Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

root

Semantic Field: flora
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: raíz
Meaning Portuguese: raiz

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Achagua	-hítʃu	-hítʃu		inheritance			See Language page
Aché		apo		inheritance			See Language page
Aguaruna	kagkáp	kangkáp		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio	yöi miik	jöɪ mik		inheritance			See Language page
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect	kara	kara					See Language page
Andoke	#NAME?	#NAME?		doubtful loan	Tukanoan		See Language page
Apalai	imity, mity	imitɨ, mitɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Arabana	winjiwinjiri			unique
Araona		akʷi-c̷aha; c̷aha				Tacn form is c̷axa.	See Language page
Arutani	aša	aʃa					See Language page
Ashuar	kangkáp	kaŋkap					See Language page
Ayoreo		ta'posi				A tap root is ee'ri-keruui, cf. 12.550. Other roots that entwine are ee'ri; r. of fallen tree is 'kuč-ee'ri.	See Language page
Baniwa	-pali	-paɺi		inheritance			See Language page
Barasano	~je-ba	~je-ba					See Language page
Bardi	niimunggul(u)	niimungkul(u)		unknown
Bará		dɨ̃'kõ					See Language page
Barí		ašišĩĩ				Colombia: ʔayširə.	See Language page
Baure	ṛ̌eki'ton	ṛ̌eki'ton		unique			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	tyntana, tytana			inheritance
Bora	páxkʰyeé	páxkʰjɛέ		inheritance			See Language page
Bunuba	wanamirndi			unknown
Burarra	rrepara			unknown
Cahuilla	-wala- (vb)			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	tbɨtí-xa	tbɨtí-xa					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	xixpori	tʂĩtʂpoɾĩ		unique			See Language page
Carapana	nʉcõ	nɨkɔ̃					See Language page
Carijona	imitɨ			inheritance			See Language page
Cavineña	e-tiri	e-tiri		unique			See Language page
Central Aymara	saphi	sapʰi					See Language page
Cha'palaa		'te'lele				South Barbacoan form is teleNle.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	tyryna-v(y)			inheritance
Chipaya		šepˀa; lxomi				The latter is a small edible tuberous root. A thick root is pira.	See Language page
Chiriguano		h-'apo; r-'apo		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		fʷetis					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	7axpil'il			inheritance			Beeler 1978
Chumash Cruzeno	ts'aqpilil “root, nerve, bowstring”			inheritance			JPH
Chumash Ineseno	-7ax-pilil' “nerve, sinew; root; bowstring”			inheritance			A 50
Chumash Ventureno	c'axpilil “root, sinew”			inheritance			Harrington 1974:3
Chácobo	tapono; kano	tapono; kano		inheritance			See Language page
Cocopa	kwshama/, kwshma, shma			inheritance
Cofán	setsa´fa	sɛtsaʔɸa				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	tyrana			inheritance
Cubeo	javabo; nʉo; nʉomu (all three generic terms)	xavabo; nɨo; nɨomu		inheritance			See Language page
Cupeño	-wala	[walə]~[wəˈla]		inheritance
Desano	nugũ	nugũ		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	dhulpurru			unknown
Dhuwal	[missing]			missing
Dhuwala	[missing]			missing
Diyari	kapada			inheritance
DiyariREU	kantji			inheritance
Djambarrpuyngu	[missing]			missing
Djapu	[missing]			missing
Djeoromitxi	rari	rari					See Language page
Djinang	gurrkarr			unknown
Dâw	tiís [roots in/on ground], xom [roots extending from trunk to ground]	tǐʃ, xɔm		inheritance			See Language page
Epena		'kʰar̃a				Also means 'plant'.	See Language page
Ese Ejja		e-saxa; ɓisiʔikʷi		inheritance			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	akwi saxa; e-saxa (Girard 1971)	akwi saxa; e-saxa					See Language page
Eñepa	iye mi'; yïmun, -mun (tuber) (MM)	ije miʔ; jïmun, -mun (tuber) (MM)		inheritance			See Language page
Gabrielino	7awi:win			inheritance
Gajirrabeng	lengkaleng			loan	Ngarinyin
Gooniyandi	yirrali			unique
Guayabero		tatín-t, ne-tatín-t		unique			See Language page
Gupapuyngu	[missing]			missing
Gurindji	wirnturru			inheritance
Hodï	lahla (exterior root of a tree)			unique			See Language page
Huambisa	kagkap	kaŋgkap					See Language page
Hup	tǐh	tǐh		inheritance			See Language page
Ignaciano		tapare					See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	pehemaa	[pəxəˈmaˑ]		inheritance
Ingá	angu	angu					See Language page
Iquito	ánija	ániha		unique			See Language page
Itonama		ahmi-mus					See Language page
Jaru	wanamindi			doubtful loan
Kabiyari	apáre	apáɾe					See Language page
Kaingang	jãre	-yãre					See Language page
Kakataibo		ta'põ				ta'βuṣ̌ 'fiberous roots'. Panoan tapono with related meanings 'tendon, foot'.	See Language page
Kakua		mâ-nat		inheritance			See Language page
Kalapalo	iñuŋu	iñuŋu		inheritance			See Language page
Kamayurá	ɨwɑpo, apo	ɨwɑpo, apo		inheritance			See Language page
Karajarri	wanal			inheritance
Kariña	mity	mitɨ	root				Yamada 2010:772
Karitiana	epkyjymy	epkɨjɨmɨ		unknown			See Language page
