Wayampi
- Family
- Tupian
- Region
- South America
- ISO 639-3
- oym
- Location
- 1.74°, -52.69°
- Notes
- Features
-
Basic Vocabulary
Flora Fauna Vocabulary
Cultural Vocabulary
- Data Sources
- Grenand, Françoise. 1989. Dictionnaire wayãpi-français, lexique français-wayãpi (Guyane français). (Langues et Sociétés d'Amérique Traditionelle, 1.) Paris: Peeters / SELAF. Grenand, Françoise & Raymond Alasuka. 2007. Wayampi. Intercontinental Dictionary Series, ed. Mary Ritchie Key. http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/ids/. Olson, Roberta. 1978. Dicionário por Tópicos nas línguas Oiampi (Wajapi)-Português. (Ensaios Lingüísticos, 2.) Cuiabá: SIL Brasil. 49pp.
Basic Vocabulary (191)
| English | Spanish | Portuguese | Semantic Field | Part of Speech | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| above | encima, arriba | acima | location | alu | alu | unknown | See Language page | |||||||||
| and | y | e | grammar | See Language page | ||||||||||||
| ash | ceniza(s) | cinzas | environment | tanɛmu | tanɛmu | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| at | en, a | em, a | location | See Language page | ||||||||||||
| back | espalda | costas | body | apɛ | apɛ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| bad | mal | mal | quality | ni-katu-i | ni-katu-i | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| belly | barriga | barriga | body | kãlãtãʔã | kãlãtãʔã | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| below | abajo, debajo | abaixo | location | ɨwɨ-kɨtɨ-lɛ (Lit. 'soil/ground-toward-to') | ɨwɨ-kɨtɨ-lɛ (Lit. 'soil/ground-toward-to') | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| big | grande | grande | quality | taʔɨ-luwã (Lit. 'small-false') | taʔɨ-luwã (Lit. 'small-false') | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| black | negro | preto | colour | piyũ; -ũ | pijũ; -ũ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| blood | sangre | sangue | body | -l-uwɨ | -l-uwɨ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| boil/pimple | espinilla, granos | espinha, borbulha | body | kalasapa | kalasapa | unknown | See Language page | |||||||||
| bone | hueso | osso | body | kãŋɛ | kãŋɛ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| breast | pecho, seno | peito | body | susu | susu | doutbful loan | Onomatopoeic, but possibly a loan since the same form is found in a number of areal languages; Makú /tʃütʃü/; Quechua del Pastaza /tʃutʃu/; Yucuna (Arawak) tʃuʔutʃú; Proto-Chibchan | See Language page | ||||||||
| child | niño, niña | criança | human | yaʔɨ | jaʔɨ | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| cloud | nube | nuvem | environment | ɨwakũ | ɨwakũ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| cold | frío | frio | quality | luwã; -l-ɔʔɨ | luwã; -l-ɔʔɨ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| correct/true | verdad, de veras | verdade | quality | ɛʔɛ | ɛʔɛ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| day | día | dia | time | aa; alɨwɔ | aa; alɨwɔ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| dirty | sucio | sujo | quality | kɨʔa | kɨʔa | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| dingo/wolf | fauna | See Language page | ||||||||||||||
| dry | seco | seco | quality | sini; -tala; -sikã | sini; -tala; -sikã | inheritance; unknown | See Language page | |||||||||
| dull/blunt | sin filo, mocho, desafilado, embotado, romo | maçante, desamolado, não afiado | quality | n-aimɛ-y ('not sharp') | n-aimɛ-j ('not sharp') | See Language page | ||||||||||
| dust | polvo | poeira | environment | kuʔi | kuʔi | inheritance/sem shift? | see 'flour' | See Language page | ||||||||
| ear | oreja | orelha | body | apɨa-kwa ('ear-hole') | apɨa-kwa ('ear-hole') | unknown | See Language page | |||||||||
| earth/soil | tierra | terra | environment | ɨwɨ | ɨwɨ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| egg | huevo | ovo | fauna | -l-upiʔa | -l-upiʔa | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| eye | ojo | olho | body | #NAME? | #NAME? | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| far | lejos | longe | quality | kɔipɛ | kɔipɛ | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| fat/grease | grasa | gordura | body | ka | ka | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| father | padre, papá | pai | kinship | -l-u; papa (VOC) | -l-u; papa (VOC) | unknown; doubtful loan | See Language page | |||||||||
| feather | pluma | pena | fauna | pɛpɔ | pɛpɔ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| fire | fuego | fogo | environment | tata | tata | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| flower | flor | flor | environment | pɔtɨ | pɔtɨ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| fog | niebla, neblina | nevoeira, bruma, neblina | environment | atãsĩ | atãsĩ | See Language page | ||||||||||
| fruit | fruta | fruta | flora | ʔa | ʔa | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| good | bueno | bom | quality | katu; i-wɔtɛ | katu; i-wɔtɛ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| hair (of head) | cabello | cabelo | body | a | a | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| hand | mano | mão | body | pɔ | pɔ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| 3sg | el/ella | ele/ela | grammar | ɔ-; ãwĩ | ɔ-; ãwĩ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| head | cabeza | cabeça | body | ãkã | ãkã | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| heavy | pesado | pesado | quality | pɔwɨ | pɔwɨ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| how? | como | como | grammar | manɨwɔ | manɨwɔ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| 1sg | yo | eu | grammar | a-; iyɛ | a-; ijɛ | inheritance | For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms | See Language page | ||||||||
| if | si | se | grammar | #NAME? | #NAME? | See Language page | ||||||||||
| in/inside | dentro, adentro | dentro | location | pupɛ; pɛ | pupɛ; pɛ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| intestines | intestinos | intestinos | body | ɨkɛ | ɨkɛ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| lake | lago | lago | environment | ɨpa | ɨpa | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| leaf | hoja | folha | environment | kaʔa-lɔ 'plant-flesh' | kaʔa-lɔ 'plant-flesh' | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| left/left hand | izquierdo | esquerdo | location/body | ɛyau | ɛjau | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| leg/foot | pierna | perna | body | -l-ɛtɨmã | -l-ɛtɨmã | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| lightning | rayo, relámpago | relampago | environment | wɛla | wɛla | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| liver | hígado | figado | body | pɨa | pɨa | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| long | largo | comprido, longo | quality | puku | puku | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| louse | piollo, piojo | piolho | fauna | kɨɨ | kɨɨ | inheritance | order Phtiraptera | See Language page | ||||||||
| man/male | hombre | homem | human | kwimaʔɛ | kwimaʔɛ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| meat/flesh | carne | carne | fauna | miya; -ɔʔɔ (CL) | mija; -ɔʔɔ (CL) | unique; inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| moon | luna | lua | environment | yaɨ | jaɨ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| mother | madre, mamá | mãe | kinship | ɨ; mãmã (VOC) | ɨ; mãmã (VOC) | inheritance; loan | Span/Port? | See Language page | ||||||||
| mouth | boca | boca | body | yulu | julu | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| name | nombre | nome | human | anɨ | anɨ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| near/close | cerca de | perto | quality | pɨi | pɨi | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| nape | base del cuello, nuca | nuca | body | atuakã | atuakã | See Language page | ||||||||||
| neck | cuello | pescoço | body | alɨpɨ | alɨpɨ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| new | nuevo | novo | quality | pɨau | pɨau | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| night | noche | noite | time | ɨpɨa | ɨpɨa | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| no/not | no | não | grammar | ãnĩ (G89) | ãnĩ (G89) | unknown | See Language page | |||||||||
