Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

Ngumbarl

Family
Nyulnyulan
Region
Australia
ISO 639-3
XXX
Location
-17.54°, 122.43°
Notes
Features
Basic Vocabulary
Flora Fauna Vocabulary
Cultural Vocabulary
Ethnographic Information
Data Sources
none


Basic Vocabulary (186)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
1pl.excl nosotros (exclusivo) nós (exclusivo) grammar missing
1pl.incl nosotros (inclusivo) nós (inclusivo) grammar yarreedee <yarreedee> inheritance
1sg yo eu grammar ngai, ngaia ngay(a) inheritance
2pl ustedes vocês grammar koorrgarda, yinnara <koorrgarda, yinnara> inheritance
2sg xx xx grammar joo, jooa juwa inheritance
3pl ellos/ellas eles/elas grammar tchammin, yeeramulla jamin, yirrmala inheritance
3sg el/ella ele/ela grammar ginying kinyingk inheritance
above encima, arriba acima location kalboo baaloo goon <kalboo baaloo goon> inheritance
again de nuevo, otra vez de novo grammar missing
alive meejala maaboo, noonja mijala mabu semantic shift
all todo todos other manja, yarreedee <manja, yarreedee> unknown
and y e grammar missing
ankle tobillo tornozelo body nemedee, nimardee nimirdi semantic shift
armpit axila, sobaco axila body nimbarrama nimbarrama inheritance
ashamed xx xx mental missing
ashes xx xx environment yoola, kajjoorda kajurda inheritance
at en, a em, a location -kun -kun inheritance
back espalda costas body nēlgun niyalgun inheritance
bad mal mal quality lalgar <lalgar> semantic shift
belly barriga barriga body noongoo noongoo inheritance
below abajo, debajo abaixo location jinbin <jinbin> inheritance
big grande grande quality weedoo <weedoo> doubtful loan
bite morder morder body moor, moonboongai <moor, moonboongai> unknown
black negro preto colour rerrga, koorrba <rerrga, koorrba> unknown
blood sangre sangue body koorurr kururr inheritance
blow soplar soprar body inheritance
blunt xx xx quality noombo, noomboo neelirr <noombo, noomboo neelirr> inheritance
bone hueso osso body kanjee kanyji inheritance
boomerang xx xx manufacture lanjee <lanjee> semantic shift
breast pecho, seno peito body ningamboo ningambu semantic shift
breathe respirar respirar body ngeerurr ŋirurr unknown
burn quemar queimar environment noorogoon wanma <noorogoon wanma> inheritance
chew masticar, mascar mastigar body kabboo <kabboo> semantic shift
child niño, niña criança human wooba wuba inheritance
climb subir subir motion laggal <laggal> inheritance
cloud nube nuvem environment ngoombal <ngoombal> unknown
cold frío frio quality binja, beenja <binja, beenja> inheritance
come venir vir motion Bowna, kallamboo inja <Bowna, kallamboo inja> inheritance
cook cocinar cozinhar impact wandumbulla wandumbala unknown
count contar contar mental missing
cry llorar chorar mental wangooroo waŋkurru inheritance
cut xx xx impact noondin wangara <noondin wangara> unique
die/be dead morir morrer state jillalee ngarring <jillalee ngarring> unknown
dig cavar cavar impact woditch <woditch> unknown
dingo/wolf fauna yeela meeda yila mida semantic shift
dirty sucio sujo quality boondoor <boondoor> semantic shift
dream soñar sonhar mental boogarree <boogarree> loan into protolanguage Pama-Nyungan
drink beber, tomar beber body woola gabboo, woola kabboo woola gabboo, woola kabboo semantic shift
dry seco seco quality weejool beerrmal <weejool beerrmal> inheritance
dust polvo poeira environment joolbarra <joolbarra> inheritance
ear oreja orelha body neelabub nilabab inheritance
earth/soil tierra terra environment booroo <booroo> inheritance
