Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

Dhuwal

Family
Pama-Nyungan
Region
Australia
ISO 639-3
duj
Location
-12.62°, 135.53°
Notes
Features
Basic Vocabulary
Flora Fauna Vocabulary
Cultural Vocabulary
Ethnographic Information
Data Sources
none


Basic Vocabulary (186)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes General Notes Source
1pl.excl nosotros (exclusivo) nós (exclusivo) grammar ŋanapurr(u) inheritance
1pl.incl nosotros (inclusivo) nós (inclusivo) grammar ŋilimurr(u) semantic shift
1sg yo eu grammar ŋarra inheritance
2pl ustedes vocês grammar nhuma semantic shift
2sg xx xx grammar nhe inheritance
3pl ellos/ellas eles/elas grammar walal(a) inheritance
3sg el/ella ele/ela grammar ŋayi inheritance
above encima, arriba acima location garrwar inheritance
again de nuevo, otra vez de novo grammar 2255 inheritance
all todo todos other warrpam'
and y e grammar 2092 inheritance
ankle tobillo tornozelo body ḏulkun
armpit axila, sobaco axila body wakuy
ashamed xx xx mental gora
ashes xx xx environment ḻirrgi(')
at en, a em, a location [missing] missing
back espalda costas body muta
bad mal mal quality yätj
be alive xx xx body walŋa
belly barriga barriga body wuwa'
below abajo, debajo abaixo location [missing] missing
big grande grande quality ḏumurr(u)
bite morder morder body 824 inheritance
black negro preto colour biḻak
blood sangre sangue body gulaŋ
blow soplar soprar body bopun
blunt xx xx quality dhumuk
bone hueso osso body 4964
boomerang xx xx manufacture gaḻiwaḻi(') inheritance
breast pecho, seno peito body ŋamini
breathe respirar respirar body [missing] missing
burn quemar queimar environment nhära inheritance
chew masticar, mascar mastigar body [missing] missing
child niño, niña criança human waku
climb subir subir motion [missing] missing
cloud nube nuvem environment maŋan
cold frío frio quality 1969
come venir vir motion buna
cook cocinar cozinhar impact 2054
count contar contar mental bothurru loan
cry llorar chorar mental 925 inheritance
cut xx xx impact mit
die/be dead morir morrer state 1802
dig cavar cavar impact ŋangi'yun
dingo/wolf fauna wärraŋ
dirty sucio sujo quality [missing] missing
dream soñar sonhar mental bukaway
drink beber, tomar beber body 1875 missing
dry seco seco quality baṉḏany(') inheritance
dust polvo poeira environment ganu
ear oreja orelha body buthuru loan
earth/soil tierra terra environment munatha(')
eat comer comer body rluka_x001E_
egg huevo ovo fauna mapu(') inheritance
eye ojo olho body mi:l
faeces heces, mierda, excremento, estiércol fezes body dhurri(')
fall caer cair motion galkirri_x001E_
far lejos longe quality barrku
fat/grease grasa gordura body djukurr(')
father padre, papá pai kinship djawuḻpa
fear miedo medo mental barrari
feather pluma pena fauna [missing] missing
fire fuego fogo environment gurtha inheritance
fish xx xx fauna ŋarirri' inheritance
flow fluir fluir motion [missing] missing
flower flor flor environment 2859
fly volar voar motion guthiŋaḻi' unknown
fog niebla, neblina nevoeira, bruma, neblina environment [missing] missing
foot pie pé body baŋgina unknown
fruit fruta fruta flora gäku inheritance
good bueno bom quality manymak
grow crecer crescer state [missing] missing
hair (of head) cabello cabelo body marwat inheritance
hand mano mão body ŋarambiya(')
head cabeza cabeça body rliya
hear oír ouvir mental ŋäma
heavy pesado pesado quality ŋonuŋ
hide esconder esconder motion djuḻuḻ'yun
hit golpear, pegar bater impact wut
hit (with hand) xx xx impact [missing] missing
hold correr, asegurar, sostener segurar other gatha_x001E_ inheritance
how? como como grammar nhämirr inheritance
if si se grammar [missing] missing
in/inside dentro, adentro dentro location 2015 inheritance
intestines intestinos intestinos body biyapiya inheritance
itch hormiguear, sentir comezón coçar body ḏamurruŋ' inheritance
kill matar matar impact rakunygum
know/be knowledgeable saber, conecer saber, conhecer mental 2263 inheritance
lake lago lago environment 2027 missing
laugh reír rir mental [missing] missing
leaf hoja folha environment [missing] missing