| nose | nariz | nariz | body | sĩ | sĩ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| old | viejo | velho | quality | kalakuwa | kalakuwa | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| one | uno | um | number | pɛ̃ʔĩ | pɛ̃ʔĩ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| other | otro | outro | grammar | ãmũ (G89) | ãmũ (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| pain/painful/sick | dolor, doloroso, enfermo | dor, doloroso, doente | body | tɛkɔ-lã ('human being-false') | tɛkɔ-lã ('human being-false') | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| person/human being | persona | pessoa | human | tɛkɔ; mira | tɛkɔ; mira | unique; loan | from Nheengatu (acc. IDS) | See Language page | ||||||||
| rain | lluvia | chuva | environment | amã | amã | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| red | rojo | vermelho | colour | pilã; pɨtã | pilã; pɨtã | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| right/right hand | derecha | direita | location/body | ɛʔɛ-katu (Lit. 'genuine-good') | ɛʔɛ-katu (Lit. 'genuine-good') | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| road/path | camino | caminho | manufacture | pɛɛ | pɛɛ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| root | raíz | raiz | flora | #NAME? | #NAME? | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| rotten | podrido | podre | quality | nɛ̃ | nɛ̃ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| sand | arena | areia | environment | ɨsĩ | ɨsĩ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| sharp | afilado, filudo, filoso | afiado | quality | aimɛ | aimɛ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| short | corto | curto | quality | atu | atu | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| shoulder | hombro | ombro | body | asiʔɨ | asiʔɨ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| shy/ashamed | tímido, vergonzoso | timido, com vergonha | mental | ãsĩ | ãsĩ | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| skin | piel | pele | body | pilɛ | pilɛ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| sky | cielo | céu | environment | ɨwa | ɨwa | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| small | pequeño | pequeno | quality | kiãwĩ; taʔɨ; -miti; -sisi | kiãwĩ; taʔɨ; -miti; -sisi | unknown; inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| smoke | humo | fumaça | environment | atãsĩ | atãsĩ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| star | estrella | estrela | environment | yaɨ-tata ('moon-fire') | jaɨ-tata ('moon-fire') | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| stick/wood | palo | pau, vara | flora | wɨla | wɨla | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| stone | piedra | pedra | environment | takulu | takulu | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| tail | cola, rabo | rabo | body | #NAME? | #NAME? | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| that | ese/esa | esse | grammar | missing | See Language page | |||||||||||
| 3pl | ellos/ellas | eles/elas | grammar | ɔ-...-kupa; ãwĩ-kũ | ɔ-...-kupa; ãwĩ-kũ | unknown | See Language page | |||||||||
| thick | grueso, gordo, espeso | grosso | quality | anã | anã | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| thin | delgado | fino | quality | salala; sili | salala; sili | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| this | este/esta | este | grammar | ã (G89) | ã (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| 2sg | xx | xx | grammar | ɛlɛ-; ɛnɛ | ɛlɛ-; ɛnɛ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| throat | garganta | garganta | body | kuluka; yɨʔɔ | kuluka; jɨʔɔ | doubtful loan | Portuguese/Spanish? | See Language page | ||||||||
| three | tres | tres | number | maapɨ | maapɨ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| thunder | truenos | trovão | environment | tupã | tupã | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| bite | morder | morder | body | -suʔu | -suʔu | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| blow | soplar | soprar | body | #NAME? | #NAME? | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| breathe | respirar | respirar | body | -y-pɨtuɛkɨi | -j-pɨtuɛkɨi | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| burn | quemar | queimar | environment | -ɛnɨ | -ɛnɨ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| chew | masticar, mascar | mastigar | body | -suʔu | -suʔu | semantic shift | bite | See Language page | ||||||||
| climb | subir | subir | motion | #NAME? | #NAME? | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| come | venir | vir | motion | #NAME? | #NAME? | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| cook | cocinar | cozinhar | impact | -yɨ | -jɨ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| count | contar | contar | mental | #NAME? | #NAME? | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| cry | llorar | chorar | mental | #NAME? | #NAME? | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| cut/hack | cortar | cortar | impact | -kɨsi | -kɨsi | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| die/be dead | morir | morrer | state | -manɔ̃; amɨ | -manɔ̃; amɨ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| dig | cavar | cavar | impact | -pɨkɔ̃y | -pɨkɔ̃j | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| dream | soñar | sonhar | mental | #NAME? | #NAME? | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| drink | beber, tomar | beber | body | -ʔu | -ʔu | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| eat | comer | comer | body | -u; -y-miʔu | -u; -j-miʔu | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| fall | caer | cair | motion | -ʔa | -ʔa | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| fear | miedo | medo | mental | -kɨyɛ | -kɨyɛ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| flow | fluir | fluir | motion | -pɛy; -sululu | -pɛj; -sululu | unknown; inheritance? | See Language page | |||||||||
| fly | volar | voar | motion | #NAME? | #NAME? | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| grow | crecer | crescer | state | -yɔ̃ĩ; -wɛ̃ | -jɔ̃ĩ; -wɛ̃ | unique; inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| hear | oír | ouvir | mental | -apɨa | -apɨa | unknown | See Language page | |||||||||
| hide | esconder | esconder | motion | -palã; -yɛmi | -palã; -jɛmi | unknown; inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| hit | golpear, pegar | bater | impact | -nupã | -nupã | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| hold | correr, asegurar, sostener | segurar | other | #NAME? | #NAME? | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| kill | matar | matar | impact | #NAME? | #NAME? | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| know/be knowledgeable | saber, conecer | saber, conhecer | mental | #NAME? | #NAME? | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| laugh | reír | rir | mental | nupi | nupi | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| lie down | acostarse, echarse | deitar | motion | #NAME? | #NAME? | doubtful loan | Arawak | See Language page | ||||||||
| live/be alive | vivir | viver, morar | body | -wɛtɛyĩ | -wɛtɛjĩ | unknown | See Language page | |||||||||
| open/uncover | abrir | abrir | other | #NAME? | #NAME? | inheritance? | See Language page | |||||||||
| pound/beat | machacar, golpear | bater | impact | #NAME? | #NAME? | See Language page | ||||||||||
| say | decir | dizer | mental | yoi-kĩ | joi-kĩ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| scratch | rascar | rasgar | impact | amokekei (O78) | amokekei (O78) | unknown | See Language page | |||||||||
| see | ver | ver | mental | #NAME? | #NAME? | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| shoot | tirar, disparar, balear | atirar | impact | -mɔ̃ɛ̃; -mɔtĩ | -mɔ̃ɛ̃; -mɔtĩ | unknown | See Language page | |||||||||
| sit | sentar(se) | sentar | state | -apɨ | -apɨ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| sleep | dormir | dormir | body | #NAME? | #NAME? | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| sniff/smell | olfatear, oler | cheirar | body | -ɛ̃tɔ̃; -tũ | -ɛ̃tɔ̃; -tũ | inheritance | primarily transitive | See Language page | ||||||||
| spit | escupir | cuspir | body | -yɛnɨmũ; -l-ɛnɨ | -jɛnɨmũ; -l-ɛnɨ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| split | partir, dividir | rachar, dividir, partir | impact | -ɔka; -mɔʔi | -ɔka; -mɔʔi | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| squeeze | estrujar, exprimir | espremer | impact | -amĩ | -amĩ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| stab/pierce | apuñalar, acuchillar | apunhalar | impact | -mɔ-mu; -pupu | -mɔ-mu; -pupu | unknown | See Language page | |||||||||
