Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

die/be dead

Semantic Field: state
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: morir
Meaning Portuguese: morrer

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	mánali:	mánali:		unknown; inheritance			See Language page
Aché		mano		inheritance			See Language page
Aguaruna	besét	bɨsɨt		unique			See Language page
Akawaio	eeriiknö	eriʔnö		inheritance	Akawaio-Pemon		See Language page
Andoke	#NAME?	-ʝi- (to be sick, dying: closest match)		unique			See Language page
Apalai	orihnõko	orihnõko		inheritance			See Language page
Arabana	kumpira			unique
Araona		mano				Tacn form is mano-.	See Language page
Arutani	atay	atay					See Language page
Ashuar	jákatin	xakatin					See Language page
Ayoreo		tooi				Also too'ge; i'tooi. Cf. 'corpse' 04.770.	See Language page
Baniwa	malíome	maɺíome		unique			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	mo-go-poon “died recently”			inheritance
Barasano	riha-re	riha-re					See Language page
Bardi	-ji(i)(m)bi-	-ji(i)(m)bi-		inheritance
Bare	dawí	dawí					See Language page
Bará		di'á-jai-					See Language page
Barí		širɨ̃ aḳbaikãng				Also čɨgbah. Colombia: šidɨrikbaykaynə.	See Language page
Baure	-e'pe-; ṛ̌e'pen	-e'pe-; ṛ̌e'pen		inheritance			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	tiaih (sg subj)			inheritance
Bora	tsɨxɨ́-βe, aapátʰe, ɨmoxɨ́ɨ́βe, kʷáyeééβe… (several others)	tsɨxɨ́-βɛ, aapátʰɛ, ɨmoxɨ́ɨ́βɛ, kʷájɛέέβe… (several others)		inheritance			See Language page
Bunuba	[missing]			missing
Burarra	juwa			unknown
Cahuilla	-muk-			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	xóbanana	xóbanana					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	tsipáamaana	tsipáamaana		unique			See Language page
Carapana	riacoátáje	ɾiakɔátáxɛ					See Language page
Carijona	ahehɨrɨ			unique			See Language page
Cavineña	maho-ya-ke; e-maho-ke; ma-ho- (G71)	maho-ya-ke; e-maho-ke; ma-ho- (G71)		loan (into protolanguage?)	Tupi-Guarani		See Language page
Cayuvava		ua; adu'a-riče; yarua				'Dying' a'r-ua. Also čuku- 'I end, finish, die'.	See Language page
Central Aymara	jiwaña	xiwata; xiwa-ɲa					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	cha/m-shy-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		'pe-mu; 'pe-nu				For plants or trees: 'die' is 'man-'bi-nu. See 'lose' 11.330.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	ja7i/ (sg)			inheritance
Chipaya		tik-š; tik-č̣a					See Language page
Chiriguano		mãno		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		-al ~ -el					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	aqshan			inheritance			Klar 1977:81
Chumash Cruzeno	q'ini			unknown			JPH
Chumash Ineseno	aqshan			inheritance			Klar 1977:81
Chumash Obispeno	qsa, ksa			inheritance			Klar 1977:81
Chumash Ventureno	aqsha			inheritance			Klar 1977:81
Chácobo	na-; rɨ-so-	na-; rɨ-so-		unknown			See Language page
Cocopa	mSpa, 7i:m (spl)			unknown
Cofán	panjen, paye	pajɛ				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	kooity (sg)			inheritance
Cubeo	cójipoyʉ, yaiyʉ́	kóxipojɨ, jaijɨ́		unknown; inheritance			See Language page
Cuiva		tɨ́pa	morir, die				Huber & Reed 1992:281
Cupeño	qaawi-0,	[qa:wi],		unique
Desano	sĩrĩri	sĩrĩri		unique			See Language page
Dhangu	rakuny			unknown
Dhuwal	1802
Dhuwala	dhiŋgam(a)			unknown
Diyari	pali-			inheritance
DiyariREU	palinta			inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu	dhiŋgam(a)
Djapu	dhiŋgam(a)			unknown
Djeoromitxi	hahi	hahi					See Language page
Djinang	ḏalpamdjidji			inheritance
Dâw	kasãm	kaʃãm		unique			See Language page
Epena		hai-ʔi'daa-da				Refers to humans, lit. 'sickness-many-that.was'. 'piu-da, refers to animals, lit. 'die-that.was'. Verbal forms are hai-ʔidaa-; piu-, human, animal.	See Language page