left/left hand izquierdo esquerdo location/body [missing] missing
leg/foot pierna perna body yaŋara(')
lie down acostarse, echarse deitar motion [missing] missing
lightning rayo, relámpago relampago environment maykarraṉ(') loan
liver hígado figado body ŋalthiri loan
long largo comprido, longo quality 2986
louse piollo, piojo piolho fauna miṉiny'karr
lung pulmón pulmão body burrwutj
man/male hombre homem human ḏarramu
meat/flesh carne carne fauna ŋanak
moon luna lua environment wirrmu
mother madre, mamá mãe kinship nga:rndi
mouth boca boca body dhurrwara
name nombre nome human yäku
nape base del cuello, nuca nuca body dhungurrk
near/close cerca de perto quality galki inheritance
neck cuello pescoço body mayaŋ(')
new nuevo novo quality 1756 inheritance
night noche noite time gämuk
no/not no não grammar yaka
nose nariz nariz body 2839 inheritance
old viejo velho quality ŋäthiliŋ
one uno um number wanggañ7 inheritance
open/uncover abrir abrir other ḻapmaram
other otro outro grammar [missing] missing
person/human being persona pessoa human 2978
pimple xx xx body mäpaṉ
rain lluvia chuva environment waḻuka
red rojo vermelho colour miku(')
right/right hand derecha direita location/body [missing] missing
road/path camino caminho manufacture dhukarr inheritance
roof xx xx manufacture [missing] missing
root raíz raiz flora [missing] missing
rotten podrido podre quality boḻuku
sand arena areia environment [missing] missing
say decir dizer mental wanga_x001E_
scratch rascar rasgar impact wirrk
see ver ver mental nhäma
sharp afilado, filudo, filoso afiado quality raywal
shoot tirar, disparar, balear atirar impact [missing] missing
short corto curto quality dhumbuḻ'
shoulder hombro ombro body rlambarr
sick xx xx body ŋambaŋambatj
sit sentar(se) sentar state nhina_x001E_ inheritance
skin piel pele body galŋa
sky cielo céu environment djiwarr(')
sleep dormir dormir body yakurr inheritance
small pequeño pequeno quality nyumukuṉiny
smell (tr/intr) xx xx body nhuma_x001E_
smoke humo fumaça environment ŋawulul(')
spit escupir cuspir body ŋäl inheritance
split partir, dividir rachar, dividir, partir impact [missing] missing
squeeze estrujar, exprimir espremer impact [missing] missing
stab/pierce apuñalar, acuchillar apunhalar impact barrtjun
stand estar de pié ficar em pé state birr
star estrella estrela environment baṯtjurr
steal robar roubar other [missing] missing
stone piedra pedra environment guṉḏa
suck chupar chupar body [missing] missing
sun sol sol time walu
sweat sudar suor, suar body worr'
swell hincharse inchar body [missing] missing
swim nadar nadar motion rinydjupunum(a)
tail cola, rabo rabo body yangara
that ese/esa esse grammar ngunhi ~ ngunha inheritance
thick grueso, gordo, espeso grosso quality [missing] missing
thin delgado fino quality barka
think pensar pensar mental guyaŋirr(i)
this este/esta este grammar dhuwal
three tres tres number ḻurrkun'
throat garganta garganta body gurak inheritance
throw tirar, lanzar atirar, jogar impact ḏup
thunder truenos trovão environment wolma
tie up/fasten atar, amarrar amarrar impact garrwi'yun
tongue lengua lingua body matha
tooth diente dente body ŋalka
true xx xx quality [missing] missing
turn girar, volter, torcer virar other bil
two dos dois number märrma' inheritance
vomit vomitar vomitar body [missing] missing
walk caminar, andar andar motion [missing] missing
water agua agua environment gutjark loan
wet mojado molhado quality djurruk
what? que, qué que grammar nhä inheritance
when? cuando quando grammar nhätha
where? donde onde grammar wanhaŋumi
white blanco branco colour watharr inheritance
who? quien, quién quem grammar yol inheritance
wife esposa esposa kinship galay inheritance
wind viento vento environment wäŋi inheritance
wing ala asa body binbarr
woman/female mujer mulher human [missing] missing
work trabajar trabalhar other dhotju
yawn bostezar bocejar body dhäpu-waŋa
yellow amarillo amarelo colour buthalak inheritance


Flora Fauna Vocabulary (139)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
grasshopper flora-fauna Caelifera ḏetj ḏety inheritance underived 2 1 0 0 0 no
