Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

hammock

Semantic Field
culture-material
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
hamaca, chinchorro
Meaning Portuguese
rede

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
Kakua maʔ maʔ doubtful loan North Arawak WW %amaka Occurs in Arawak, Macaguan, Kakua (?), Urarina (?), Aguaruna. Taylor 9157 argues that origin is in Arawak 'sleep-NMLZ' Simplex See Language page
Nheengatu makira makira doubtful loan North Arawak WW %amaka Distinct from other TG forms. Occurs in Arawak, Macaguan, Kakua (?), Urarina (?), Aguaruna. Taylor 9157 argues that origin is in Arawak 'sleep-NMLZ' See Language page
Waorani ñõõ unique See Language page
Hodï diye/tiye unique Also: tiye Simplex See Language page
Yanomami yɨɨ këkɨ, mrakamathoto (EM72) jɨ: kəkɨ, mɾakamatʰoto inheritance Proto-Yanomamo Alternate: jɨ: kekɨ Simplex See Language page
Yanomam rakamthok (EM72) ɾakamtʰok vine hammock, cotton hammock inheritance Proto-Yanomamo Alternate: yɨ̃kɨk; The word for cotton is “yɨ̃ɨkɨk,” the word for a cotton hammock seems to come from this. Simplex See Language page
Ninam nakamthok (EM72) nakamtʰok hammock (cotton or vine) inheritance Proto-Yanomamo Simplex See Language page
Kotiria pʉno (Waltz) pʉno (Waltz) inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Simplex See Language page
Cubeo pãucʉ pãu-kɨ inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Classfier -kɨ See Language page
Tukano pũûgɨ pũûgɨ inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Simplex See Language page
Desano pʉgʉ̃ pɯgɯ̃ inheritance Proto-Tukanoan Simplex See Language page
Maihiki jaɨdɨ ja xãı̃dɨ xã inheritance Proto-Tukanoan See Language page
Hup yág jág inheritance Proto-Nadahup Simplex See Language page
Dâw yeg jæg inheritance Proto-Nadahup Simplex See Language page
Sikuani bu (2) bú inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Macaguan hamák loan North Arawak WW %amaka Occurs in Arawak, Macaguan, Kakua (?), Urarina (?), Aguaruna. Taylor 9157 argues that origin is in Arawak 'sleep-NMLZ' Simplex See Language page
Guayabero búu búu (CM72) inheritance Proto-Guahiban See Language page
Pemon kaimi, karimi (A1981) kaimi, kaɾimi (A1981) unknown Alternate: kaɾimi See Language page
Akawaio akkuuak aʔkuak unknown But compare Arawak-origin WW %amaka See Language page
Makushi áttá áttá inheritance Proto-Carib? Attested Venezuelan and Guianan branches See Language page
Eñepa tatë (MM) tatǝ (MM) inheritance Proto-Carib? Attested Venezuelan and Guianan branches See Language page
Yukuna jamaká; hetá (R01) hamaká; hetá (R01) inheritance, inheritance Proto Arawak WW %amaka Occurs in Arawak, Macaguan, Kakua (?), Urarina (?), Aguaruna. Taylor 1957 argues that origin is in Arawak 'sleep-NMLZ' Simplex See Language page
Tariana amakú amakú inheritance WW %amaka Occurs in Arawak, Macaguan, Kakua (?), Urarina (?), Aguaruna, Taylor (1957): source is Arawak sleep-NMLZ Simplex See Language page
Wapishana z̨amaka ʐamaka inheritance Proto Arawak WW %amaka Wanderwort, Arawak source Simplex See Language page
Baniwa piéta piéta inheritance Proto North Central Arawak Simplex See Language page
Resígaro hamáakú, heté? hamáakú, hetéʔ inheritance, inheritance Proto Arawak WW %amaka Occurs in Arawak, Macaguan, Kakua (?), Urarina (?), Aguaruna. Taylor 1957 argues that origin is in Arawak 'sleep-NMLZ'; [Alternate: heté?] Simplex See Language page
Achagua á:maca, éeda (R01) á:maca; éeda (R01) inheritance, inheritance See Language page
Piapoco amàca; é(e)da (R01) amàka; é(e)da (R01) See Language page
Kabiyari héeta héeta See Language page
Yavitero amáija amáiha See Language page
Bare hmi hmi See Language page
Paresi maˈka maˈka inheritance See Language page
Trinitario aču See Language page
Baure wotoki wotoki unknown cf. Suya kweteké (but no contact?) See Language page
Waurá amaka amaka inheritance See Language page
Bora kwaá-pya, kʷaá-pa kwaá-pja, kʷaá-pa inheritance See Language page