eat comer comer body cabboo, kabboo kabu inheritance
egg huevo ovo fauna laggooroo laggooroo inheritance
eye ojo olho body neemee, nyeemee nimi inheritance
faeces heces, mierda, excremento, estiércol fezes body missing
fall caer cair motion missing
far lejos longe quality marragup <marragup> inheritance
fat/grease grasa gordura body lēda liida inheritance
father padre, papá pai kinship eebala ibala inheritance
fear miedo medo mental wajja <wajja> inheritance
feather pluma pena fauna jallowa, jallow <jallowa, jallow> inheritance
fire fuego fogo environment bundaring <bundaring> unknown
fish xx xx fauna wallee warli inheritance
flow fluir fluir motion yoongurdeej <yoongurdeej> unique
flower flor flor environment nyeemarr <nyeemarr> unique
fly volar voar motion missing
fog niebla, neblina nevoeira, bruma, neblina environment weedoo lammamun <weedoo lammamun> unique
foot pie pé body nimbal nimbal inheritance
fruit fruta fruta flora mai <mai> inheritance
good bueno bom quality maaboo mabu inheritance
grow crecer crescer state yeega dowin, beendain <yeega dowin, beendain> unique
hair (of head) cabello cabelo body baaloo balu inheritance
hand mano mão body neemala nimala inheritance
head cabeza cabeça body nalma, nalm nalm inheritance
hear oír ouvir mental milla munk, meela gurra <milla munk, meela gurra> inheritance
heavy pesado pesado quality deeoo, inbunding <deeoo, inbunding> semantic shift
hide esconder esconder motion mimmagooloo <mimmagooloo> inheritance
hit golpear, pegar bater impact nalma indalm nowloo <nalma indalm nowloo> inheritance
hit (with hand) xx xx impact weeraboo, weerab, weerab wanji <weeraboo, weerab, weerab wanji> doubtful loan
hold correr, asegurar, sostener segurar other ngabbooganda <ngabbooganda> inheritance
how? como como grammar missing
if si se grammar missing
in/inside dentro, adentro dentro location missing
intestines intestinos intestinos body noongoo nungu semantic shift
itch hormiguear, sentir comezón coçar body tchabboo tchabboo jabu inheritance
kill matar matar impact jillellee inma, m?k <jillellee inma, m?k> inheritance
know/be knowledgeable saber, conecer saber, conhecer mental neela <neela> inheritance
lake lago lago environment kalung-unja, jarra wai, woola manja, jargora *diacritic <kalung-unja, jarra wai, woola manja, jargora *diacritic> unique
laugh reír rir mental jooa woora <jooa woora> unique
leaf hoja folha environment wirrgin, beeramal <wirrgin, beeramal> inheritance
left/left hand izquierdo esquerdo location/body neemala ngalgarraman nimala inheritance
leg/foot pierna perna body nimmardee nimardi inheritance
lie down acostarse, echarse deitar motion wallar <wallar> unique
lightning rayo, relámpago relampago environment wal-ng?ree <wal-ng?ree> unique
liver hígado figado body kabir kabir inheritance
long largo comprido, longo quality yeewarla <yeewarla> inheritance
louse piollo, piojo piolho fauna ballool balul inheritance
lung pulmón pulmão body barrja barrja semantic shift
man/male hombre homem human inheritance
meat/flesh carne carne fauna wallee <wallee> inheritance
moon luna lua environment meerijal, koonyool <meerijal, koonyool> inheritance
mother madre, mamá mãe kinship beebee bibi inheritance
mouth boca boca body neelerr neelerr inheritance
name nombre nome human nyillowel nyilawil inheritance
nape base del cuello, nuca nuca body nimmana nimana inheritance
near/close cerca de perto quality Lannee mai yareera marrin <Lannee mai yareera marrin> unique Yawuru?