Ese Ejja		mano-ʔyo-		loan (into protolanguage?)	Tupi-Guarani		See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	mano-kwe; mano-yo- (Girard 1971)	mano-kwe; mano-yo-					See Language page
Esselen	chuneipa, chunai-			unknown			Shaul 1995:195, 211
Eñepa	y-usuka-n	j-usuka-n		unique			See Language page
Gabrielino	myo:kmok “he died”			inheritance
Gajirrabeng	dijbel			unique
Gooniyandi	nganyandi
Guayabero		tɨp		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Gupapuyngu	1801			unknown
Gurindji	tampang karri-			loan	Jaminjung
Hodï	kalu'ti			unique			See Language page
Huambisa	jatasa	xatasa					See Language page
Hup	naʔ-	~daʔ-		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		-'epena					See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	melay, shaawattp	[məˈlai], [şaˑˈwatp]		unknown
Ingá	wañui	wañui					See Language page
Iquito	ihuarɨɨni (also means to get sick); jiitaani	iwarɨɨni (also means to get sick); hiitaani		unique			See Language page
Itonama		u-baʔtʸa				Also naʔohna 'went up'; and makaʔohna 'went away'.	See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	ma-djimben	ma-jimben		inheritance
Jaru	nag			loan
Jawi	injibee	inyibi		inheritance
Kabiyari	mikuu	mikuu					See Language page
Kaingang	ter	tɛr; hun ke; tũŋ					See Language page
Kakataibo		βama-ti				kasunan-ti 'to leave something to die'. Panoan mawa-.	See Language page
Kakua		wɨn		inheritance			See Language page
Kalapalo	tsitsi-	tsitsi-		unique			See Language page
Kamayurá	mɑnõ	mɑnõ		inheritance			See Language page
Kanamarí	tsuku	tʃɯkɯ	morrer				Magalhães 2018:378
Karajarri	4071			unknown
Karajá		uru					See Language page
Kariña	rom(py)	rom(pɨ)	die				Yamada 2010:799
Karitiana	owi, pop	owi, pop		unknown			See Language page
Katukina		βopi-					See Language page
Kawaiisu	juwe7e-kwee- ju-(w)e7e “be-not”			unique
Kija	nhang			loan	Gooniyandi
Kiliwa	(s)-pi; (s)-pi-t-u			inheritance
Kitanemuk	muk			inheritance
Kokama	umanu	umanu		inheritance			See Language page
Koreguaje	cho'osomʉ	dʒoʔosomʉ		unknown			See Language page
Kotiria	yari	jari		inheritance	cognate Piratapuyo		See Language page
Kwazá	hedutu-, isi-, towari-	hedutu-, isi-, towari-					See Language page
Lake Miwok	jo/ok			loan
Lengua		#NAME?					See Language page
Lokono	odon	odon	die				Pet 1987:355
Luiseño	pi7muk-			inheritance
Maca		#NAME?				See 'ancestors' 02.560.	See Language page
Macaguan	tʉp, tʉpé-	tɨp, tɨpé-		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Maidu	wo/no			inheritance
Maihiki	juiyi (1st person singular)	xũı̃ji		inheritance			See Language page
Makiritare	#NAME?	#NAME?		unique			See Language page
Makuna	~ko-re, goda-re, ɨsi hedi-re	~ko-re, goda-re, ɨsi hedi-re		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	saʔmanta (IDS)	saʔmanta (IDS)		unique			See Language page
Malyangapa	Mal: pali-			inheritance
Mangala	nari			semantic shift
Mapoyo	tapiki	tapiki					See Language page
Mapudungun		l̯a				Ranquel form is la-.	See Language page
Matses	uënës	uɨnɨs		unknown			See Language page
Minica Witoto	tï.í-de	tɯ.í-dɛ					See Language page
Miriwung	joowari			inheritance
Mithaka	palindu			inheritance
Mocoví		lew-aʁaik				Adj. form.	See Language page
Mojave	ipuy=			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		sæ'ɲi; i'hak				The former also means 'corpse' 04.770. The latter, 'killed'; cf. 'murder' 21.420.	See Language page
Movima	kai-ni	kai-ni					See Language page
Mudburra	dikirrij
Mudburra	dikirrij			loan
Muinane	gíxé-βe-ʔi, čééme-ʔi	gíxέ-βɛ-ʔi, tʃέέmɛ-ʔi					See Language page
Muisca	bgysqua, ys bcasqua	βγɨskua, ɨs βkaskua					See Language page
Murui Witoto	ɸi.odai-te	ɸi.odai-tɛ		unique			See Language page
Mutsun	se:mo “dead one” ; semmon “die”			inheritance			O77:136. 199
