above
- Semantic Field
- location
- Part of Speech
- Meaning Spanish
- encima, arriba
- Meaning Portuguese
- acima
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Sorry, we have no imagery here.
Languages
| Language | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Source |
|---|
Language | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | General Notes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achagua | áakai | áakai | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Aché | yabu | unknown | See Language page | |||||||||
| Aguaruna | awántak, tuntupén | awantak, tuntupɨn | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Akawaio | iideeboi, diieeboi | i'debɔɪ, 'diebɔɪ | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Andoke | -dai, '-sí | -dai, '-sí | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Apalai | epoe | epoe | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Arabana | arata | doubtful loan | ||||||||||
| Araona | bakʷeo; mawa | Also bi-, bia-, bi(y)o, -toho. See 'top' 12.330. *Tacn form is *biaka-. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Ashuar | yakí | jakĩ | See Language page | |||||||||
| Ayoreo | gaa'tee; gaay | See 01.510, 12.470. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Bankalachi Toloim | pahng-ah “up” 217 | inheritance | Source: http://www.archive.org/stream/bancroft_chartmerriam_1556_49#page/n167/mode/2up, p. 167 ff, from Mrs. Louisa Francesco, June 9 and 10, 1932 of Upper Deer Creek, and Dan Williams of Poso Flat (Tule River Reservation) (Sep. 28 and 29, 1935, Oct. 13, | |||||||||
| Barasano | See Language page | |||||||||||
| Bardi | galbu | kalbu | inheritance | |||||||||
| Barí | baaduu | Colombia: ʔorokdakaynə. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Baure | a'ni-ye | a'ni-je | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Big Smokey Valley Shoshone | pan, panai”, pa7ai | inheritance | Crapo 1976 | |||||||||
| Bora | caáme (T98) | kʰaáme | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Bunuba | rawurra | |||||||||||
| Burarra | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
| Cahuilla | 7awsun | unknown | S&H 1979 | |||||||||
| Camsa | tsxuan-óka, tsbanán-oka | tsxuan-óka, tsbanán-oka | See Language page | |||||||||
| Candoshi-Shapra | iváaziriita | iwáasiɾiita | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Canela | prɔ | *Jê form is *mrɔ; *mrɔc̷; *prə. Related meaning is 'charcoal' 01.890. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Carapana | bia(pᵾ) | bia(pɨ) | See Language page | |||||||||
| Cavineña | e-baro-kʷe | e-baro-kʷe | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Cayuvava | #NAME? | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Central Aymara | patana | amta; araχa; alaya | See Language page | |||||||||
| Central Sierra Miwok | li/l:e-m:y7 | inheritance | Freeland & Broadbent 1960 | |||||||||
| Cha'palaa | 'kaiʔ-ša; 'kaiʔ-'tala | Also 'han-'dala 'on top of' 12.330. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Chemehuevi | -va7a-na "on top of" (loc) | inheritance | Press 1979 unless otherwise noted | |||||||||
| Chipaya | c̷eeku; xuntuɲ | To put up or on top of is tewš. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Chiriguano | ɨwate; 'aramo | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| Chorote, Iyojwa'ja | fʷom | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Chumash Barbareno | 7alapaj | inheritance | Wash 2001:82, 188 | |||||||||
| Chumash Ineseno | 7al-apaj “up, above, (in) the sky” | inheritance | A17 | |||||||||
| Chumash Obispeno | ti-L-hisa | unknown | ||||||||||
| Chumash Ventureno | 7alalpay “arriba” | unknown | JPH | |||||||||
| Chácobo | mana; kača (mana also means "high") | mana; kača (mana also means "high") | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Cocopa | ma:, ma:k, ma:Ly, ma:m, ma:y | inheritance | Crawford 1989 | |||||||||
| Comanche | -pa7a "over, above, on" | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Cubeo | pʉenoi; ʉ̃mʉi | pɨenoi; ɨ̃mɨi | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Cupeño | -ve'aw | [vəɁaw] | inheritance | H&N* | ||||||||
| Desano | weca | weka | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Dhangu | garrwar | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Dhuwal | garrwar | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Dhuwala | garrwar | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Diyari | miri | inheritance? | ||||||||||
| DiyariREU | mirimiri | inheritance? | ||||||||||
| Djambarrpuyngu | 2195 | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Djapu | garrwar | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Djeoromitxi | benĩ | benĩ | See Language page | |||||||||