| stand | estar de pié | ficar em pé | state | -puʔã | -puʔã | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| steal | robar | roubar | other | mɔna | mɔna | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| suck | chupar | chupar | body | #NAME? | #NAME? | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| swell | hincharse | inchar | body | lulu | lulu | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| swim | nadar | nadar | motion | -ɨa | -ɨa | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| think | pensar | pensar | mental | -yaʔa | -yaʔa | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| throw | tirar, lanzar | atirar, jogar | impact | -mɔ-mɔ; -yapiãpi | -mɔ-mɔ; -japiãpi | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| tie up/fasten | atar, amarrar | amarrar | impact | -pãsĩ | -pãsĩ | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| turn | girar, volter, torcer | virar | other | -yɛwɨ | -jɛwɨ | unknown | may be transitive or intransitive | See Language page | ||||||||
| vomit | vomitar | vomitar | body | -wɛ̃ʔɛ̃ | -wɛ̃ʔɛ̃ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| walk | caminar, andar | andar | motion | #NAME? | #NAME? | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| work | trabajar | trabalhar | other | #NAME? | #NAME? | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| yawn | bostezar | bocejar | body | #NAME? | #NAME? | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| tongue | lengua | lingua | body | apɛkũ | apɛkũ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| tooth | diente | dente | body | -l-ãʔɨ̃ | -l-ãʔɨ̃ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| two | dos | dois | number | mɔkɔ̃y | mɔkɔ̃j | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| water | agua | agua | environment | ɨɨ | ɨɨ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| 1pl.incl | nosotros (inclusivo) | nós (inclusivo) | grammar | ya-; yanɛ | ja-; janɛ | inheritance | no inclusive/exclusive distinction unless noted | See Language page | ||||||||
| 1pl.excl | nosotros (exclusivo) | nós (exclusivo) | grammar | ɔlɔ-; ɔlɛ | ɔlɔ-; ɔlɛ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| wet | mojado | molhado | quality | suʔũ; -mɔ-ɨ | suʔũ; -mɔ-ɨ | unique; unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| what? | que, qué | que | grammar | mɔmaʔɛ | mɔmaʔɛ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| when? | cuando | quando | grammar | manɨwɔ-lɛmɛ̃ | manɨwɔ-lɛmɛ̃ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| where? | donde | onde | grammar | mapɛ | mapɛ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| white | blanco | branco | colour | sĩ; yu | sĩ; ju | inheritance; unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| who? | quien, quién | quem | grammar | awa | awa | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| wife | esposa | esposa | kinship | #NAME? | #NAME? | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| wind | viento | vento | environment | ɨwɨtu | ɨwɨtu | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| wing | ala | asa | body | pɛpɔ-kã | pɛpɔ-kã | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| woman/female | mujer | mulher | human | waĩwĩ | waĩwĩ | inheritance? | See Language page | |||||||||
| yellow | amarillo | amarelo | colour | tawa | tawa | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| 2pl | ustedes | vocês | grammar | pɛ-; pɛyɛ | pɛ-; pɛjɛ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| foot | pie | pé | body | pɨ | pɨ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| again | de nuevo, otra vez | de novo | grammar | ãmũ; wɔyĩ | ãmũ; wɔjĩ | inheritance; unknown | See Language page | |||||||||
| all | todo | todos | other | pilu; piluyĩ | pilu; pilujĩ | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| ankle | tobillo | tornozelo | body | pɛlɛnã | pɛlɛnã | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| armpit | axila, sobaco | axila | body | yɨwa-wɨ | jɨwa-wɨ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| faeces | heces, mierda, excremento, estiércol | fezes | body | #NAME? | #NAME? | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| lung | pulmón | pulmão | body | tuluɛwɨy | tuluɛwɨj | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| sweat | sudar | suor, suar | body | piliʔay | piliʔaj | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| itch | hormiguear, sentir comezón | coçar | body | mɔ̃ | mɔ̃ | See Language page | ||||||||||
| bark | corteza | casca | environment | wɨla-pilɛ | Lit. 'tree-skin' 04.120. | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| fingernail | uña | unha | body | pãpɛ̃ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||
| heart | corazón | coração | body | tuluãkã | unique | See Language page | ||||||||||
| sun | sol | sol | time | kwalaɨ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||
| mountain/hill | montaña, colina, loma, cerro | morro, serra | environment | ɨwɨ-tɨ | Lit. 'earth-much'. | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| green | verde | verde | quality | missing | See Language page | |||||||||||
| hot | caliente | quente | quality | aku | inheritance | See Language page |
Flora Fauna Vocabulary (133)
| English | Spanish | Portuguese | Semantic Field | Part of Speech | Linnean Name | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Etymology Notes | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Range of Term | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | Classifier | Classifier Notes | Hypernym | Source | Association with Social Categories | Ritual/Mythologically Significant | Ritual Notes | Food Source | Food Notes | Medicinal | Medicinal Notes | How Collected | Who Collects | How Prepared | Psychotropic | Psychotropic Notes | Traded | Trade Notes | Distribution | Habitat | Dangerous | Ethnobiology Notes | Species Notes | General Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| horse | caballo | cavalho | flora-fauna | Equus caballus | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| bat | murciélago | morcego | flora-fauna | Chiroptera spp. | anɨla | anɨla | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| bird | pajaro, ave | passaro | flora-fauna | wɨla | wɨla | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| curassow | mitu, montete (Peru), paujil/panjuil (Peru), paujil de Salvin (Peru for Mitu salvini) | mutum | flora-fauna | Crax sp., Nothocrax sp. | mɨtũ (G89) | mɨtũ (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | Amazonia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| toucan | tucán, pinsha (Peru) | tucano | flora-fauna | Ramphastos sp. | tukã (G89) | tukã (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| gray-winged trumpeter | Grulla, Trompetero Ala Gris | jacamim | flora-fauna | Psophia crepitans | yakami (G89) | jakami (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | Northern Amazonia (N of Solimões), not in northern Colombia; Dark-winged trumpeter is found south of Solimões | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| guan | pava, pucacunga (Peru), pava de Spix (Peru) | jacu | flora-fauna | Penelope sp. | malay (G89) | malaj (G89) | loan - WW | %mare | See Language page | Different types have different localized ranges | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| tinamou | tinamu, perdiz, gallineta | inambu, inhambu | flora-fauna | family Tinamidae | inãmu, suwi (G89) | inãmu, suwi (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| hummingbird | colibrí, picaflor (Peru) | beija-flor | flora-fauna | family Trochilidae | wainɨmɨ (G89) | wainɨmɨ (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | Widespread | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| kingfisher | martín pescador, catalan (Peru) | martim-pescador | flora-fauna | family Alcedinidae | yawasi (G89) | jawasi (G89) | unknown | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| owl (large) | búho, lechuza | corujão | flora-fauna | order Strigiformes | ulukulɛa | ulukulɛa | inheritance | See Language page | Widespread | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| macaw | ara, guacamaya | Arara | flora-fauna | family Psittacidae; Ara sp. | alala (G89) | alala (G89) | loan into protolg? - WW | %arara | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| parrot | loro real, loro (Sp. form is a loan from Carib) | papagaio | flora-fauna | Amazona amazonica | kulɛ | kulɛ | loan - WW | %kuli | See Language page | Widespread | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| dove | paloma | pomba | flora-fauna | family Columbidae | pɨkau; yɛlusi | pɨkau; jɛlusi | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| hawk | halcón, gavilán | gavião | flora-fauna | family Accipitridae | tawatɔ | tawatɔ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| vulture | buitre, gallinazo, rinahui (Peru) | urubu | flora-fauna | family Cathartidae | uluwu | uluwu | inheritance | See Language page | Widespread South America | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| duck | pato | pato, marreco | flora-fauna | Anatidae family | [alapɔnɔ] (Grenand: Carib loan) | [alapɔnɔ] (Grenand: Carib loan) | loan | Carib | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| great egret | Garza Blanca, Guyratî | Garça-Branca-Grande | flora-fauna | Ardea alba | wakala (Pilherodius pileatus) (G89), wɨla (Egretta alba) | wakala (Pilherodius pileatus) (G89), wɨla (Egretta alba) | doubtful loan - WW | %wakara | See Language page | Widespread South America | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| woodpecker | pájaro carpintero, carpintero | pica-pau | flora-fauna | family Picidae | pekũ (G89) | pekũ (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| dog (camp, domestic) | perro | cachorro | flora-fauna | Canis famililaris | yawa | jawa | semantic shift | jaguar | See Language page | Not native; widespread | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| dog (wild; bush dog) | sachaperro, Perro de Monte, Zorro Vinagre, Guanfando; Zorro Ojizarco, Zorro Negro, Perro de Orejas Corta | cachorro-do-mato | flora-fauna | Speothos venaticus; Atelocynus microtis | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| anteater | oso hormiguero; tapia pelejo or pelejo chico for Cyclopes didactylus | tamanduá | flora-fauna | Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater) | tamanuwa (G89) | tamanuwa (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | Widespread Amazonian lowlands | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| armadillo | armadillo, carachupa (Peru), yangunturi (Peru for Giant armadillo) | tatu | flora-fauna | family Dasypodidae; e.g. Priodontes maximus (Giant armadillo), Dasypus novemcinctus, Dasypus kappleri | tatu (G89) | tatu (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | Widespread in Amazonia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| sloth | pereza, pelejo (Peru), perezoso (Peru) | macaco preguica | flora-fauna | Choloepus sp., Bradypus sp. | aʔɨ (G89) | aʔɨ (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| alligator, black caiman | babilla; cachirre | jacaré | flora-fauna | Melanosuchus niger, Caiman schlerops; Paleosuchus sp. | yakalɛ (G89) | jakalɛ (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | Throughout Amazonia | Port term reportedly borrowed from Tupi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| electric eel | anguila eléctrica | poraquê | flora-fauna | Electrophorus electricus | pɨlakɛ (G89) | pɨlakɛ (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| fish (generic) | pez | peixe | flora-fauna | pila | pila | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| pacu fish | palometa, garopita, garopa, curhuara (Peru) | pacu | flora-fauna | Mylossoma sp. | paku (G89) | paku (G89) | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| pirana | piraña, caribe | piranha | flora-fauna | subfamily Serrasalmidae | piraĩ (O78) | piraĩ (O78) | inheritance | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| tigerfish | taraira, guabina, huasaco (Peru) | traíra | flora-fauna | Hoplias sp. | talɛʔɨ (G89) | talɛʔɨ (G89) | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| mandi catfish | maparate (used in Peru for some types of catfish, including Auchenipterus sp.), cunchi (used in Peru for some types of catfish), bagre (catfish) | mandi | flora-fauna | Auchenipterus sp. | pilateau, pilakupɛãsĩ (G89) | pilateau, pilakupɛãsĩ (G89) | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| speckled catfish | surubí, pintadillo | surubim, sorubim | flora-fauna | Pseudoplatystoma sp. | suluwi (G89) | suluwi (G89) | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| toad | sapo | sapo | flora-fauna | order Anura | kululu, pilikɔlɔ (G89) | kululu, pilikɔlɔ (G89) | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| iguana | iguana, garipiares (Colombia) | camaleão | flora-fauna | Iguana sp. | talawi (G89) | talawi (G89) | unknown | See Language page | iguana' is reportedly from Arawak iwana | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| small lizard | lagartija | calango | flora-fauna | order Squamata | tɛyu | tɛju | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| stingray (generic) | rayas látigo, raya | arraia | flora-fauna | Potamotrygon sp. | yawɛwɨy, [sɛpali], from Wayana (Cariban) | jawɛwɨj, [sɛpali], from Wajana (Cariban) | inheritance, loan | Carib: Wayana | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| crab | cangrejo | caranguejo | flora-fauna | infraorder Brachyura | uwa (G89) | uwa (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| anaconda | anaconda, boa, boa acuática grande | sucuri | flora-fauna | genus Eunectes | mɔyu (G89) | mɔju (G89) | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| boa | boa; mantona (red-tailed boa); boa de altura | jiboia | flora-fauna | family Boidae, subf. Boinae | yuwɔy (G89) | juwɔj (G89) | inheritance? | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| snake (generic) | culebra, serpiente | cobra | flora-fauna | mɔy | mɔj | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| snake (poisonous generic) or rattlesnake | víbora (Peru), jergón (Peru), yarara | jararaca | flora-fauna | Bothrops jararaca/atrox | yalala (G89) | jalala (G89) | See Language page | Widespread South America | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| tortoise (red foot, yellow foot/giant) | tortuga, morrocoy, motelo | jabutí, tartaruga | flora-fauna | Yellow-footed: Geochelone denticulata; Red-footed: Geochelone carbonaria | yãwĩ (Geochelene denticulata) | jãwĩ (Geochelene denticulata) | inheritance | See Language page | Widespread | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amazon dolphin | bufeo, delfín, tonina (del Orinoco) | boto cor-de-rosa | flora-fauna | Inia geoffrensis | -- | -- | missing | See Language page | Downstream of major rapids and waterfalls | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| mushroom | champiñón, hongo | cogumelo | flora-fauna | (any edible generic) | ulupɛ | ulupɛ | inheritance | See Language page | prioritize generic term that includes any edible species | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| black palm | bacaba, mapora, pusui, patabá | bacaba | flora-fauna | Oenocarpus bacaba | pinɔ (G89) | pinɔ (G89) | See Language page | Mature forests of Rio Negro and Upper Amazon | may be confused in some entries with O. bataua | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| açai palm | huasí (Peru), asahi, manaca (Ven), asaí, palmiche (Colombia) | açaí | flora-fauna | Euterpe sp. | wasɛy (G89) | wasɛj (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | floodplains, swamp; esp. northern Amazonia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| miriti palm | moriche (Col, Ven), aguaje (Col, Peru), achual, miriti | buriti | flora-fauna | Mauritia flexuosa | mɨlɨsi (G89) | mɨlɨsi (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela; in and near swamps | trunks contain sago-like starch | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| palm for roof thatch | pui, irapay, hoja de irapay, caraná | caraná | flora-fauna | Mauritiella armata OR Lepidocaryum tenue (irapay), Mauritius carana | missing | See Language page | Mauritia carana is limited principally to the Rio Negro and Upper Orinoco regions; dry catinga forests | palm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| paxiuba palm | pona, huacrapona, cashapona, macanilla, pachiuba | paxiuba | flora-fauna | Iriartea exorrhiza OR Iriartea deltoidea | pasiʔɨ (G89) | pasiʔɨ (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | palm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| peach palm, pejibaye palm | chontaduro (Col, Ecuador); pipire (Col); pijuayo (Peru), pijiguao (Ven); tembe (Bol) | pupunha | flora-fauna | Bactris gasipaes | pypyi | pɨpɨi | pupunha | Arawak loan - %pipiri | Olson 