Máku	kinə	kinə					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		a-ba:j ʃǝːk		unique			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	huañuna	waɲuna					See Language page
Ngamini	naRina			inheritance
Ngarluma	nyurndiwarni(-gu)
Ngumbarl	jillalee ngarring	<jillalee ngarring>		unknown
Nheengatu	manũ	manũ		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	nari			loan
Nimanburru	ma-djimben	ma-jimben		inheritance
Ninam	hušmi	huʃmi		unique			See Language page
Nisenan	wo:n, wo:no			inheritance
Nivaclé		-waf; -nɔx	die, dead; die, dead				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	beuí, haidái, baalẽ́ẽ, béu bodhóa	beuí, haidái, baːlẽ́ẽ, béu bodhóa					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	jimpiny
Northern Nyangumarta	pungkinyi- (V1)			semantic shift
Northern Paiute	jai,ja7i (sg),			inheritance			SAA 1982
Northern Sierra Miwok	camsy-			inheritance
Nukak		bɨɨdn2		inheritance			See Language page
Nyangumarta	4805			unknown
Nyikina	koord	kurd		loan into protolanguage	Pama-Nyungan
Nyulnyul	mad@iemban	majimban		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	ɗï.í-de	ɗɯ.í-dɛ					See Language page
Ocaina	urá nuu (U), ñomoonbi (D)	ɯrá nɯɯ {u}, ɳom̵õõbi {d}		unique			See Language page
Paakantyi	buga-la-			inheritance
Paraguayan Guaraní		mano					See Language page
Paresi	waini	waini		unique			See Language page
Pemon	e-tika (A1981); eri'nö (M2000)	etika (A1981)		inheritance			See Language page
Piapoco	étácawa	étákawa					See Language page
Piaroa	korupäi'ü	kʔɔɾupæiʔɨ		unknown			See Language page
Pilagá		yi-lew; lew-aʁaik				Lit. '3pa-die'.	See Language page
Pirriya	pukananha			unique
Pitta-Pitta	ityi			unique
Plains Miwok	ceme:n-y-			inheritance
Puinave	-ɨi	-ɨi		unique			See Language page
Pumé	jãbó						See Language page
Páez	o	o					See Language page
Qawasqar		yexanar				Also kʰanana 'dead one'. Gus, Sk, Bo, Cy record tˀef; Fe records alkelera for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record welarkarwona for south QWS.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	wañuy	waɲuj					See Language page
Rirratjingu	rakunydji
Ritharrngu	1802
Salinan A	a/xap (A),			unknown
Salinan M	ci/tip			unknown			Mason 1918:139
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		atkitsipki; ankitsipki					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		eŋhaapak; neŋetsepma; neŋmatnaam				Also nentekyawaam; neŋmaskeŋwayaamˀ; neŋyamasma (eŋmook); nentaʔhaekɬaʔ; alyetepma eŋneenyek; akwayaamˀ neeɬa knemˀ; akwayaamˀ neeɬa nenteyaaskamˀ; neŋelpeywaekɬaʔ.	See Language page
Sanumá	noma	noma		inheritance			See Language page
Sape	siya	siya					See Language page
Secoya	ju'iñe	huʔĩñɛ					See Language page
Selknam		w-ličè; čeṣke				Verbal forms.	See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	cooxi (especially of animal)			unknown
Serrano	mymy7k (sg)			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		mawa-ti; hirioma					See Language page
Sikuani		tɨ́:pa		inheritance			See Language page
Siona	huesëji, ju'inji	wesɨhi, wʔinhi		inheritance; inheritance			See Language page
Siriano	boá-ri, cõõmó-ri	boá-ri, kõõmó-ri					See Language page
Sirionó	mano; eraake; ečimama	mano; eraake; ečimama		inheritance			See Language page
Southern Paiute	ja7ai-S			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	wañuna	waɲuna					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	cam-h-			inheritance
Southern Ute	je7ei			inheritance
Suyá	tɨ	tɨ					See Language page
Sáliva	ãhẽhajaha, añagamajaha	ãʔẽʔahaʔa, añagamahaʔa		unknown			See Language page
Tacana		mano-					See Language page
Tanimuca	re'dya ri'ka (human); 'hĩ'rĩ ri'ka (animal)	re'ʎa ri'ka (human); 'hĩ'rĩ ri'ka (animal)		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	yãmi, ɲami	jãmi, ɲami		unique			See Language page