| Djinang | ṉami | unique | ||||||||||
| Dâw | pox | pɔx | inheritance | high' in Hup | See Language page | |||||||
| Epena | 'ɨ̃rɨ | To 'go up' is ɨ'tʰaa. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Ese Ejja | ɓiakʷa; eyaho | inheritance | See Language page | |||||||||
| Ese Ejja/Huarayo | bia-kwa; eya-wasi-xe; biaxe (Girard 1971); e-hama-koʔoho (Girard 1971) | bia-kwa; eya-wasi-xe; biaxe; e-hama-koʔoho | See Language page | |||||||||
| Esselen | ausai “over” | unknown | Shaul 1995, T&S 1981:121 | |||||||||
| Eñepa | yapaya; yapayaʔkə (IDS) | japaja; japajaʔkə (IDS) | inheritance | shared Yukpa | See Language page | |||||||
| Gabrielino | hetko, hetek “arriba” | unique | Harrington Notes from KCH | |||||||||
| Gajirrabeng | gendeng | loan | Ngarinyin | |||||||||
| Gooniyandi | laandi | |||||||||||
| Gupapuyngu | garrwar | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Gurindji | kankula | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Hodï | bɨ̃ke; -bĩlẽ | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| Huambisa | paatatek | pa:tatɨk | See Language page | |||||||||
| Hup | buycóʔ | buj-cóʔ | loan | from Tukanoan | See Language page | |||||||
| Ignaciano | anukeʔe | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Iipay 'Aa | 'emaay | [Ɂəˈ maˑi] | inheritance | C&H, and see notes | ||||||||
| Ingá | awama | awama | See Language page | |||||||||
| Iquito | isácuma, iícumaji | isákuma, iíkumahi | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Itonama | nadɨlɨ(ʔte); načaʔu(ʔte) | Respectively: belongs to class 2; class 3. Also class 10: manobo. Also uhnano. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Jabirr-Jabirr | galb | kalb | inheritance | |||||||||
| Jaru | gan.gula | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Jawi | kandee | kandi | inheritance | |||||||||
| Kaingang | kri | kri; kɨɲmə̃ | See Language page | |||||||||
| Kakataibo | ma'nã | ka'kɨ-ti 'to be above, over'. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Kakua | ʧāʔ [be.above] | doubtful loan | Yucuna tʃa, Yagua ntʃa | See Language page | ||||||||
| Kalapalo | ugupo | ugupo | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Kamayurá | wɨrip | wɨrip | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Karajarri | kantingka | unknown | ||||||||||
| Kariña | epo | epo | above, near (without touching) | Courtz 2007:264 | ||||||||
| Katukina | mana-ʔori; maṣ̌i | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Kawaiisu | tugu-baaya- | inheritance | ZBM1991 | |||||||||
| Kija | laarn | loan | ||||||||||
| Kiliwa | nat | unknown | Mixco 1996 | |||||||||
| Kitanemuk | tukuhpavea | inheritance | Anderton 1988 | |||||||||
| Kokama | arɨwa | arɨwa | loan | Spanish | See Language page | |||||||
| Koreguaje | sẽ'sevʉ | sẽʔsebʉ | inheritance? | See Language page | ||||||||
| Kotiria | be on top of: pisa | pisa | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Kwazá | ũcwa- | ũcwa- | See Language page | |||||||||
| Lake Miwok | liile “high, on top” | inheritance | C1965 (unless noted otherwise) | |||||||||
| Lengua | netin | Also means 'sky' 01.510. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Lokono | adi | adi | greater than, above | Pet 1987:82 | ||||||||
| Luiseño | 7e/echi | inheritance | Elliott | |||||||||
| Maca | -toχ-pham | Intrans., cf. 'high' 12.310; 'top' 12.330. Also -xi-pham 'to be above something'. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Maidu | 7epi/n | inheritance | Shipley 1963 | |||||||||
| Maihiki | ɨmɨjai ja | ɨmɨxai xa | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Makiritare | kawə̄ (IDS) | kawə̄ (IDS) | inheritance | shared Wayana | See Language page | |||||||
| Makuna | jesa-re 'to be above sth' | xesa-ɾe | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Makushi | yepoi; pairɨ (IDS) | yepoi; pairɨ (IDS) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Malyangapa | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
| Mangala | kankarni | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Mapudungun | wente | Same form in Ranquel. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Matses | abuc | abuk | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Miriwung | gandu- | loan | Ngarinyin | |||||||||
| Mithaka | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
| Mocoví | wee-ta-šigim | Lit. '(zero)3p actor-free position-continuative-up'. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Mojave | 7amay | inheritance | Munro et al. 1992 | |||||||||
| Mosetén-Chimané | čeʔe'we | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Movima | ariwa | ariwa | See Language page | |||||||||