agile wallaby, river wallaby flora-fauna Macropus agilis missing weṯi(') inheritance 0 1 0 0 0 no
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna Formicidae gälkal ga:lkal inheritance reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
Australian pelican flora-fauna Pelecanus conspicillatus gäḻumay(') ga:ḻumay(') inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
Australian snubfin dolphin flora-fauna Orcaella heinsohnii missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
baler shell flora-fauna Melo amphora guṉŋarri guṉŋarri unknown 0 0 0 0 0 no
bandicoot flora-fauna Peramelemorphia missing 0 0 0 0 0
barn owl flora-fauna Tyto alba missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
barramundi flora-fauna Lates calcarifer balin balin inheritance underived 1 1 0 0 0 no
bat murciélago morcego flora-fauna Chiroptera spp missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
bindii, caltrop flora-fauna Tribulus terrestris missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-breasted buzzard flora-fauna Hamirostra melanosternon missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-faced cuckoo-shrike flora-fauna Coracina novaehollandiae bewiyik bewiyik inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-headed python flora-fauna Aspidites melanocephalus missing missing missing 0 2 0 0 0 no
black-soil yam flora-fauna Ipomoea diamantinensis missing ru:gu inheritance missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
bloodwood flora-fauna Eucalyptus (Corymbia) bleeseri gunga meli unknown 0 1 1 0 0 no
blowfly maggots flora-fauna Diptera, Sarcophagidae gathiŋaḻi(') gathiŋaḻi(') inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
blue-tongue lizard flora-fauna Tiliqua species guŋaluŋ(') dhamiḻiny inheritance simplex 0 1 0 0 0 no
blue-winged kookaburra flora-fauna Dacelo leachii garrukal(') garrukal(') inheritance inheritance inheritance inheritance inheritance inheritance inheritance inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
bluebone flora-fauna Choerodon cyanodus missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
brolga flora-fauna Grus rubicunda ḏaŋgultji(') ḏaŋgultyi(') inheritance Central Yolngu simplex 1 0 0 0 0 no
brown goshawk flora-fauna Accipiter fasciatus missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
brush-tailed possum flora-fauna Trichosurus vulpecula missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
bush cockroach flora-fauna (many species) boḏuk boḏuk unique 0 0 0 0 0 no
bush stone-curlew flora-fauna Burhinus grallarius missing missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 no
bush tobacco flora-fauna Lobelia quadrangularis missing missing missing 0 0 0 1 0 no
bush turkey, Australian bustard flora-fauna Ardeotis australis wayathul' wayathul' unique 0 1 0 0 0 no
bush yam flora-fauna Vigna lanceolata var. lanceolata missing yukuwa(7) inheritance missing 0 1 2 0 1 no
butterfly, moth mariposa borboleta flora-fauna Lepidoptera missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
carpet snake flora-fauna Morelia spilota missing 0 1 0 0 0
caterpillar flora-fauna Lepidoptera ḏapal(') ḏapal(') inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
catfish flora-fauna (many species) missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
centipede ciempiés centopéia flora-fauna Chilopoda, Myriapoda djaṯam dyaṯam inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
channel-billed cuckoo flora-fauna Scythops novaehollandiae missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
crested pigeon flora-fauna Ocyphaps lophotes missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
darter/cormorant flora-fauna Anhinga melanogaster, Phalacrocorax species missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
death adder, five-minute snake flora-fauna Acanthophis praelongus dhambaḏiny dhambaḏiny loan into protolanguage 0 0 0 0 0 yes
dingo flora-fauna Canis familiaris dingo wärraŋ wa:rraŋ inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna Canis familiaris waṯu waṯu inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