1978:10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| seje palm | ungurahui (Peru), palma de seje, milpesos, patabá | patoá, patuá | flora-fauna | Jessenia bataua, aka Oenocarpus bataua | patawa (G89) | patawa (G89) | See Language page | mostly north of Equator; common in Amazonia | may be confused with O. bacaba - compare entries | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| coca | coca | coca | flora-fauna | Erythroxylum coca | missing | See Language page | secondary scrub vegetation. lower alt. of eastern Andes | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| cotton | algodón | algodão | flora-fauna | Gossypium (barbadense: long fibers; hirsutum: short fibers) | mɨnɨyu | mɨnɨju | inheritance | See Language page | secondary scrub vegetation | plant; some sources may confound with kapok Ceiba pentandra (esp. if a single gloss for 'cotton' is given') | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| kapok | ceiba, huimba, lupuna (Peru for Ceiba sp.) | sumaumeira | flora-fauna | Ceiba pentandra | missing | See Language page | northern South America and central America; common in disturbed areas | tree | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| hot pepper | ají, pimentón/pimiento rojo, pucunucho (Peru), charapilla (Peru) | pimenta | flora-fauna | Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens | kɨʔɨ̃y | kɨʔɨ̃j | inheritance | See Language page | secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| peanut | maní (may be loan from Taino Arawak), cacahuete | amendoim | flora-fauna | Arachis hypogaea | monowi (O78) | monowi (O78) | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| pineapple | piña | abacaxi | flora-fauna | Ananas comosus | nanã (O78) | nanã (O78) | inheritance - WW | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| arrow cane, wildcane | caña flecha, caña brava, caña isana | cana para flechas, frecheira, Cana-do-rio | flora-fauna | Gynerium sagittatum | wyra (O78) | wɨra (O78) | See Language page | tropical regions, especially river banks | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| banana, plantain | banano, banana, cambur, bellaco, variedad de plátano | banana | flora-fauna | Musa sp. | pakɔ-ɨ | pakɔ-ɨ | inheritance? | Mello 2000 reconstructs to PTG; Balée 2011 argues for original meaning banana | See Language page | Names for banana/plantain may be derived from bastard plantain by semantic shift. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| beans | frijoles, frejol, caraotas (negras, rojas, blancas) | feijão | flora-fauna | Phaseolus spp. | kumãna | kumãna | inheritance? - WW | %kumana | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| grass | hierba, pasto | capim, grama | flora-fauna | (generic) | kaʔa; kaʔapiʔi; kwãkwã | kaʔa; kaʔapiʔi; kwãkwã | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| maize, corn | mazorca, maiz | milho | flora-fauna | Zea mays | awasi | awasi | inheritance | See Language page | widespread, esp. in river floodplains | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| tobacco | tabaco | tabaco | flora-fauna | Nicotiana tabacum | pɛtɨ; pɛtɨ-sĩ, makulɛ | pɛtɨ; pɛtɨ-sĩ, makulɛ | inheritance | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| tree | árbol | arvore | flora-fauna | wɨla | wɨla | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| achiote, anatto | achiote | urucum | flora-fauna | Bixa orellana | uluku (G78) | uluku (G78) | inheritance | See Language page | secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens | shrub | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| inga | guaba, guamo, guama, shimbillo (Peru) | inga | flora-fauna | Inga spp. | ɨnga (G89) | ɨnga (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | Secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens. North and South America (Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Suriname, Colombia) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| avocado | palta, aguacate | abacate | flora-fauna | Persea americana | missing | See Language page | secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens | tree | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| bitterwood | tortuga caspi, pretina (Peru for tree and tumpline); carahuasca (Peru) | envira | flora-fauna | Duguetia sp. OR Fusaea longifolia OR Guatteria chrysopetala | ɨwi (G89) | ɨwi (G89) | See Language page | secondary forests, native to Brazil | tree | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| brazil nut | castaña | castanha do para (B. excelsa); castanha de cutia (C. edulis) | flora-fauna | Bertholletia excelsa [cf. Couepia edulis 'castanha do cutia'] | yã | jã | See Language page | 1) Couepia: restricted area within Brazil, Rio Purus basin and middle Solimões. 2) Bertholletia: elev: consistently about 200m; mature forests. Widely distributed from Peru, E. Colombia, Brazil to Nicaragua. | tree | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| cashew | anarcado, castaña de cajú, nuez de la India, marañon, cajú, merey (Venezuela) | caju | flora-fauna | Anacardium occidentale / giganteum | akayu (G89) | akaju (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens | tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| genipap | jagua, majagua - Colombia, caruto, xagua - Venezuela, bigrande - Bolivia, huito, yaguayagua - Peru, ygualti - Nicaragua, maluco - Mexico | genipapo, jenipapo | flora-fauna | Genipapa americana | yanɨpa (G89) | janɨpa (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | widespread lowland SA | shrub | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| japurá | oreja de murcielago | japurá | flora-fauna | Erisma japura | See Language page | large tree | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| rubber tree (sorva) | caucho, siringa, shiringa | seringa, borracha | flora-fauna | Hevea sp. | missing | See Language page | Widespread Amazonia | tree | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ucuqui | yugo, caimitillo del monte (Peru) | ucuqui | flora-fauna | Pouteria ucuqui | See Language page | native to NW Amazonia, found primarily in Vaupes and Caqueta regions | other species of Pouteria exist and have much-used edible fruit; these can be subsituted where relevant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amazon tree-grape | uva de monte, uvilla (Peru), puruma, caime, caimarona (and variants; Col.) | cucura | flora-fauna | Pourouma cecropiifolia | missing | See Language page | grows wild in Western Amazon basin; cultivated in Colombia since pre-Colombian times | a tree; not a true grape | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| manioc (bitter or generic) | yuca brava | mandioca | flora-fauna | Manihot esculenta | maniʔɔ | maniʔɔ | inheritance | See Language page | not generally cultivated in western (subAndean) Amazon. Arroyo-Kalin (2010) argues for a correlation with distribution of dark earths, mostly formed after 1AD, and the modeled-incised pottery tradition. | Provides more starch and is more pest-resistant than the sweet variety, but requires much processing. Arroyo-Kalin (2010) proposes that bitter type was developed from sweet through post-ceremic agricultural intensification (motivated by high starch yield | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| manioc (sweet) | yuca, caribe | macaxeira | flora-fauna | Manihot esculenta | missing | See Language page | Primary staple in western/subAndean Amazonia, less important elsewhere | No processing required, but lower starch yield and pest resistance than bitter variety | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| potato | papa | batata | flora-fauna | Solanum tuberosum | See Language page | secondary scrub vegetation | compare entries for sweet potato | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| potato, sweet potato | camote, batata dulce, batata, cumara | batata-doce | flora-fauna | Ipomoea batatas | yɛtɨ | jɛtɨ | inheritance | See Language page | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| cará tuber, purple or white | camote, sachapapa | cará roxo, branco | flora-fauna | Dioscorea sp. | kala | kala | See Language page | secondary scrub vegetation; forest clearings | plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| tannia, yautia | huitina (Peru), ñame | taioba branca | flora-fauna | Xanthosoma spp. | tayɔ, tãsĩ | tajɔ, tãsĩ | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| bottle-gourd (vine) or calabash (tree) | calabazo, calabaza; auyama (Dominican Republic and Venezuela), ayote (parts of Central America), zapallo (parts of South America), tutumo/totumo/totuma (Cresc tree), huingo (Peru for Crescentia cujete), tapara | cabaça | flora-fauna | Crescentia cujete (round variety - tree); (Cucurbita) Lagenaria siceraria (bottle variety - vine) | [mulutuku] | [mulutuku] | See Language page | indigenous gardens | plant; tree | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| squash | calabaza, calabacines, auyamas, zapallos, huingo (Peru) | abóbora | flora-fauna | Cucurbita sp. | [asikala] ( from Wayana 'asikala') | [asikala] ( from Wajana 'asikala') | loan | Wayana | See Language page | plant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| cipó vine | tamishi, bejuco, yare | cipó | flora-fauna | Heteropsis spp. | ɨpɔ | ɨpɔ | See Language page | secondary forest, floodplain | vine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| fish poison, barbasco | barbasco, matapez (Colombia) | timbó | flora-fauna | Lonchocarpus spp. | ɨmɛku | ɨmɛku | loan | Carib, cf. Taranoan ineku | See Language page | secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation | shrub/tree | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| hallucinogenic vine, banisterium, ayahuasca | ayahuasca, yage | ayahuasca, caapi | flora-fauna | Banisteriopsis caapi | missing | See Language page | semi-domesticated, native to Amazonian basin, esp. NW | vine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| hallucinogenic snuff | vilca, cebil, yopo | paricá, yopo | flora-fauna | Anadenanthera sp. or virola | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| insect (generic) | insecto | insecto | flora-fauna | generic | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ant (generic) | hormiga | formiga | flora-fauna | Formicidae | taɨ | taɨ | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| bullet ant, lesser giant hunter ant | conga, hormiga yanabe (Colombia), isula (Peru), Hormiga Veinticuatro | tocandira | flora-fauna | Paraponera clavata | tukãngɨ (G89) | tukãngɨ (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| leaf-cutter ant | Colombia: zampopo, hormiga arriera; Venezuela: bachaco; Peru: curuhuinse | saúva | flora-fauna | Atta sp. | ɨa, sãlãwɛ̃ (G89) | ɨa, sãlãwɛ̃ (G89) | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| honeybee | abeja | abelha | flora-fauna | Apis mellifera; Tetragonisca angustula; Trigona amazonensis | ɛila-lu | ɛila-lu | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| cockroach | cucaracha | barata-do-mato | flora-fauna | order Blattaria | alawɛ | alawɛ | inheritance? - WW | %arawe, Mello 2000 *taraBe; cf. Carib (*)masarawa | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| firefly, lightning bug | lampírido, luciérnaga (Peru), añañahui (Peru), cocuyo (attributed Taino origin) | vagalume | flora-fauna | fam: Elateridae, Fengodidae, Lampyridae | ayãpɨtɛʔa | ajãpɨtɛʔa | unique | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| butterfly, moth | mariposa | borboleta | flora-fauna | order Lepidoptera | panã | panã | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| moth | mariposa nocturna, polilla | mariposa | flora-fauna | order Lepidoptera | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| angleworm | lombriz | minhoca | flora-fauna | order Opisthopora | ɛwɔi | ɛwɔi | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| centipede | ciempiés | centopéia | flora-fauna | class Chilopoda | kũpɛpɛ | kũpɛpɛ | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| scorpion | escorpión; alacran | escorpião | flora-fauna | order Scorpiones | yawayɨ | jawajɨ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| cicada | cigarra, chicharra | cigarra | flora-fauna | super fam. Cicadoidea | yamaliku (G89) | jamaliku (G89) | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| flea | pulga | pulga | flora-fauna | order Siphonaptera | tunɨ | tunɨ | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| blowfly/housefly | mosca | mosca | flora-fauna | Diptera | mɛlu | mɛlu | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| cricket | saltón, grillo | grilo | flora-fauna | family Gryllidae | kɨyu (G89) | kɨju (G89) | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| edible palm-dwelling larva (palm weevil) | suri, mojojoy | larva, broca-do-coqueiro, aramandaiá | flora-fauna | Rhynchophorus sp. | pɨsu | pɨsu | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| praying mantis, stick insects | mantis religiosa | louva-a-deus | flora-fauna | order Mantodea, family Mantidae | saʔinɛkɔnɛkɔ (G89) | saʔinɛkɔnɛkɔ (G89) | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| mosquito | mosquito, zancudo | mosquito, carapana | flora-fauna | Anopheles sp. | yasiʔɔ̃ | jasiʔɔ̃ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| termites, white-ants | comején (Peru), termitas | cupim | flora-fauna | order Isoptera | kupiʔĩ (O78) | kupiʔĩ (O78) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| tick | garrapata | carrapato | flora-fauna | superfam Ixodoidea | jateo (O78) | jateo (O78) | inheritance | Mello *jateßuk | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| wasp | avispa; specific type: ronzapa/ronsapa | caba | flora-fauna | order Hymenoptera, sub: Apocrita | kaa | kaa | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| snail | caracol, churo (Peru) | caracol | flora-fauna | class Gastropoda | uluwa; minuʔa | uluwa; minuʔa | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| spider | araña | aranha | flora-fauna | Arachnidae, Araneae | yanu | janu | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| jaguar | yaguar, yaguareté, jaguar, otorongo (Peru), tigre (Peru) | onca | flora-fauna | Panthera onca | yawa (G89) | jawa (G89) | inheritance | cf. Arawak, Tukanoan | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| manatee | vaca marina, manatí | peixe-boi | flora-fauna | Trichechus sp. | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| brown woolly monkey | Mono Lanudo Común, Choro, Churucu, mono choro (Peru), mono lanudo cafe, barrigudo de Humboldt | macaco barrigudo | flora-fauna | Lagothrix lagothricha | missing | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| howler monkey (red-handed) | mono aullador, mono coto (Peru) | guariba | flora-fauna | Alouatta belzebul [or other Alouatta sp.] | akɨkɨ (O78) | akɨkɨ (O78) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| tufted capuchin monkey | mono negro (Peru), Machín Negro, Maicero Cachón, mono maicero | macaco prego | flora-fauna | Cebus apella | kaʔi (G89) | kaʔi (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| white-fronted capuchin | Machín Blanco, mono blanco, Maicero Cariblanco, mono blanco (Peru) | Caiarara | flora-fauna | Cebus albifrons | missing | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| white-fronted spider monkey | Machin Blanco, Mono Araña de Vientre Amarillo, maquisapa (Peru), braceadora (Colombia) | macaco aranha, coatá, quatá | flora-fauna | Ateles belzebuth/paniscus | kwata | kwata | unknown - WW | %kowata; also in Urubu, Assurini Xingu | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| opossum | zarigüeya, rabipelado, zorro, zorrillo | mucura | flora-fauna | family Didelphidae | mɨku | mɨku | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| giant otter | Lobo Grande de Río, nutria gigante, lutria | ariranha | flora-fauna | Pteronura brasiliensis | yawakaka ('jaguar-?'), alalayawa ('macaw-jaguar') | jawakaka ('jaguar-?'), alalajawa ('macaw-jaguar') | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| neotropical otter (small) | Nutria, Lobo de Agua, lobito de rio, perro de agua (Colombia) | lontra | flora-fauna | Lontra longicaudis | sɔlɔlɔ (G89) | sɔlɔlɔ (G89) | loan | Carib: cf. Wai Wai saroro | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| collared peccary | sajino, pecarí de collar, jabalf, Javelina, Saíno, Pecarí de Collar | caititu, caetitu | flora-fauna | Pecari tajacu, Tayassu tajacu | taitɛtu | taitɛtu | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| white-lipped peccary | Chancho de Monte, Cariblanco, Huangana | queixada | flora-fauna | Tayassu pecari | tayau-sĩ | tajau-sĩ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| porcupine | puerco espín, erizo (Peru), casha cushillo (Peru) | cuandu, porco-espinho | flora-fauna | family Erethizontidae | kwanu (G89) | kwanu (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| cotamundi, coatimundi | Coatí, Tejón, Achuni, zorro