Tatuyo	ri'á-	ri'á-					See Language page
Taushiro	va´	waʔ					See Language page
Tehuelche		'ham-					See Language page
Tikuna	nayu (he dies) [2, 4]	naju, [-ɟu] (verbal root)		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	ëtïhka	ǝtɨhka		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		lew-aʁaik				Lit. 'die-adj.'	See Language page
Trinitario		-'epeno					See Language page
Trumai	fakdits-e	fakdits-e		unique			See Language page
Tukano	wẽrĩsé	wẽrĩsé		inheritance			See Language page
Tuyuka	di'a	diʔa					See Language page
Tübatulabal	muuk-ut (sg)			inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone	tijaih (sg);			inheritance
Urarina	u	u		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	t-wayh-so	t-wayh-so		unique			See Language page
Waikhana	jari'a	jari'a					See Language page
Waimaja	diádžáíkʰʷà	diádʒáíkʰʷà					See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	damem, rymy	damem, rɨmɨ					See Language page
Walmajarri	pirlajarri-			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	yiji-			unique
Waorani	wæ̃			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	mauwakʰa-n	mauwakʰa-n		unique			See Language page
Wappo	cho/7el-ya:mi7 “going to die”			unknown
Warao	wab	wab					See Language page
Wari	miʔ pin; konoʔ	miʔ pin; konoʔ					See Language page
Warrwa	gurd ngindany XXngl it died	kurd ngindany		loan into protolanguage	Pama-Nyungan
Washo	ju/li E- Pi			unknown			J520
Waurá	a-kama	a-kama		inheritance			See Language page
Wayampi	-manɔ̃; amɨ	-manɔ̃; amɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Wayana	lëmëp	lǝmǝp		inheritance?			See Language page
Wayuu		ou-ta-a					See Language page
Western Mono	edaa-			unknown
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		yiɬ; i'lek				Respectively: verbal; noun forms.	See Language page
Wintu	kira:			inheritance
Yabarana		əsema'se (he died)					See Language page
Yagua	di	ndi		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		nai					See Language page
Yan-nhangu	1801			inheritance
Yandruwandha	paldri			inheritance
Yanomam	noma	noma		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	noma-ɨ	noma-ɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	purra-purra-			inheritance
Yavapai	pi/			inheritance
Yavitero	wiyua	wijua					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	pandriri			semantic shift
Yawuru	darlb+; jiwarri+	darlb+; jiwarri+		inheritance
Yine		hi-pna; hipɨka				Respectively: 'die' and 'death'. Piro-Apuriná form is hɨ-pɨna.	See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	Tawatsi “he is dead”			inheritance			JPH Berman 2002
Yokuts Yawdanchi	tHawich			inheritance			K07:251
Yokuts Yowlumne	tHa:waTh			inheritance			G1964
Yuhup	bó	bó		loan	Tukanoan		See Language page
Yuki	k'o(:)l- “die, shrivel (K1911)”, also “kill” S&S			inheritance			S&S1984
Yukpa	ekatpo, nekká	tuweka					See Language page
Yukuna	taka'akaje	takaʔakahe		inheritance			See Language page
Yuma	apo:/yk “they die” H1:28, apu/y H4:29			inheritance
Yuruti	día, 'bóa	día, 'bóa					See Language page
Záparo	puk+nu	pukɨnu					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Arutani
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bare
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Jawi
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Kanamarí
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makiritare
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Sape
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Suyá
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Waimiri Atroari
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Warao
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Yuruti
Záparo

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