neck cuello pescoço body nimmana nimana inheritance
new nuevo novo quality maaboo <maaboo> inheritance
night noche noite time ngoomberra, ngoora weedee, ngoombereeda <ngoomberra, ngoora weedee, ngoombereeda> inheritance
no/not no não grammar maaloo <maaloo> inheritance
nose nariz nariz body neemalul nimalal inheritance
old viejo velho quality tabboolyoo, tchabboolyoo <tabboolyoo, tchabboolyoo> inheritance
one uno um number warrinjarree <warrinjarree> inheritance
open/uncover abrir abrir other missing
other otro outro grammar warrin, warrain <warrin, warrain> inheritance
pain/painful/sick dolor, doloroso, enfermo dor, doloroso, doente body dardal dardal unique
person/human being persona pessoa human womba wamba inheritance
pimple xx xx body tchoolngoor yeega <tchoolngoor yeega> unique
rain lluvia chuva environment woolainbul <woolainbul> inheritance
red rojo vermelho colour doggul, dogul, doogul <doggul, dogul, doogul> unique
right/right hand derecha direita location/body neemala pandoorngun neemala pandoorngun inheritance
road/path camino caminho manufacture maggoor <maggoor> inheritance
roof xx xx manufacture [absent] missing
root raíz raiz flora nimmarunga <nimmarunga> inheritance
rotten podrido podre quality karrail <karrail> unique
sand arena areia environment burnda, joolburra <burnda, joolburra> inheritance
say decir dizer mental inheritance
scratch rascar rasgar impact tchabboo-tchabboo <tchabboo-tchabboo> unique
see ver ver mental minjalla, nganjalla, jalla <minjalla, nganjalla, jalla> inheritance
sharp afilado, filudo, filoso afiado quality neelirr <neelirr> semantic shift
shoot tirar, disparar, balear atirar impact missing
short corto curto quality rooburoo <rooburoo> inheritance
shoulder hombro ombro body koondeejan koondeejan inheritance
sit sentar(se) sentar state annee meejala animijala inheritance
skin piel pele body beererr, birrerr beererr, birrerr unique
sky cielo céu environment kalboo, koorrwal <kalboo, koorrwal> inheritance
sleep dormir dormir body koolin kulin inheritance
small pequeño pequeno quality oobarda, oobardoo <oobarda, oobardoo> inheritance
smell (tr/intr) xx xx body Yangee banjo <Yangee banjo> inheritance
smoke humo fumaça environment boorgoon, marrja, ngool ngool <boorgoon, marrja, ngool ngool> inheritance
spit escupir cuspir body missing
split partir, dividir rachar, dividir, partir impact kal warrara <kal warrara> unique
squeeze estrujar, exprimir espremer impact kool yo wangara <kool yo wangara> unique
stab/pierce apuñalar, acuchillar apunhalar impact yingarrin mungoorl goon, jarrbangoojarra <yingarrin mungoorl goon, jarrbangoojarra> inheritance
stand estar de pié ficar em pé state yalgoo, yaalgoo <yalgoo, yaalgoo> inheritance
star estrella estrela environment koonyool <koonyool> inheritance
steal robar roubar other wangalainbee, ingalaimbee <wangalainbee, ingalaimbee> inheritance
stone piedra pedra environment ngarril <ngarril> unique
suck chupar chupar body missing
sun sol sol time roomarra, walga rumarra inheritance
sweat sudar suor, suar body noondoor, noondur noondoor, noondur inheritance
swell hincharse inchar body missing
swim nadar nadar motion kallooree yananginna <kallooree yananginna> inheritance
tail cola, rabo rabo body missing
that ese/esa esse grammar nyamba, kamba, ginya <nyamba, kamba, ginya> inheritance
thick grueso, gordo, espeso grosso quality missing
thin delgado fino quality weera <weera> unique
think pensar pensar mental missing
this este/esta este grammar nyamba <nyamba> inheritance
three tres tres number koordidee <koordidee> unknown
throat garganta garganta body longura, langura longura, langura inheritance
throw tirar, lanzar atirar, jogar impact mungoorl goon mungurl inheritance
thunder truenos trovão environment naia <naia> unique
tie up/fasten atar, amarrar amarrar impact wonboora gundee <wonboora gundee> unique
tongue lengua lingua body nengul, neungala nengul, neungala inheritance
tooth diente dente body tcharringa, jarringa jarringka inheritance
true xx xx quality Maaloo nungarra <Maaloo nungarra> semantic shift
turn girar, volter, torcer virar other missing
two dos dois number koojarra <koojarra> inheritance
vomit vomitar vomitar body missing
walk caminar, andar andar motion yeenja yeenja inheritance
water agua agua environment woola, oola <woola, oola> inheritance
wet mojado molhado quality woolannee <woolannee> semantic shift
what? que, qué que grammar yangee <yangee> inheritance
