicero Cachón, mono maicero	macaco prego	flora-fauna	Cebus apella			See Language page		Phon only in source
ucuqui	yugo, caimitillo del monte (Peru)	ucuqui	flora-fauna	Pouteria ucuqui			See Language page	native to NW Amazonia, found primarily in Vaupes and Caqueta regions	Phon only in source other species of Pouteria exist and have much-used edible fruit; these can be subsituted where relevant
vulture	buitre, gallinazo, rinahui (Peru)	urubu	flora-fauna	family Cathartidae	kurumachu (SM)	kurumachu (SM) okósja (H&R)	See Language page	Widespread South America	Phon only in source
wasp	avispa; specific type: ronzapa/ronsapa	caba	flora-fauna	order Hymenoptera, sub: Apocrita	masaya (SM)	masaya (SM)	See Language page		Phon only in source
white-fronted capuchin	Machín Blanco, mono blanco, Maicero Cariblanco, mono blanco (Peru)	Caiarara	flora-fauna	Cebus albifrons	sürürü; shirdë (R95)		See Language page		Phon only in source
white-fronted spider monkey	Machin Blanco, Mono Araña de Vientre Amarillo, maquisapa (Peru), braceadora (Colombia)	macaco aranha, coatá, quatá	flora-fauna	Ateles belzebuth/paniscus	poroto (R95)	poróto (‘spider monkey’, H&R)	See Language page		Phon only in source
white-lipped peccary	Chancho de Monte, Cariblanco, Huangana	queixada	flora-fauna	Tayassu pecari			See Language page		Phon only in source
woodpecker	pájaro carpintero, carpintero	pica-pau	flora-fauna	family Picidae	sakurare (SM)	sakurare (SM)	See Language page	Widespread Amazonia	Phon only in source

Showing 1 to 133 of 133 entries

Cultural Vocabulary (97)

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English	Spanish	Portuguese	Semantic Field	Part of Speech	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source