duck pato pato, marreco flora-fauna Anatidae muthali(') dakitaki inheritance reduplicated 0 1 0 0 0 no
dugong flora-fauna Dugon dugong missing missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
earthworm flora-fauna Annelida, Oligochaeta mewirri(') mewirri(') inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
emu flora-fauna Dromaius novaehollandiae wurrpaṉ maḻwiya inheritance simplex 2 1 2 0 0 no
fish (generic) pez peixe flora-fauna guya burirrity inheritance simplex 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
flower flora-fauna (NA) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna Diptera wurruḻuḻ(') guthiŋaḻi' unknown simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
flying-fox (generic) flora-fauna (many species) winyiwinyi winyiwinyi unique reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
freshwater crocodile flora-fauna Crocodylus johnstoni missing ŋa:w(7) inheritance 0 0 0 0 0 no
freshwater mussel flora-fauna Velesunio wilsoni djärrwiṯ dya:rrgiṯ inheritance simplex 0 1 0 0 0 no
freshwater prawn flora-fauna Macrobrachium rosenbergii missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
frill-necked lizard flora-fauna Chlamydosaurus kingii missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
frog (generic) flora-fauna (many species) garkman garkman inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
galah flora-fauna Eolophus roseicapilla missing 0 0 0 0 0
turtle (generic) flora-fauna (many species) miyapunu miyapunu inheritance simplex 0 1 0 0 0 no
ghost gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus papuana (Corymbia bella) missing ? missing missing 2 0 1 0 0 no
goanna (generic) or sand goanna flora-fauna Varanus spp dyanda dyanda inheritance underived 0 1 2 0 0 no
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna (NA) mulmu lawarr unknown cf ḻawarranha Yan-nhangu type of stingray simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
grasshopper flora-fauna Orthoptera ḏety inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0
great bowerbird flora-fauna Chlamydera nuchalis djurwirr(') dyurwirr(') loan WW %tyurwirr 1 0 0 0 0 no
green ant flora-fauna Oecophylla smaragdina ŋämuk dhayi inheritance simplex 0 2 2 0 0 no
green sea turtle flora-fauna Chelonia mydas missing missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
green tree snake flora-fauna Dendrelaphis punctulata missing missing missing 0 2 0 0 0 no
head/body lice flora-fauna Pediculus capitis, Pediculus humanus djuku dyuku inheritance 0 0 0 0 0 no
horse caballo cavalho flora-fauna Equus caballus yarraman' dya:rraŋ inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
hummingbird colibrí, picaflor (Peru) beija-flor flora-fauna Trochilidae wirriwirri wirriwirri inheritance might be loan into proto-language reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
humpback whale flora-fauna Megaptera novaeangliae missing missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
insect (generic) insecto insecto flora-fauna generic woṉ buwat doubtful loan simplex Narrower [unidentified beetle] 0 0 0 0 0 no
jabiru flora-fauna Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus gardakarda inheritance 0 0 0 0 0
jungle-fowl (scrub-fowl) flora-fauna Megapodius freycinet missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
kangaroo (generic) flora-fauna Macropodidae weṯi(') weṯi(') inheritance 2 1 0 0 0 no
land snail flora-fauna Gastropoda meṉḏuŋ meṉḏuŋ inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
magpie goose flora-fauna Anseranas semipalmata gurrumaṯtji gurrumaṯtyi inheritance simplex 0 1 0 0 0 no
military dragon flora-fauna Ctenophorus isolepis, Diporiphora spp., Lophognathus spp. missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
mosquito mosquito, zancudo mosquito, carapana flora-fauna Anopheles spp, Isoptera gaṉamu gaṉamu inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
mud wasp, hornet flora-fauna (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