when? cuando quando grammar banna <banna> inheritance
where? donde onde grammar janna, janna goon <janna, janna goon> inheritance
white blanco branco colour karrmul <karrmul> unique
who? quien, quién quem grammar yanga, yangee <yanga, yangee> inheritance
wife esposa esposa kinship jeemarree jimarri inheritance
wind viento vento environment wangal koolarra wangal inheritance
wing ala asa body jailow <jailow> unknown
woman/female mujer mulher human jandoo jarndu inheritance
work trabajar trabalhar other booragool <booragool> unknown
yawn bostezar bocejar body ngallerr yoongoolain ngallerr yoongoolain unique
yellow amarillo amarelo colour goomb?ree <goomb?ree> inheritance


Flora Fauna Vocabulary (139)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
agile wallaby, river wallaby flora-fauna Macropus agilis yalwa yalwa unique underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna Formicidae leerangunna ngunna leerangunna ngunna unique phrase 0 0 0 0 0 no
Australian pelican flora-fauna Pelecanus conspicillatus jallingmur, tchallingmer jallingmur, tchallingmer inheritance underived? 0 0 0 0 0 no
Australian snubfin dolphin flora-fauna Orcaella heinsohnii pajjalburra pajjalburra inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
baler shell flora-fauna Melo amphora missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
bandicoot flora-fauna Peramelemorphia karriŋbu unique 0 0 0 0 0
barn owl flora-fauna Tyto alba tcheerwel tcheerwel inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
barramundi flora-fauna Lates calcarifer missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
bat murciélago morcego flora-fauna Chiroptera spp minnaminna minyaminya loan Karajarri WW %minyaminya reduplicated 0 1 0 0 0 no
bindii, caltrop flora-fauna Tribulus terrestris missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna wallee warli semantic shift ‘meat’ underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-breasted buzzard flora-fauna Hamirostra melanosternon missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-faced cuckoo-shrike flora-fauna Coracina novaehollandiae missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-headed python flora-fauna Aspidites melanocephalus missing missing 0 2 0 0 0 no
black-soil yam flora-fauna Ipomoea diamantinensis missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
bloodwood flora-fauna Eucalyptus (Corymbia) bleeseri ngarree burn inheritance 0 1 1 0 0 no
blowfly maggots flora-fauna Diptera, Sarcophagidae <moogain> <moogain> semantic shift fly underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
blue-tongue lizard flora-fauna Tiliqua species missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
blue-winged kookaburra flora-fauna Dacelo leachii missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
bluebone flora-fauna Choerodon cyanodus missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
brolga flora-fauna Grus rubicunda koordoorwain koordoorwain inheritance underived 1 0 0 0 0 no
brown goshawk flora-fauna Accipiter fasciatus jee babboonan jee babboonan unique phrase 0 0 0 0 0 no
brush-tailed possum flora-fauna Trichosurus vulpecula langoor langoor inheritance underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
bush cockroach flora-fauna (many species) leeree unique 0 0 0 0 0 no
bush stone-curlew flora-fauna Burhinus grallarius windeegur windeegur loan into protolanguage WW %wintuku underived 1 0 0 0 0 no
bush tobacco flora-fauna Lobelia quadrangularis gilala gilala doubtful loan cf Gooniyandi underived 0 0 0 1 0 no
bush turkey, Australian bustard flora-fauna Ardeotis australis parrgurra parrgurra inheritance underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
bush yam flora-fauna Vigna lanceolata var. lanceolata missing missing 0 1 2 0 1 no
butterfly, moth mariposa borboleta flora-fauna Lepidoptera binda binda binda binda inheritance reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
carpet snake flora-fauna Morelia spilota mandikurr unique 0 1 0 0 0
caterpillar flora-fauna Lepidoptera yoojunÕnungain yoojunÕnungain unique compound? 0 0 0 0 0 no
catfish flora-fauna (many species) booganool booganool unique underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
centipede ciempiés centopéia flora-fauna Chilopoda, Myriapoda rabbir-abul rabbir-abul inheritance derived 0 0 0 0 0 no