Muinane gááí-ba gááí-ba See Language page
Apalai otuato otuato inheritance See Language page
Wayana ëtat ǝtat inheritance See Language page
Carijona etate inheritance See Language page
Tiriyó ehke(tï) ehke(tɨ) unknown See Language page
Makiritare öwa'tö, ö:'wa'tö (KH) əwaʔtə, ə:ʔwaʔtə (KH) inheritance See Language page
Mapoyo ë'watë ɛ'watɛ See Language page
Wai Wai kuywa kujwa unknown See Language page
Waimiri Atroari samka (Wapishana loan?) samka See Language page
Yukpa nöjpo nɔhpo See Language page
Northern Emberá hiráabaa hiráaba: See Language page
Epena ['makʰa] See Language page
Cofán anae´ma anaɛʔma phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra xomanzi tʂomanʂi unique See Language page
Taushiro u´ne uʔnɨ See Language page
Páez weh (H&R) weh See Language page
Tikuna cüchawa; ná-pa (Alv44) kɨtʃawa; nápa doubtful loan, direction unknown; unique Zaparo kwatitʃa See Language page
Urarina amąą amãa doubtful loan Arawak/Spanish See Language page
Andoke komẽ (ko- is from kono=liana, mẽ means solid and supple); Nom. class -pǝ́ komẽ (ko- is from kono=liana, mẽ means solid and supple); Nom. class -pǝ́ unique See Language page
Pumé burí See Language page
Puinave kãn kãn unique See Language page
Warao ha ha See Language page
Ashuar támpu tampu See Language page
Huambisa tampu tampu See Language page
Aguaruna amák (Sp.), tampu (small hammock) amák (Sp.), tampu (small hammock) inheritance See Language page
Nukak ʔimdʒi unique See Language page
Yuhup yǎg jǎg See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect jak̚ inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect jag See Language page
Matses di di unknown See Language page
Chácobo niši niši inheritance See Language page
Yagua juniy xũnij doubtful loan Witotoan See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua amanga amanga See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua aparina, amanga apaɾina, amanga See Language page
Piaroa wEri'cah wæriɁsah unknown See Language page
Sáliva õcuah tehsia õkʷaʔ teʔsia unknown cf. Carib? See Language page
Bará pũũ'gɨ̃ See Language page
Barasano hũʉgʉ, hũɨ̃ hũʉgʉ, hũɨ̃ See Language page
Carapana pṹɨ̃ pṹɨ̃ See Language page
Makuna jũgʉ̃ xũgɨ̃ inheritance See Language page
Yuruti pṹgɨ̃ pɨ̃'dõ See Language page
Waikhana pɨ̃'dõ pṹgʉ See Language page
Siriano pṹgʉ pṹgɨ See Language page
Tanimuca pãũã pãũã inheritance See Language page
Tatuyo pṹɨ̃ pṹɨ̃ See Language page
Tuyuka pũũ-'gɨ̃́ pũũ-'gɨ̃́ See Language page
Waimaja ᵽṹũŋɨ̃́ ɸṹũŋɨ̃́ See Language page
Koreguaje jãurʉ xãurʉ inheritance See Language page
Siona jaon haon inheritance See Language page
Secoya jaërë jãɨrɨ See Language page
Karitiana eremy eɾemɨ unknown See Language page
Kokama tukini tukini unique See Language page
Wayampi ini (new), kea (old) ini (new), kea (old) inheritance, inheritance See Language page
Chiriguano ĩni inheritance See Language page
Sirionó kisa (P85) kisa inheritance See Language page
Kamayurá ini ini inheritance See Language page
Ocaina xonaajin xõaahĩ inheritance See Language page
Nɨpode Witoto kḯnai kɯ́nai See Language page
Minica Witoto kḯnai kɯ́nai See Language page
Murui Witoto kïnai kɯnai inheritance See Language page
Sanumá makamothotho (EM72) makamotʰotʰo inheritance See Language page
Iquito in'++si in'ɨɨsi unique See Language page
Záparo kwaticha kʷatiʧa See Language page
Wari tʃijat (Sousa2009) tʃijat (Sousa2009) See Language page
Araona šawi See Language page
Ese Ejja kiʔɓi unknown See Language page
Tacana warača See Language page
Cavineña e-bade-ki e-bade-ki unknown See Language page
Cayuvava daba See Language page
Itonama ɨtahwɨ See Language page
Kwazá itso itso See Language page
Movima sele (J62) sele See Language page
Trumai ueset̯; esak uanta ueset̯; esak uanta unknown See Language page
Kaingang tẽ-ja tẽ-ya See Language page
Suyá kweteké kweteké See Language page
Djeoromitxi tetä tetǝ See Language page
Lokono hamaka hamaka hammock Pet 1987:360
Kariña nimjoku nimjoku hammock Yamada 2010:778