guache | quati | flora-fauna | genus Nasua | kwasi (Mello2000) | kwasi (Mello2000) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| agouti (black agouti, black-rumped agouti) | Guatusa Negra, Añuje, Agutí (black-rumped), picure, jochi colorado | cutia | flora-fauna | Dasyprocta spp. | akusi (G89) | akusi (G89) | loan into protolg, direction unknown | Carib | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| capybara | Capibara, Carpincho, Ronsoco | capivara | flora-fauna | Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris | kapiyuwa (G89) | kapijuwa (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| green acouchi | Guatín, Punchana, curi, picurito rabudo, picurito rabilargo | cutiara | flora-fauna | Myoprocta pratti | akusiway (G89) | akusiwaj (G89) | See Language page | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| paca (lowland) | Guanta, Paca, Majaz, majás (Peru), labba (Guyana) | paca | flora-fauna | Cuniculus paca (Agouti paca is sometimes used as well although cuniculus is the correct term.) | paa (G89) | paa (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| mouse, rat | ratón | camundongo, rata | flora-fauna | Mus musculus | anuya | anuja | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| squirrel | ardilla, danta (Ven) | serelepe, quatipuru, esquilo | flora-fauna | family Sciuridae | kusipulu (G89) | kusipulu (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| tapir | sachavaca, danta | anta | flora-fauna | Tapirus terrestris | tapiʔi (G89) | tapiʔi (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| deer | venado | veado, cariacu | flora-fauna | family Cervidae, esp. Odocoileus virginianus | sɔʔɔ | sɔʔɔ | unique | See Language page |
Cultural Vocabulary (97)
| English | Spanish | Portuguese | Semantic Field | Part of Speech | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | General Notes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| basket (general) | canasta, canasto, cesta | cesto | culture-material | watula; panakari (O78) | watula; panakari (O78) | doubtful loan into protolg, direction unknown - WW; doubtful loan into protolg, direction unknown - WW | %panaku; %atura | See Language page | ||||||||||
| basket, small | canasta, canasto, cesta | cesto pequeno, tampado | culture-material | See Language page | ||||||||||||||
| bead | abalorio, mostacilla, cuenta, gota, puca; necklace=collar | miçanga | culture-material | -p-ɔʔɨ | -p-ɔʔɨ | inheritance? | See Language page | |||||||||||
| bed | cama | cama | culture-material | yɛapɨpa (lit.'where someone lies down') | jɛapɨpa (lit.'where someone lies down') | unique | See Language page | |||||||||||
| hammock | hamaca, chinchorro | rede | culture-material | ini (new), kea (old) | ini (new), kea (old) | inheritance, inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||||
| bench, seat | banco, silla, asiento | banco | culture-material | apɨka | apɨka | inheritance | from 'sit' | See Language page | ||||||||||
| canoe | canoa | canoa | transport | ɨa (G89) | ɨa (G89) | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||||
| drum (large signal) | tambor, manguaré, maguaré (Colombia) | tambor | culture | missing | Used to be used by Tukanoan peoples (and others?), sound carried for long distances | See Language page | ||||||||||||
| drum | tambor | tambor | culture-mythology | [tãpori] | [tãpori] | loan | Portuguese | See Language page | ||||||||||
| shaman, healer | chamán, brujo | xaman, pajé, feiticeiro | culture-mythology | payɛ | pajɛ | inheritance | In RN region, there is typically one person per village (if that) who is a full-fledged 'shaman'. He is very much a specialist and has considerable power to cure, as well as power to curse. He is respected and feared. Shamans are thought to turn themselv | See Language page | ||||||||||
| healer | curandero | benzador, curandeiro, kumu (Tukano) | culture-mythology | Refers to a lower-level healer; in RN region, most older men in a village have this capacity, and command a repertoire of healing spells. Power is primarily for good, whereas the true shaman is capable of malignant acts as well. | See Language page | |||||||||||||
| broom | escoba | vassoura | culture-material | misɔ | misɔ | inheritance | cf. Quechua piʃana | See Language page | ||||||||||
| clothing | ropa | roupa | culture-mythology | tɨlu | tɨlu | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||||
| fence, palisade | cerco | cerca | other | pali | pali | unknown | prob. TG, cf. ARN terms for 'fish barrier' | may be related to defense/warfare? | See Language page | |||||||||
| firewood | leña | lenha | other | yapɛʔa | japɛʔa | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||||
| Curupira (spirit type) | Curupira, Madremonte | Curupira | culture-mythology | malignant forest spirit, covered with long hair, feet turned backward; in Upper Rio Negro region | See Language page | |||||||||||||
| ghost (of dead person)/evil spirit | espíritu malo, espíritu maligno, fantasma, demonio | espirito | culture-mythology | ãŋɛ | ãŋɛ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||||
| deity/powerful spirit/culture figure | dios(es), deidad | divinidade, figura mítica | culture-mythology | [nios] | [nios] | loan | Spanish | In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc. | See Language page | |||||||||
| flute | flauta, quena (Peru) | flauta | culture-mythology | yɛmiʔa (G89) | jɛmiʔa (G89) | unknown | multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc. | See Language page | ||||||||||
| panpipe | carrizo, zampoñas, flautas de pan, rondadora | caniço, flauta de pã | culture-mythology | ɛlɛwu (G89) | ɛlɛwu (G89) | See Language page | ||||||||||||
| hollow log/trough for beer-making | canoa para chicha | cocho de caxiri | narcotics | See Language page | ||||||||||||||
| ritual song cycle (kapiwaya) | kapiwaya | capiwaya | culture-mythology | See Language page | ||||||||||||||
| knife | cuchillo | faca | culture-material | kɨsɛ; [maliya] (Wayana 'malija') | kɨsɛ; [malija] (Wayana 'malija') | inheritance; loan - WW | %marije | See Language page | ||||||||||
| machete | machete | facão | culture-material | saa | saa | unknown | %sipara/sapere | See Language page | ||||||||||
| axe/stone axe | hacha (de piedra) | machado (de pedra) | subsistence tool | yɨ | jɨ | inheritance | especially for clearing fields | See Language page | ||||||||||
| arrow | flecha | flecha | subsistence tool | wɨlapa | wɨlapa | inheritance | hunting, warfare | See Language page | ||||||||||
| spear | lanza | lança | subsistence tool | aši | aši | unique | See Language page | |||||||||||
| bow | arco | arco | subsistence tool | wɨlapa-ma | wɨlapa-ma | inheritance | arco | See Language page | ||||||||||
| paddle/oar | remo | remo | transport | pɨkwita; pukwita | pɨkwita; pukwita | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||||
| plate | plato | prato | culture-material | [palapi] (Galibi 'palapi') | [palapi] (Galibi 'palapi') | loan - WW | %parapi, via Carib | See Language page | ||||||||||
| pot | olla, pote | panela, vasilha | subsistence tool | tuluwa | tuluwa | loan, direction unknown | att. Warekena, Waimiri-Atroari | See Language page | ||||||||||
| basin/bowl | tazón, plato hondo, taza | tijela | culture-material | ɨwa | ɨwa | unique | See Language page | |||||||||||
| griddle for cooking flatbread | tiesto (Colombia), budare (Venezuela), tortera (Peru) | forno para beiju | subsistence tool | yãpɛ̃ ('that is round') | jãpɛ̃ ('that is round') | inheritance | agriculture? | See Language page | ||||||||||
| rattle | matraca, maraca | marico, chocalho | culture-mythology | [malaka] | [malaka] | loan | Spanish/Port | See Language page | ||||||||||
| resin | resina, brea, copal | resina, brea, breu | subsistence tool | yɨɨ, ayawa (G89) | jɨɨ, ajawa (G89) | unknown | See Language page | |||||||||||
| wax | cera | cera | other | ɛila-tɨkɛ ('honey-scrap') | ɛila-tɨkɛ ('honey-scrap') | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||||
| honey | miel | mel | food | ɛi | ɛi | inheritance | only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia? | See Language page | ||||||||||
| stone for lighting fires | piedra para hacer fuego | pedra para acender fogo | culture-material | See Language page | ||||||||||||||
| rope/string | mecate, cuerda, soga | corda | culture | kulawa | kulawa | unique | See Language page | |||||||||||
| tattoo | tatuaje, tatu | tatuagem | culture-mythology | See Language page | ||||||||||||||