channel-billed cuckoo flora-fauna Scythops novaehollandiae missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
crested pigeon flora-fauna Ocyphaps lophotes missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
darter/cormorant flora-fauna Anhinga melanogaster, Phalacrocorax species missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
death adder, five-minute snake flora-fauna Acanthophis praelongus missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 yes
dingo flora-fauna Canis familiaris dingo yeela meeda yeela meeda semantic shift dog underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna Canis familiaris yeela meeda yeela meeda inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
duck pato pato, marreco flora-fauna Anatidae tchibbilyooroo, jibbilyooroo tchibbilyooroo, jibbilyooroo semantic shift underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
dugong flora-fauna Dugon dugong koordoorngan koordoorngan unique derived 1 1 0 0 0 no
earthworm flora-fauna Annelida, Oligochaeta jeeraburra jeeraburra unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
emu flora-fauna Dromaius novaehollandiae winninee winninee inheritance WW %wini reduplicated 2 1 2 0 0 no
fish (generic) pez peixe flora-fauna lammidee lammidee unique underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
flower flora-fauna (NA) nyeemarr nyeemarr unique compound? 0 0 0 0 0 no
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna Diptera moogain moogain inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
flying-fox (generic) flora-fauna (many species) nimmanburroo balŋabi inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
freshwater crocodile flora-fauna Crocodylus johnstoni longoora longoora semantic shift Saltwater WW %linykurra underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
freshwater mussel flora-fauna Velesunio wilsoni bukarrakulan unique missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
freshwater prawn flora-fauna Macrobrachium rosenbergii missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
frill-necked lizard flora-fauna Chlamydosaurus kingii missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
frog (generic) flora-fauna (many species) waljaburring waljaburring unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
galah flora-fauna Eolophus roseicapilla wandalanjin unique 0 0 0 0 0
turtle (generic) flora-fauna (many species) koolibel koolibel inheritance underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
ghost gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus papuana (Corymbia bella) goonooroo, marrinyarree goonooroo, marrinyarree inheritance underived 2 0 1 0 0 no
goanna (generic) or sand goanna flora-fauna Varanus spp jallangurdee jallangurdee unique derived 0 1 2 0 0 no
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna (NA) marra marra loan with meaning change Worrorra WW %maarra underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
grasshopper flora-fauna Orthoptera jinÕbala <jinÕbala> inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
great bowerbird flora-fauna Chlamydera nuchalis koorowel semantic shift? 1 0 0 0 0 no
green ant flora-fauna Oecophylla smaragdina missing missing 0 2 2 0 0 no
green sea turtle flora-fauna Chelonia mydas missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
green tree snake flora-fauna Dendrelaphis punctulata missing missing 0 2 0 0 0 no
head/body lice flora-fauna Pediculus capitis, Pediculus humanus ballool unique 0 0 0 0 0 no
horse caballo cavalho flora-fauna Equus caballus missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
hummingbird colibrí, picaflor (Peru) beija-flor flora-fauna Trochilidae missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
hummingbird colibrí, picaflor (Peru) beija-flor flora-fauna Trochilidae missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
humpback whale flora-fauna Megaptera novaeangliae loolooloo semantic shift missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
insect (generic) insecto insecto flora-fauna generic missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
jabiru flora-fauna Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus missing 0 0 0 0 0
jungle-fowl (scrub-fowl) flora-fauna Megapodius freycinet missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
kangaroo (generic) flora-fauna Macropodidae parrjanning parrjanning inheritance underived 2 1 0 0 0 no