| Mudburra | dimbu | |||||||||||
| Mudburra | kankulu | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Muinane | cáamo (W97) | káamo | See Language page | |||||||||
| Murui Witoto | a | a (B83) | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Mutsun | taprey 306; | unknown | Okrand 1977:306 | |||||||||
| Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect | poŋ jé | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Nadëb/Roçado dialect | poŋ | inheritance | high' in Hup | See Language page | ||||||||
| Napo Lowland Quichua | ahua | awa | See Language page | |||||||||
| Ngamini | kurumu | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Ngandi | garrkala- | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Ngarluma | gankara-nguru | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Ngumbarl | kalboo baaloo goon | <kalboo baaloo goon> | inheritance | |||||||||
| Nheengatu | iwaté | iwaté | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Nhirrpi | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
| Nimanburru | galb | kalb | inheritance | |||||||||
| Ninam | heska (EM72) | heska | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Nisenan | hipin “up” | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Nivaclé | čišam; -apeʔ | up, above; up, above | https://ids.clld.org/ | |||||||||
| Northern Emberá | nrɨ̃́ | nrɨ̃́ | See Language page | |||||||||
| Northern Mangarla | kankarningu | |||||||||||
| Northern Nyangumarta | kanka | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Northern Paiute | pa7a- “high, above” | inheritance | Thornes 03:241 | |||||||||
| Northern Sierra Miwok | li”le-, lil:e- | inheritance | Callaghan 1987 | |||||||||
| Nyangumarta | kankarni | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Nyikina | kalbu | kalbu | inheritance | |||||||||
| Nyulnyul | galb | kalb | inheritance | |||||||||
| Ocaina | am̈ijón, aam̈i; bum̈oon, bum̈oónh | am:ijó, aam:i; bɯm:õõ, bɯm:õṍʔ | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Paakantyi | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
| Paraguayan Guaraní | ɨvate; 'ari | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Paresi | heno | heno | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Pemon | katua (A1981); iiteepoi (E1977) | katua (A1981); itɛpɔi (E1977) | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Piapoco | chènuníise | tʃènuníise | See Language page | |||||||||
| Piaroa | wE'mena' (K76) | wæʔmenaʔ | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Pilagá | ∅-'we-ta-segem; ∅-we-ta-'lege | Lit. '3pa(zero)-free position-cont.-up'; '3pa(zero)-free position-cont.-upon'. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Pirriya | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
| Pitta-Pitta | yakirli ngalpa | unique | ||||||||||
| Plains Miwok | newit:o- | unknown | Callaghan 1984 | |||||||||
| Puinave | sənə- | sənə- | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Pumé | uɛ | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Páez | cácuete | kakuete | See Language page | |||||||||
| Qawasqar | arka | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Quechua Ayacuchano | hanan (CP94) | hanan | See Language page | |||||||||
| Resígaro | hiípó | hiípó | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Rirratjingu | garramat | |||||||||||
| Ritharrngu | garrwar | loan | ||||||||||
| Salinan A | le:mo/7 (A), | unknown | Mason 1918; see Turner 1980 for “reconstituted” forms | |||||||||
| Salinan M | leM | unknown | Mason 1918:153 | |||||||||
| Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité | nitin; nitiŋ | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet | neeten | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Sanumá | hɨsɨka (EM72) | hɨsɨka | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Secoya | mëiñe | mɨ̃ĩ̃ñɛ̃ | See Language page | |||||||||
| Selknam | ax; at; ʔè | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Seri (Comcaac) | cola | See note below | unknown | DS2005 | ||||||||
| Serrano | -kupia:-7, | inheritance | KCH2001 | |||||||||
| Shipibo-Konibo | βočiki; manaõ; ma-; -õ; -ki | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Sikuani | atjübüyo (3) | atjɨ́bɨyo | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Siona | ëmëje'en | ɨmɨheʔen | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Siriano | See Language page | |||||||||||
| Sirionó | ibate | ibate | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Southern Paiute | pa7a-N “high, way up in air” (?) | Note: The transcription is modified Sapir so “c” is “sh”, not ts. N means “nasalizing transition” | inheritance | Sapir 1931 | ||||||||