English	Spanish	Portuguese	Semantic Field	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	General Notes	Source
afterworld, land of dead, Heaven	tierra do los muertos	terra dos mortos	culture-mythology				See Language page
arrow	flecha	flecha	subsistence tool	mikuirsi	mikuirsi	hunting, warfare	See Language page
axe/stone axe	hacha (de piedra)	machado (de pedra)	subsistence tool	ascho, vasa, uacha	astʃo, vasa, uaʃa	especially for clearing fields	See Language page
bait for fishing	cebo, carnada para pescar, empate (Peru)	isca	subsistence tool			can refer to worms; more generic	See Language page
basin/bowl	tazón, plato hondo, taza	tijela	culture-material	pisa ('taza')	pisa ('taza')		See Language page
basket (general)	canasta, canasto, cesta	cesto	culture-material	menure (SM), pitaka	menure (SM), pitaka		See Language page
basket, small	canasta, canasto, cesta	cesto pequeno, tampado	culture-material	pitaka	pitaka		See Language page
bead	abalorio, mostacilla, cuenta, gota, puca; necklace=collar	miçanga	culture-material	mokɨ (SM)	mokɨ (SM)		See Language page
bed	cama	cama	culture-material	nesko	nesko		See Language page
bench, seat	banco, silla, asiento	banco	culture-material	ititakpo, ötétapo, sátatpo	ititakpo, ötétapo, sátatpo		See Language page
blowgun	cerbatana, pucuna (Peru)	zarabatana	subsistence tool			currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region	See Language page
boomerang/throwing stick (generic)			subsistence tool				See Language page
bottle	botella	garrafa	acculturation	kaneka, tötüria	kaneka, tɔtɨria		See Language page
bottom grinding stone			manufacture			if different word from top grinding stone	See Language page
bow	arco	arco	subsistence tool	bákara	bákara	arco	See Language page
broom	escoba	vassoura	culture-material	obayometpo	obayometpo		See Language page
canoe	canoa	canoa	transport	kanova	kanova		See Language page
cat	gato	gato	acculturation	kato (domesticate)	kato (domesticate)		See Language page
chicken	gallina	galinha	acculturation	karén, orisa, tókropa	karén, orisa, tókropa		See Language page
chief/leader	jefe, cacique	chefe	culture-mythology	yubatpue	jubatpue		See Language page
clothing	ropa	roupa	culture-mythology	aropa (SM)	aropa (SM)		See Language page
club	garrote, cachiporra	clava, porrete	subsistence tool	némak	némak		See Language page
Curupira (spirit type)	Curupira, Madremonte	Curupira	culture-mythology			malignant forest spirit, covered with long hair, feet turned backward; in Upper Rio Negro region	See Language page
dart (blowgun)	dardo, birote (Peru), bala (Peru)	dardo, seta	subsistence tool			hunting and warfare	See Language page
deity/powerful spirit/culture figure	dios(es), deidad	divinidade, figura mítica	culture-mythology	Máipor 'God'	Máipor 'God'	In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
digging stick			subsistence tool				See Language page
dream	sueño, soñar	sonho, sonhar	culture-mythology	tükremá			See Language page
drum	tambor	tambor	culture-mythology	tampora	tampora		See Language page
drum (large signal)	tambor, manguaré, maguaré (Colombia)	tambor	culture			Used to be used by Tukanoan peoples (and others?), sound carried for long distances	See Language page
fan	abanico	abanador, abano	subsistence tool	pɨhp (SM)	pɨhp (SM)	esp. for fanning a cooking fire	See Language page
feather headdress	plumaje, corona de plumas	enfeite/capacete de penas	culture-mythology				See Language page
fence, palisade	cerco	cerca	other	masísetupre	masísetupre	may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
fermented drink	masato, chicha	caxiri, chicha	culture	oárinta, kusara	oárinta, kusara	prioritizes manioc beer where distinction is made	See Language page
fetish, charm	fetiche, encanto, filtro de amor, pusanga	feitiço, puçanga	culture-mythology				See Language page
fireplace	hogar	lareira	other				See Language page
firewood	leña	lenha	other	ueta	ueta		See Language page
fish (with fish-poison)	pescar con barbasco, barbasquear	pescar com timbó; tinguijar	food				See Language page
fish (with line)	anzuelear, pescar con linea	pescar (com linha)	food	kiristaese	kiristaese		See Language page
fishing line	cordel/cuerda p/ pescar, sedal, tanze	linha de pesca	subsistence tool				See Language page
fishtrap	trampa de peces, trampa	matapi, cacuri	subsistence tool				See Language page
flat bread, cassava bread	pan de yuca, casabe/cazabe	beiju	food	yetatka ('bread')	jetatka ('bread')	usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
flour/meal from manioc	fariña, mañoco (Venezuela); harina	farinha	food			agriculture	See Language page
flute	flauta, quena (Peru)	flauta	culture-mythology	timi	timi	multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc.	See Language page
game animal	caza, animal de caza	caça, animal de caça	food	yeki ('animal')	jeki ('animal')	Interesting correlation to 'fish' in Tukanoan languages	See Language page
ghost (of dead person)/evil spirit	espíritu malo, espíritu maligno, fantasma, demonio	espirito	culture-mythology	terepko, yorampsi	terepko, jorampsi		See Language page
gourd (dipper/bowl)	cucharón, pate (Peru), totomo, totuma, totumo	cuia	subsistence tool	piche, kuná-ka-to-po ('gourd', H&R)	piʃe, kuná-ka-to-po ('gourd', H&R)		See Language page
grater	rallador, rallo	ralador, ralo	subsistence tool	characha	ʃaraʃa	esp. for grating manioc, but can be used for other things as well	See Language page
grave	tumba, sepultura, sepulcro	sepultura, sepulcro, cova	culture-mythology	jünkapo, súkape, tonare	jɨnkapo, súkape, tonare		See Language page