land snail flora-fauna Gastropoda missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
magpie goose flora-fauna Anseranas semipalmata missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
military dragon flora-fauna Ctenophorus isolepis, Diporiphora spp., Lophognathus spp. missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
mosquito mosquito, zancudo mosquito, carapana flora-fauna Anopheles spp, Isoptera jinjin-boo jinjin-boo unique reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
mud wasp, hornet flora-fauna (many species) missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
native bee flora-fauna (many species) ngooloo ngooloo unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
native cat flora-fauna Dasyurus jalboo jalboo unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
northern brown bandicoot flora-fauna Isoodon macrourus karringboo karringboo unique underived 0 1 0 0 0 no
northern kurrajong flora-fauna Brachychiton diversifolius missing missing 0 1 no? 0 0 no
nut tree flora-fauna Terminalia grandifolia missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
octopus flora-fauna Octopus australis missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
pandanus palm flora-fauna Pandanus spiralis missing missing 1 1 0 0 1 no
paperbark flora-fauna Melaleuca sericea, Melaleuca stenostachya walla munga, kanbur walla munga, kanbur inheritance underived 0 0 1 0 0 no
peaceful dove flora-fauna Geopelia placida jooga jooga jooga jooga inheritance reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
pearlshell flora-fauna Pinctada spp go-arn go-arn inheritance underived 1 1 0 0 1 no
peewee flora-fauna Gryllina cyanoleuca missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
pied butcherbird flora-fauna Cracticus nigrogularis koorowel koorowel inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
pike eel flora-fauna Muraenesox arabicus missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
praying mantis, stick insects mantis religiosa louva-a-deus flora-fauna Mantodea missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
prickle bush flora-fauna Sclerolaena bicornis missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
quail (generic) flora-fauna Coturnix species, Turnix species missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
red river gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus camaldulensis kartgoo kartgoo inheritance underived 2 0 1 0 1 no
red-tailed black-cockatoo flora-fauna Calyptorhynchus banksi tharree-ul, darreeal tharree-ul, darreeal inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
riflefish, archerfish flora-fauna Toxotes chatareus missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
river mangrove flora-fauna Aegicera corniculatum boorrgoo boorrgoo unique underived 0 0 2 0 1 no
rock fig flora-fauna Ficus brachypoda missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
sacred kingfisher flora-fauna Todiramphus sancta lanjangin lanjangin unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
saltwater crocodile flora-fauna Crocodylus porosus missing missing 2 2 0 0 0 yes
saltwater mussel flora-fauna Mytilidae boogarragoolan boogarragoolan unique compound? 0 1 0 0 0 no
sawfish flora-fauna Pristis pectinata missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 yes
scorpion escorpión; alacran escorpião flora-fauna Arachnida, Scorpiones missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
shark (generic) flora-fauna Selachimorpha tcharrambul tcharrambul inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 variable
shell (generic) flora-fauna goarn, reejee, banmungo, derdel gabbooga goarn, reejee, banmungo, derdel gabbooga inheritance underived 0 1 0 0 1 no
short-beaked echidna flora-fauna Tachyglossus aculeatus kammerangoo kammerangoo inheritance WW %kamaranginy underived 0 2 0 0 0 no
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna tchooroo tchooroo inheritance underived 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
snappy gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus brevifolia missing missing 0 0 1 0 0 no
spider araña aranha flora-fauna Arachnida, Araneae wongarra wongarra inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
spinifex flora-fauna Triodia species missing <> missing missing 0 0 2 0 0 no
spoonbills (yellow-billed spoonbill, black-billed spoonbill) flora-fauna Platalea flavipes, Platalea regia missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