native bee flora-fauna (many species) missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
native cat flora-fauna Dasyurus barkuma(') barkuma(') inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
northern brown bandicoot flora-fauna Isoodon macrourus missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
northern kurrajong flora-fauna Brachychiton diversifolius djambuwalngani djambuwalngani unknown “djambuwal” “tornado”? derived 0 1 no? 0 0 no
nut tree flora-fauna Terminalia grandifolia deit deit unknown simplex 0 1 0 0 0 no
octopus flora-fauna Octopus australis missing dyuŋambi unknown 0 0 0 0 0 no
pandanus palm flora-fauna Pandanus spiralis gun.ga gunga inheritance simplex 1 1 0 0 1 no
paperbark flora-fauna Melaleuca sericea, Melaleuca stenostachya raŋan barrukala(') inheritance 0 0 1 0 0 no
peaceful dove flora-fauna Geopelia placida gurudut gurudut loan direction unknown WW %kurutuk 0 0 0 0 0 no
pearlshell flora-fauna Pinctada spp missing missing missing 1 1 0 0 1 no
peewee flora-fauna Gryllina cyanoleuca missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
pied butcherbird flora-fauna Cracticus nigrogularis missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
pike eel flora-fauna Muraenesox arabicus missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
praying mantis, stick insects mantis religiosa louva-a-deus flora-fauna Mantodea missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
prickle bush flora-fauna Sclerolaena bicornis missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
quail (generic) flora-fauna Coturnix species, Turnix species missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
red river gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus camaldulensis missing missing missing 2 0 1 0 1 no
red-tailed black-cockatoo flora-fauna Calyptorhynchus banksi ŋaṯili ŋaṯili inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
riflefish, archerfish flora-fauna Toxotes chatareus missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
river mangrove flora-fauna Aegicera corniculatum missing missing missing 0 0 2 0 1 no
rock fig flora-fauna Ficus brachypoda missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
sacred kingfisher flora-fauna Todiramphus sancta missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
saltwater crocodile flora-fauna Crocodylus porosus ba:ru ba:ru inheritance simplex 2 2 0 0 0 yes
saltwater mussel flora-fauna Mytilidae missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
sawfish flora-fauna Pristis pectinata missing missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 yes
scorpion escorpión; alacran escorpião flora-fauna Arachnida, Scorpiones buthuŋu buthuŋu inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
shark (generic) flora-fauna Selachimorpha missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 variable
shell (generic) flora-fauna ŋaraka ḻudhuḻudhu semantic shift reduplicated 0 1 0 0 1 no
short-beaked echidna flora-fauna Tachyglossus aculeatus djirrmaŋa(') dyirrmaŋa(') inheritance 0 2 0 0 0 no
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
snappy gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus brevifolia missing missing missing 0 0 1 0 0 no
spider araña aranha flora-fauna Arachnida, Araneae gärr' ga:rr' inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
spinifex flora-fauna Triodia species missing missing missing 0 0 2 0 0 no
spoonbills (yellow-billed spoonbill, black-billed spoonbill) flora-fauna Platalea flavipes, Platalea regia missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
stingray (generic) rayas látigo, raya arraia flora-fauna Dasyatidae maranydjalk ba:rrinyinŋa unique 0 1 0 0 0 variable
stripe-faced dunnart flora-fauna Sminthopsis macroura missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
sugarbag wax flora-fauna gonydju gonydyu inheritance 1 1 0 0 0 no
sulphur-crested cockatoo flora-fauna Cacatua galerita baḏikan baḏikan inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
swamp eel flora-fauna Ophisternon gutturale missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