grid of sticks for smoking meat or placing objects (shelf)	barbacoa	jirau	subsistence tool	arapa [?]	arapa [?]		See Language page
griddle for cooking flatbread	tiesto (Colombia), budare (Venezuela), tortera (Peru)	forno para beiju	subsistence tool			agriculture?	See Language page
gun	arma, escopeta	espingarda, fusil	acculturation	chupeta	ʃupeta		See Language page
hammock	hamaca, chinchorro	rede	culture-material	nöjpo	nɔhpo		See Language page
hat	sombero	chapéu	dress	pejoba, pesoba	pehoba, pesoba		See Language page
healer	curandero	benzador, curandeiro, kumu (Tukano)	culture-mythology			Refers to a lower-level healer; in RN region, most older men in a village have this capacity, and command a repertoire of healing spells. Power is primarily for good, whereas the true shaman is capable of malignant acts as well.	See Language page
hollow log/trough for beer-making	canoa para chicha	cocho de caxiri	narcotics				See Language page
honey	miel	mel	food	uano	uano	only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia?	See Language page
house			other	nöjpo			See Language page
hunt	cazar	caçar	food	mabatókane, peʂaese (Robayo)	mabatókane, peʂaese (Robayo)		See Language page
knife	cuchillo	faca	culture-material	panaku (SM)	panaku (SM)		See Language page
loincloth	taparrabos, guayuco, pampanilla	tanga, tapa-sexo	dress				See Language page
machete	machete	facão	culture-material	masete	masete		See Language page
mortar	mortero	pilão	subsistence tool				See Language page
paddle/oar	remo	remo	transport				See Language page
paint body, body paint	pintura corporal	pintura corporal	culture-mythology				See Language page
panpipe	carrizo, zampoñas, flautas de pan, rondadora	caniço, flauta de pã	culture-mythology				See Language page
paper	papel	papel	acculturation	papiru	papiru		See Language page
pestle	pilón, mano de mortero, mazo, moledor	mão de pilão	subsistence tool				See Language page
pipe for tobacco	pipa	cachimbo	other	túsuki			See Language page
plate	plato	prato	culture-material	pɨratu (SM)	pɨratu (SM)		See Language page
policeman	polícia	policía	acculturation	kurip sené, porihia, porisia			See Language page
pot	olla, pote	panela, vasilha	subsistence tool	paschik, pasi	pastʃik, pasi		See Language page
rattle	matraca, maraca	marico, chocalho	culture-mythology				See Language page
resin	resina, brea, copal	resina, brea, breu	subsistence tool	kuscha	kustʃa		See Language page
ritual song cycle (kapiwaya)	kapiwaya	capiwaya	culture-mythology	anuene, ichpo			See Language page
rope/string	mecate, cuerda, soga	corda	culture	mejena, mekate, misine	mehena, mekate, misine		See Language page
salt	sal	sal	food	pam	pam		See Language page
school	escuela	escola	acculturation	otuámpapo, papirtana	otuámpapo, papirtana		See Language page
shaman, healer	chamán, brujo	xaman, pajé, feiticeiro	culture-mythology	tuwano (SM)	tuwano (SM)	In RN region, there is typically one person per village (if that) who is a full-fledged 'shaman'. He is very much a specialist and has considerable power to cure, as well as power to curse. He is respected and feared. Shamans are thought to turn themselv	See Language page
shoes	zapatos	sapatos	dress	sapatu			See Language page
skirt	falda, saya, fustan, pollera	saia	culture-material	aropakano	aropakano		See Language page
soldier	soldado	soldado	acculturation				See Language page
song (generic)	canción, canto	canção	culture-mythology	yomaikö	jomaikɔ		See Language page
spear	lanza	lança	subsistence tool	mayara jiyákepö (mayara 'long stick'+jiyákepö 'ready'	majara hijákepɔ (mayara 'long stick'+jiyákepö 'ready'		See Language page
spearthrower			subsistence tool				See Language page
starch (tapioca, other)	almidón	goma de tapioca	food				See Language page
stone for lighting fires	piedra para hacer fuego	pedra para acender fogo	culture-material				See Language page
sugarcane/sugar	azúcar, caña de azúcar	açucar (de cana)	acculturation	anisi, asuka, jen, sésare	anisi, asuka, hen, sésare		See Language page
tapioca drink, mingau	cahuana, caguana	mingau	food			agriculture	See Language page
tattoo	tatuaje, tatu	tatuagem	culture-mythology				See Language page
thatch/roof	crisneja	palha, caraná	culture-material	kuamo, kubamo, karana	kuamo, kubamo, karana		See Language page
tipiti (manioc squeezer)	tipiti, matafrio, sebucán, exprimador, prensa para yuca	tipiti	food			word of Tupi origin; agriculture: specifically for squeezing poison out of manioc	See Language page
top grinding stone	metate, mano; piedra de moler	metate, mano	manufacture			use word for top grinding stone if different from bottom stone	See Language page
tripod for washing manioc	trípode	tripé	subsistence tool			agriculture	See Language page
venom for darts, poison	veneno	curare	subsistence tool	kome, uesárake, yínosar ('veneno')	kome, uesárake, jínosar ('veneno')	hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?)	See Language page
wax	cera	cera	other	vanomapúchare (vano 'honey')	βanomapúʃare (vano 'honey')		See Language page
woven strainer/sieve	colador tejido, cedazo (Peru), cernedor (Peru)	peneira, cumatá	subsistence tool			agriculture? commonly used for sifting dry manioc flour	See Language page
yurupari, jurupari (or any flutes forbidden to women)	yurupari	jurupari	culture-mythology	sokɨ (SM)	sokɨ (SM)	a ritual complex in various parts of Amazonia involving sacred flutes/trumpets, forbidden to women.	See Language page

Showing 1 to 97 of 97 entries