stingray (generic) rayas látigo, raya arraia flora-fauna Dasyatidae yamburna yamburna inheritance perhaps with meaning change WW ??tyarrampu underived 0 1 0 0 0 variable
stripe-faced dunnart flora-fauna Sminthopsis macroura mijuwa inheritance missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
sugarbag wax flora-fauna missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
sulphur-crested cockatoo flora-fauna Cacatua galerita kallera kallera unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
swamp eel flora-fauna Ophisternon gutturale missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
swamp leech flora-fauna Annelida, Hirudinea missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
tawny frogmouth flora-fauna Podargus strigoides boorool boorool inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
termite mounds, ant hills flora-fauna Isoptera nyeerwa nyeerwa unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
termites, white-ants comején (Peru), termitas cupim flora-fauna (many species) nyeelgooroo nyeelgooroo unique underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
ti-tree flora-fauna Melaleuca bracteata nimmalgan, ganbur nimmalgan, ganbur unique underived 0 0 1 0 0 no
tick garrapata carrapato flora-fauna Arachnida, Acarina missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
tiger shark flora-fauna Galeocerdo cuvier missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 yes
torresian crow flora-fauna Corvus orru wangadee wangadee inheritance WW %wangkurri underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
tree árbol arvore flora-fauna (NA) baaloo baaloo inheritance underived 0 0 0 0 0 no
waterlily flora-fauna Nymphaea macrosperma missing missing 0 1 2 0 0 no
wattle flora-fauna Acacia difficilis missing missing 0 0 1 0 1 no
wedge-tailed eagle flora-fauna Aquila audax moongoonoo moongoonoo unique underived 1 0 0 0 0 no
willie wagtail flora-fauna Rhipidura leucophrys missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 no
witchetty grub flora-fauna (many species) tchoogurdoo unique missing 0 1 2 0 0 no
woma flora-fauna Aspidites ramsayii missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
tree árbol arvore flora-fauna baaloo baalu inheritance
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna booya <booya> inheritance
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna wallee warli semantic shift
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna moogain <moogain> inheritance
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna yeela yeela meeda inheritance
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna marra <marra> semantic shift
kangaroo (generic) flora-fauna parrjanning barrjaniŋ inheritance
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna tchooroo jurru inheritance
spider araña aranha flora-fauna wongarra <wongarra> inheritance


Cultural Vocabulary (111)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
afterworld, land of dead, Heaven tierra do los muertos terra dos mortos culture-mythology missing
armband dress kundil loan Yawuru or Karajarri
awl subsistence tool missing
axe/stone axe hacha (de piedra) machado (de pedra) subsistence tool kumbara loan direction unknown used yuwana; said also to mean ‘crab’ by N&W
bag (string) culture-material <ba:loo> inheritance
bait for fishing cebo, carnada para pescar, empate (Peru) isca subsistence tool missing
basket (general) canasta, canasto, cesta cesto culture-material missing
body feather decorations culture-mythology missing
boomerang/throwing stick (generic) subsistence tool <lanjee> semantic shift
boomerang (number 7) subsistence tool missing
boomerang (small) subsistence tool missing
bowl (coolamon) culture-material missing
broom escoba vassoura culture-material missing
canoe canoa canoa transport <kalwa> semantic shift
cicatrice culture-mythology moogurdal inheritance
clapsticks culture-mythology missing
club (nulla-nulla) subsistence tool <nowloo> inheritance
cook food food wandumbala unique
cook in earth oven food missing
damper food missing
dance (generic) culture-mythology <nooloo, boorup> inheritance
digging stick subsistence tool milgin inheritance
dipper (small coolamon) subsistence tool missing
dream sueño, soñar sonho, sonhar culture-mythology <boogarree> inheritance
dreaming culture-mythology missing
drone pipe culture-mythology missing