swamp leech flora-fauna Annelida, Hirudinea yikawuḏi yikawuḏi unique 0 0 0 0 0 no
tawny frogmouth flora-fauna Podargus strigoides rdawurtawu ḏawuṯawu inheritance reduplicated 0 0 0 0 0 no
termite mounds, ant hills flora-fauna Isoptera mudhandi gunaŋa(') inheritance simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
termites, white-ants comején (Peru), termitas cupim flora-fauna (many species) munyukuluŋu munyukuluŋu unique 0 0 0 0 0 no
ti-tree flora-fauna Melaleuca bracteata missing missing missing 0 0 1 0 0 no
tick garrapata carrapato flora-fauna Arachnida, Acarina missing mirnrdilŋ inheritance 0 0 0 0 0 no
tiger shark flora-fauna Galeocerdo cuvier missing missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 yes
torresian crow flora-fauna Corvus orru wäk wa:k inheritance 0 0 0 0 0 no
tree árbol arvore flora-fauna (NA) gäyu buymanman unique simplex 0 0 0 0 0 no
waterlily flora-fauna Nymphaea macrosperma ḏatam ḏatam inheritance simplex 0 1 2 0 0 no
wattle flora-fauna Acacia difficilis dhurrtji(') dhurrtyi(') unique 0 0 1 0 1 no
wedge-tailed eagle flora-fauna Aquila audax ḏamala ḏamala inheritance 1 0 0 0 0 no
willie wagtail flora-fauna Rhipidura leucophrys djirrpiyirrpi dyirrpiyirrpi inheritance reduplicated 1 0 0 0 0 no
witchetty grub flora-fauna (many species) guyita ga:muruŋ inheritance simplex 0 1 2 0 0 no
woma flora-fauna Aspidites ramsayii missing missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
tree árbol arvore flora-fauna gäyu
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna ŋäṯi(')
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna dhamin
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna gathiŋaḻi(')
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna 1757
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna mulmu
kangaroo (generic) flora-fauna weṯi(')
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna mundukuḻ(')
spider araña aranha flora-fauna garrwiḏi


Cultural Vocabulary (111)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
afterworld, land of dead, Heaven tierra do los muertos terra dos mortos culture-mythology dhawal missing
armband dress barka semantic shift
awl subsistence tool missing
axe/stone axe hacha (de piedra) machado (de pedra) subsistence tool ḏakul(') inheritance
bag (string) culture-material bathi inheritance
bait for fishing cebo, carnada para pescar, empate (Peru) isca subsistence tool yipaŋ unique
basket (general) canasta, canasto, cesta cesto culture-material missing
body feather decorations culture-mythology missing
boomerang/throwing stick (generic) subsistence tool gaḻiwaḻi(') inheritance
boomerang (number 7) subsistence tool missing
boomerang (small) subsistence tool missing
bowl (coolamon) culture-material dhaniya(') inheritance
broom escoba vassoura culture-material missing
canoe canoa canoa transport mityiyaŋ loan Makassar
cicatrice culture-mythology mim'pu inheritance
clapsticks culture-mythology biḻma inheritance
club (nulla-nulla) subsistence tool missing
cook food food ḻirrthan inheritance
cook in earth oven food missing
damper food da:mba' loan English
dance (generic) culture-mythology girityirr(i) REDO - noun not verb
digging stick subsistence tool bätju(') inheritance
dipper (small coolamon) subsistence tool missing
dream sueño, soñar sonho, sonhar culture-mythology bukaway inheritance
dreaming culture-mythology missing
drone pipe culture-mythology yiḏaki inheritance
fire drill subsistence tool rduttyi(7) inheritance
fire-saw other ḏuttyi(') inheritance
fireplace hogar lareira other dhurrmuruḻ' inheritance
firewood leña lenha other missing
fish poison barbasco, matapez (Colombia) timbó subsistence tool yiṉḏiṯi unique
fish (with fish-poison) pescar con barbasco, barbasquear pescar com timbó; tinguijar food missing
fish (with line) anzuelear, pescar con linea pescar (com linha) food ra:kum(a) inheritance
fish (with spear) food missing
fishing line cordel/cuerda p/ pescar, sedal, tanze linha de pesca subsistence tool raki(') inheritance
fishtrap (permanent) subsistence tool missing