| thatch/roof | crisneja | palha, caraná | culture-material | ɔwi | ɔwi | unknown | See Language page | |||||||||||
| yurupari, jurupari (or any flutes forbidden to women) | yurupari | jurupari | culture-mythology | a ritual complex in various parts of Amazonia involving sacred flutes/trumpets, forbidden to women. | See Language page | |||||||||||||
| fetish, charm | fetiche, encanto, filtro de amor, pusanga | feitiço, puçanga | culture-mythology | See Language page | ||||||||||||||
| feather headdress | plumaje, corona de plumas | enfeite/capacete de penas | culture-mythology | See Language page | ||||||||||||||
| paint body, body paint | pintura corporal | pintura corporal | culture-mythology | See Language page | ||||||||||||||
| afterworld, land of dead, Heaven | tierra do los muertos | terra dos mortos | culture-mythology | nai mɨ̃ra ('sky-inside') | nai mɨ̃ra ('sky-inside') | See Language page | ||||||||||||
| school | escuela | escola | acculturation | [lɛkɔ] | [lɛkɔ] | See Language page | ||||||||||||
| bottle | botella | garrafa | acculturation | See Language page | ||||||||||||||
| paper | papel | papel | acculturation | [kalɛta] | [kalɛta] | loan | Span/Port 'carta' | See Language page | ||||||||||
| dream | sueño, soñar | sonho, sonhar | culture-mythology | #NAME? | #NAME? | See Language page | ||||||||||||
| chicken | gallina | galinha | acculturation | masakala-l-aʔɨ | masakala-l-aʔɨ | loan - WW | %kara | See Language page | ||||||||||
| grave | tumba, sepultura, sepulcro | sepultura, sepulcro, cova | culture-mythology | t-ɨwɨ-kwa (Lit. 'earth-hole') | t-ɨwɨ-kwa (Lit. 'earth-hole') | See Language page | ||||||||||||
| pipe for tobacco | pipa | cachimbo | other | [paipɔ] | [paipɔ] | See Language page | ||||||||||||
| sugarcane/sugar | azúcar, caña de azúcar | açucar (de cana) | acculturation | [asikalu] | [asikalu] | See Language page | ||||||||||||
| skirt | falda, saya, fustan, pollera | saia | culture-material | yapãsĩ-tɨlɨ (Lit. 'tie-loosely') | japãsĩ-tɨlɨ (Lit. 'tie-loosely') | unique | See Language page | |||||||||||
| shoes | zapatos | sapatos | dress | [sapatɔ] | [sapatɔ] | See Language page | ||||||||||||
| policeman | polícia | policía | acculturation | See Language page | ||||||||||||||
| soldier | soldado | soldado | acculturation | -l-ɔwayã | -l-ɔwayã | unknown | See Language page | |||||||||||
| cat | gato | gato | acculturation | malakaya (also 'margay', Felis wiedii) | malakaja (also 'margay', Felis wiedii) | semantic shift | refers to native cat | See Language page | ||||||||||
| gun | arma, escopeta | espingarda, fusil | acculturation | mɔka | mɔka | WW | %mukawa | See Language page | ||||||||||
| hat | sombero | chapéu | dress | [sapɔ] | [sapɔ] | loan | Port chapeu | See Language page | ||||||||||
| chief/leader | jefe, cacique | chefe | culture-mythology | -l-uwiyã | -l-uwiyã | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||||
| club | garrote, cachiporra | clava, porrete | subsistence tool | βino | βino | See Language page | ||||||||||||
| loincloth | taparrabos, guayuco, pampanilla | tanga, tapa-sexo | dress | kalɛmɛ (G89) | kalɛmɛ (G89) | See Language page | ||||||||||||
| fireplace | hogar | lareira | other | See Language page | ||||||||||||||
| fishing line | cordel/cuerda p/ pescar, sedal, tanze | linha de pesca | subsistence tool | [nãirõ] | [nãirõ] | See Language page | ||||||||||||
| salt | sal | sal | food | [sautu]; yukɨ (palm ash salt) | [sautu]; jukɨ (palm ash salt) | loan; inheritance | Dutch, via Creole/Wayana | See Language page | ||||||||||
| song (generic) | canción, canto | canção | culture-mythology | #NAME? | #NAME? | unknown | See Language page | |||||||||||
| blowgun | cerbatana, pucuna (Peru) | zarabatana | subsistence tool | missing | currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region | See Language page | ||||||||||||
| dart (blowgun) | dardo, birote (Peru), bala (Peru) | dardo, seta | subsistence tool | pɔpiya (G89) | pɔpija (G89) | hunting and warfare | See Language page | |||||||||||
| fan | abanico | abanador, abano | subsistence tool | tapɛkwa | tapɛkwa | inheritance | esp. for fanning a cooking fire | See Language page | ||||||||||
| fish (with line) | anzuelear, pescar con linea | pescar (com linha) | food | ɔ-pɨnaitɨ (G89) | ɔ-pɨnaitɨ (G89) | See Language page | ||||||||||||
| fish (with fish-poison) | pescar con barbasco, barbasquear | pescar com timbó; tinguijar | food | ɔ-sĩnga (G89) | ɔ-sĩnga (G89) | inheritance? | See Language page | |||||||||||
| hunt | cazar | caçar | food | mɨ̃pɨnã-kĩ | mɨ̃pɨnã-kĩ | See Language page | ||||||||||||
| game animal | caza, animal de caza | caça, animal de caça | food | mɔmaʔɛ | mɔmaʔɛ | semantic shift | thing' | Interesting correlation to 'fish' in Tukanoan languages | See Language page | |||||||||
| gourd (dipper/bowl) | cucharón, pate (Peru), totomo, totuma, totumo | cuia | subsistence tool | cui, murutuku (O78) | cui, murutuku (O78) | inheritance; loan | %koto/matoko | See Language page | ||||||||||
| grater | rallador, rallo | ralador, ralo | subsistence tool | simari (O78) | simari (O78) | loan | Carib | esp. for grating manioc, but can be used for other things as well | See Language page | |||||||||
| grid of sticks for smoking meat or placing objects (shelf) | barbacoa | jirau | subsistence tool | mɔmaʔɛ-l-ɛna ('thing-place') | mɔmaʔɛ-l-ɛna ('thing-place') | unique | See Language page | |||||||||||
| mortar | mortero | pilão | subsistence tool | ɛnuʔa | ɛnuʔa | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||||
| pestle | pilón, mano de mortero, mazo, moledor | mão de pilão | subsistence tool | ɨmɨla | ɨmɨla | See Language page | ||||||||||||
| fermented drink | masato, chicha | caxiri, chicha | culture | [kasili]; -kaʔu | [kasili] ("from Arawak-Locono, through Wayana, 'to drink manioc beer collectively'"); -kaʔu | loan; unknown | Carib (poss. via Arawak?) | prioritizes manioc beer where distinction is made | See Language page | |||||||||
| flour/meal from manioc | fariña, mañoco (Venezuela); harina | farinha | food | [kwakɨ] (loan, from French Creole of French Guiana 'couac') | [kwakɨ] (loan, from French Creole of French Guiana 'couac') | loan | French creole | agriculture | See Language page | |||||||||
| flat bread, cassava bread | pan de yuca, casabe/cazabe | beiju | food | mɛyu | mɛju | inheritance | usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits | See Language page | ||||||||||
| starch (tapioca, other) | almidón | goma de tapioca | food | tɛpɨʔɔ | tɛpɨʔɔ | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||||
| tapioca drink, mingau | cahuana, caguana | mingau | food | missing | agriculture | See Language page | ||||||||||||
| tipiti (manioc squeezer) | tipiti, matafrio, sebucán, exprimador, prensa para yuca | tipiti | food | tepisi (O78) | tepisi (O78) | inheritance | word of Tupi origin; agriculture: specifically for squeezing poison out of manioc | See Language page | ||||||||||
| tripod for washing manioc | trípode | tripé | subsistence tool | agriculture | See Language page | |||||||||||||
| venom for darts, poison | veneno | curare | subsistence tool | mɔmɔʔɛaɨ (G89) | mɔmɔʔɛaɨ (G89) | unknown | hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?) | See Language page | ||||||||||
| woven strainer/sieve | colador tejido, cedazo (Peru), cernedor (Peru) | peneira, cumatá | subsistence tool | urupẽ (O87) | urupẽ (O87) | inheritance | agriculture? commonly used for sifting dry manioc flour | See Language page | ||||||||||
| bait for fishing | cebo, carnada para pescar, empate (Peru) | isca | subsistence tool | pinapota (O78) | pinapota (O78) | can refer to worms; more generic | See Language page | |||||||||||
| fishtrap | trampa de peces, trampa | matapi, cacuri | subsistence tool | βoɨ βɨta-ti | βoɨ βɨta-ti | See Language page | ||||||||||||
| bottom grinding stone | manufacture | if different word from top grinding stone | See Language page | |||||||||||||||
| digging stick | subsistence tool | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||
| top grinding stone | metate, mano; piedra de moler | metate, mano | manufacture | use word for top grinding stone if different from bottom stone | See Language page | |||||||||||||
| boomerang/throwing stick (generic) | subsistence tool | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||
| spearthrower | subsistence tool | See Language page | ||||||||||||||||
| house | other | ɔka | ɔka | inheritance | See Language page |