| Southern Pastaza Quechua | awa | awa | See Language page | |||||||||
| Southern Sierra Miwok | li:leH-to- (nt) | inheritance | Broadbent 1964 | |||||||||
| Southern Ute | -gaava, -gwaava, -gyaava, -va7aag'A | Caps are voiceless vowels | inheritance | Charney 1996 (all items from this source unless otherwise noted; see note below) | ||||||||
| Sáliva | otoona | otoːna | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Tacana | e-ba-ke-so | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Tanimuca | pẽ'bã rõ'õ 'pi | pẽ'bã rõ'õ 'pi | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Tatuyo | See Language page | |||||||||||
| Taushiro | {-cane} | kanɨ | See Language page | |||||||||
| Tehuelche | 'anwe-n; 'eʔwk | Respectively: up; in the heights. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Tikuna | dauxü [3, 5] | dauʔɨ | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Tiriyó | epoe | epoe | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Toba | we-ta-šigem; paʔa-šigem | The latter is 'located-up'. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Trinitario | ʔnuɣʔe; 'inaʔu; -muiɣʔe | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Tukano | buʔî | buʔ î | unique | loan w/ Hup - Tukano source? | See Language page | |||||||
| Tübatulabal | paanga | inheritance | Hill 2009 | |||||||||
| Tümpisa Shoshone | pa7an | inheritance | Dayley 1989 | |||||||||
| Urarina | ʨoae | tʃoae | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Wai Wai | eΦoyi; kahsɨ en-ko | eΦoyi; kahsɨ en-ko | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Waikhana | See Language page | |||||||||||
| Waimiri Atroari | tyhnaka | tɨnaka | See Language page | |||||||||
| Walmajarri | kankarra | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Wangkayutyuru | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
| Waorani | æ̃-i-bæ | unique | See Language page | |||||||||
| Wapishana | dukʰu ii | dukʰu ii | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Wappo | te/ymu “above, on top” | loan | Sawyer 1965 except where noted | |||||||||
| Wari | quimaxi' (lit. chest; E&K97) | kimaʃiʔ (lit. chest; E&K97) | See Language page | |||||||||
| Warrwa | y | kaalbu | inheritance | |||||||||
| Washo | i/wi7 | unknown | Jacobsen 1964 | |||||||||
| Waurá | enu; -penu | enu; -penu | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Wayampi | alu | alu | unknown | See Language page | ||||||||
| Wayana | kawë | kawǝ | inheritance | shared Makiritare | See Language page | |||||||
| Wayuu | hau; ipɨna | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Western Mono | tu/gupa, tugupataa/ | inheritance | Bethel et al 1993 | |||||||||
| Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay | ik-'phoʔ | Also iʔ'peʔ, 'above something'. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Wintu | panti, | inheritance | P1985 | |||||||||
| Wubuy | arrwar | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Yabarana | tɜppo | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Yagua | ncha ("encima de"); vata- (adv) | ntʃa; vata- | doubtful loan | Yucuna tʃa, Kakua tʃãʔ | See Language page | |||||||
| Yaminahua | βo-mã-kia; a mãnã-ori | Respectively: 'up; above'. | See Language page | |||||||||
| Yan-nhangu | [missing] | missing | ||||||||||
| Yandruwandha | "thalka, kanrra (top)" | unique | ||||||||||
| Yanomam | fesika | fesika | inheritance | See Language page | ||||||||
| Yanomami | ɨsɨ ha(mɨ) | ɨsɨ ha(mɨ) | unique | See Language page | ||||||||
| Yarluyandi | kuru-mu | inheritance | ||||||||||
| Yavapai | cha/:(v)-k | unknown | Shaterian 1983 (unless otherwise noted) | |||||||||
| Yavitero | a'niye; hutaye | aʔnije; hutaje | See Language page | |||||||||
| Yawarrawarrka | datja | unique | ||||||||||
| Yawuru | kalbu | kalbu | inheritance | |||||||||
| Yokuts Palewyami | tullaw “up” | unique | Gamble 1991 | |||||||||
| Yokuts Yawdanchi | ThipHin “top, up, on, sky” 237 | H is aspiration | inheritance | K07:237, G64 | ||||||||
| Yokuts Yowlumne | Tipin | inheritance | K 1963(p. 213) | |||||||||
| Yuki | mi:T | inheritance | S&S 1984 | |||||||||
| Yukpa | otanasa´yapo, e´payo, epayi, yona, yopaí, yopaye, kitkayuna | See Language page | ||||||||||
| Yukuna | cha, richaya | tʃa, ritʃaja | unknown | doubtful loan, direction unknown; Kakua ʧāʔ, Yagua ntʃa | See Language page | |||||||
| Yuma | 7ama/yvi H2:148; 7ama/y H3:211 | 7 is glottal stop, / is acute accent on preceding vowel | inheritance | Halpern 1-6 in IJAL 1947, 48 | ||||||||
| Yuruti | See Language page | |||||||||||
| Záparo | wakamiryaha | wakamiɾjaha | See Language page |
| Language |
|---|
Showing 1 to 227 of 227 entries