fire drill subsistence tool <woobaba:loo> missing
fire-saw other wupalu unique
fireplace hogar lareira other missing
firewood leña lenha other missing
fish poison barbasco, matapez (Colombia) timbó subsistence tool missing
fish (with fish-poison) pescar con barbasco, barbasquear pescar com timbó; tinguijar food missing
fish (with line) anzuelear, pescar con linea pescar (com linha) food missing
fish (with spear) food missing
fishing line cordel/cuerda p/ pescar, sedal, tanze linha de pesca subsistence tool missing
fishtrap (permanent) subsistence tool yuliyulu unique
fishtrap (woven) subsistence tool not found in area missing
flour (European) food kuwatya unique
flour (bush) food missing
game animal caza, animal de caza caça, animal de caça food warli inheritance
ghost (of dead person)/evil spirit espíritu malo, espíritu maligno, fantasma, demonio espirito culture-mythology <ngarree> inheritance
glue subsistence tool missing
grave tumba, sepultura, sepulcro sepultura, sepulcro, cova culture-mythology jimbin semantic shift
grog food missing
hair belt dress missing
headband dress missing
healer curandero benzador, curandeiro, kumu (Tukano) culture-mythology missing
honey miel mel food <geerbaljoo, moonga> inheritance
house (European) other <nyeerwa, nyeerrwa> semantic shift
hunt cazar caçar food pira unique
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology missing
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology mupalin unique
knife cuchillo faca culture-material <tchindibal> unique
loincloth taparrabos, guayuco, pampanilla tanga, tapa-sexo dress missing
love song culture-mythology missing
mangrove raft transport missing
message stick culture-mythology missing
mortar mortero pilão subsistence tool missing
nosepeg other missing
paddle/oar remo remo transport tyaluŋ unique
ochre culture-mythology missing
paint body, body paint pintura corporal pintura corporal culture-mythology missing
pestle pilón, mano de mortero, mazo, moledor mão de pilão subsistence tool missing
pipe for tobacco pipa cachimbo other missing
public song cycle culture-mythology missing
red paint culture-mythology <doggul, dogul, doogul> unknown
resin resina, brea, copal resina, brea, breu subsistence tool missing
salt sal sal food missing
shelter (native) other nyirrwa inheritance
song (generic) canción, canto canção culture-mythology <nooloo> inheritance
song (for entertainment) culture-mythology missing
spear lanza lança subsistence tool mungurl unique
spear (fighting) subsistence tool missing
spear (fishing) subsistence tool missing
spearthrower subsistence tool missing
speartip subsistence tool missing
string (from hair) culture-material <wondongoo, ba:loo> semantic shift
string (from vine) culture-material missing
sugar acculturation missing
tea food missing
tobacco (European) narcotics <gilala> loan Marrngu
tobacco (native) narcotics missing
spirit child culture-mythology missing
wax cera cera other missing
white paint culture-mythology missing
windbreak other missing
yandy (n) culture-material missing
school escuela escola acculturation missing
net subsistence tool missing
bottle botella garrafa acculturation missing
paper papel papel acculturation missing
corpse food juwarri inheritance
chicken gallina galinha acculturation missing
tree coffin culture-mythology missing
clothing ropa roupa culture-mythology missing
skirt falda, saya, fustan, pollera saia culture-material missing
shoes zapatos sapatos dress missing
medicine narcotics missing
earth oven food missing
policeman polícia policía acculturation missing
cat gato gato acculturation missing
gun arma, escopeta espingarda, fusil acculturation missing
hat sombero chapéu dress missing
rope/string mecate, cuerda, soga corda culture moongoo <moongoo> unknown
bottom grinding stone manufacture [absent] missing
digging stick subsistence tool milgin <milgin> inheritance
winnow aventar, tirar (sementes) joeirar manufacture missing
top grinding stone metate, mano; piedra de moler metate, mano manufacture missing
spearthrower subsistence tool yoongara yungara loan into protolanguage
spear lanza lança subsistence tool mungoorl mungurl inheritance
house other nyeerwa, nyeerrwa <nyeerwa, nyeerrwa> unknown


Ethnographic Information
Current Population (speakers) Former Population Estimate Subsistence Preference Density Sedentism Ecotome Marriage Pattern Notes Source
small HG dense sedentary yes