fishtrap (woven) subsistence tool missing
flour (European) food missing
flour (bush) food missing
game animal caza, animal de caza caça, animal de caça food met loan English
ghost (of dead person)/evil spirit espíritu malo, espíritu maligno, fantasma, demonio espirito culture-mythology ŋa:ṉuk unique
glue subsistence tool man'ku inheritance
grave tumba, sepultura, sepulcro sepultura, sepulcro, cova culture-mythology munatha(') semantic shift
grog food ŋa:nityi loan Makassar
hair belt dress missing
headband dress missing
healer curandero benzador, curandeiro, kumu (Tukano) culture-mythology marrŋgity inheritance
honey miel mel food dyana' semantic shift
house (European) other bala' loan Makassar WW %bala
hunt cazar caçar food ŋupan inheritance
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology missing
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology missing
knife cuchillo faca culture-material mandyawak doubtful loan
loincloth taparrabos, guayuco, pampanilla tanga, tapa-sexo dress missing
love song culture-mythology missing
mangrove raft transport buyku unique
message stick culture-mythology missing
mortar mortero pilão subsistence tool missing
nosepeg other missing
paddle/oar remo remo transport gadhubaḻa unique
ochre culture-mythology buthalak inheritance
paint body, body paint pintura corporal pintura corporal culture-mythology missing
pestle pilón, mano de mortero, mazo, moledor mão de pilão subsistence tool missing
pipe for tobacco pipa cachimbo other missing
public song cycle culture-mythology missing
red paint culture-mythology miku(') inheritance
resin resina, brea, copal resina, brea, breu subsistence tool missing
salt sal sal food dye'la inheritance
shelter (native) other buṉbu inheritance
song (generic) canción, canto canção culture-mythology missing
song (for entertainment) culture-mythology missing
spear lanza lança subsistence tool gara inheritance
spear (fighting) subsistence tool missing
spear (fishing) subsistence tool makurr inheritance
spearthrower subsistence tool maŋal unique
speartip subsistence tool missing
string (from hair) culture-material missing
string (from vine) culture-material marrputyu inheritance
sugar acculturation dyoka' loan English WW sugar
tea food dhilip loan English WW tea
tobacco (European) narcotics ŋarali' semantic shift
tobacco (native) narcotics missing
spirit child culture-mythology missing
wax cera cera other gonydyu inheritance
white paint culture-mythology gaparn inheritance
windbreak other missing
yandy (n) culture-material missing
school escuela escola acculturation goḻ loan English
net subsistence tool ganybu inheritance
bottle botella garrafa acculturation buthuḻu(') loan English WW bottle
paper papel papel acculturation baypa loan English WW paper
corpse food missing
chicken gallina galinha acculturation dyikin loan English WW chicken
tree coffin culture-mythology rdimbuka(7) inheritance
clothing ropa roupa culture-mythology mardhakal semantic shift
skirt falda, saya, fustan, pollera saia culture-material batigut loan with semantic shift English WW petticoat
shoes zapatos sapatos dress dhapathuŋ(') loan Makassar WW %dhapathung
medicine narcotics miḏityin' loan English WW medicine
earth oven food dha:rriŋ unique
policeman polícia policía acculturation ḏapman loan with semantic shift
cat gato gato acculturation butyikit loan English WW cat
gun arma, escopeta espingarda, fusil acculturation ma:rryaŋ loan Makassar
hat sombero chapéu dress dyoŋgu(') inheritance
rope/string mecate, cuerda, soga corda culture wuthirri
bottom grinding stone manufacture [missing] missing
digging stick subsistence tool [missing] missing
winnow aventar, tirar (sementes) joeirar manufacture [missing] missing
top grinding stone metate, mano; piedra de moler metate, mano manufacture [missing] missing
spearthrower subsistence tool gaḻpu
spear lanza lança subsistence tool ḻuŋgu
house other wäŋa unknown


Ethnographic Information
Current Population (speakers) Former Population Estimate Subsistence Preference Density Sedentism Ecotome Marriage Pattern Notes Source
large HG dense mobile yes