Katukina		tapõ					See Language page
Kawaiisu	tyna=			inheritance
Kija	lengkal-			loan	Ngarinyin
Kiliwa	7uuw=smaa			inheritance
Kitanemuk	ngakawi			inheritance
Koreguaje	saivʉ	saibʉ		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	nʉhco (Waltz)	nʉhko (Waltz)		inheritance	Andoke		See Language page
Kwazá	-tswe, -jã, -kãjã, -koke	-tswe, -jã, -kãjã, -koke					See Language page
Lake Miwok	Su/uli			loan direction unknown
Lengua		#NAME?				Lit. '?-foot' 04.370.	See Language page
Lokono	kyra	kɨɾa	root				Pet 1987:369
Luiseño	-towla			inheritance			Elliott
Maca		ɬefitec̷ (m.)					See Language page
Macaguan	petakomét	petakomét		unique			See Language page
Maidu	pi\wi/			inheritance
Maihiki	seu ja, bichibɨ ja	seu xã, bitʃibɨ xã		unknown			See Language page
Makuna	~je-ba	~je-ba		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	kara (IDS)	kara (IDS)		inheritance	N Amaz subgroup		See Language page
Malyangapa	Mal: palkarra			loan direction unknown
Mangala	wanal			unknown
Mapoyo	yëhE miti'-bë	jɛhə miti'-bɛ					See Language page
Mapudungun		folil				Ranquel form is volil.	See Language page
Matses	tapun	tapun		inheritance			See Language page
Minica Witoto	háina.o	háina.o					See Language page
Miriwung	bandhang			unique	NJ
Mithaka	[missing]			missing
Mocoví		l-paʔaʔ					See Language page
Mojave	sama			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		iri'bin					See Language page
Movima	ɗuɗuɬ-kʷa	ɗuɗuɬ-kʷa					See Language page
Mudburra	winduru
Mudburra	kinyjaka			unique
Muinane	bakó-ʔoko {yajé root}, -tano	bakó-ʔoko {jajέ root}, -tano					See Language page
Muisca	chihiza	ʂihitʂa					See Language page
Murui Witoto	haina.o	haina.o		inheritance/Witoto			See Language page
Mutsun	hi:koT			unknown			O77:51
Máku	lemekeči	lemeketʃi					See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		kɔm					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		kɔm		inheritance	cognate Dâw		See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	angu	angu					See Language page
Ngamini	kapara			inheritance
Ngandi	warndal'			unique
Ngarluma	nhayi			unique
Ngumbarl	nimmarunga	<nimmarunga>		inheritance
Nheengatu	apu	apu		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	kaparri			inheritance
Nimanburru	nimijilaburdany	nimijilaburdany		unknown
Ninam	nasilik, naskiri (EM72)	nasilik, nasikiɾi		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	pi:to7 “basket root” (Y. whipplei??)			inheritance
Nivaclé		ɬ-fetas	root				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	nékarra	nékarra					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	wanal
Northern Nyangumarta	wanal pukurl			inheritance
Northern Paiute	tyna/ “tree root”			inheritance			Thornes 03:27
Northern Sierra Miwok	jo:meca-			unknown
Nukak		naʔ4		inheritance			See Language page
Nyangumarta	karlka			unknown
Nyikina	ninyji	ninyji		unknown
Nyulnyul	garrinygam; nimal, nirlbun XXngl last one of these is 'bush onion' in Bardi	karrinykam; nimal, nirlbun XXngl lasd one of dhese is 'bush onion' in Bardi		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	háinao	háinao					See Language page
Ocaina	tsiñ̵íínhonfe, tsiñ̵ííhonco	tsiɲ̵ĩ́ĩ́ʔõɸɛ, tsiɲ̵ĩ́ĩ́ʔõko		unique			See Language page
Paakantyi	baḷgara			loan direction unknown
Pacahuara		ta'pono					See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		h-apo; t-apo					See Language page
Paresi	ityahare	ityahare		inheritance			See Language page
Pemon	kara (A1981); yöikara (E1980); kara (M2000)	kara (A1981); ʎöɪkara (E1980)		inheritance	N Amaz subgroup		See Language page
Piapoco	ipìchu	ipìtʃu					See Language page
Piaroa	dau uwäyupjä	dau uwæjuphæ		unique			See Language page
Pilagá		le-pataʔ				Lit. '3pp-root'.	See Language page
Pirriya	[missing]			missing
Pitta-Pitta	[missing]			missing
Plains Miwok	sac:a-			inheritance
Puinave	#NAME?	#NAME?		unique			See Language page
Pumé	to tãkü						See Language page
Páez	taxs	taʃ					See Language page
Qawasqar		wes-pel				wes is 'earth'. Also Ag records kskareks; alo. Bo records wes-epel for Central QWS.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	sapi	sapi					See Language page
Resígaro	tébaké	tébaké		doubtful loan	Boran, see also Zaparo		See Language page
Rirratjingu	ḏulpurru, gurrka
Ritharrngu	warndal'			loan
Salinan A	tepa/s (A),			unknown
Salinan M	tepa/so			unknown			Mason 1918:129
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		apkapminaok					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		awhak; aykepmenek					See Language page
Sanumá	našikili (EM72)	naʃikili		inheritance			See Language page
Sape	tu	tu					See Language page
Secoya	sitamo	sitamõ					See Language page
Selknam		hari					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	ixa/ai “root, base, foundation”			unknown
Serrano	-nga:qaw			inheritance
Shipibo-Konibo		ta-põ					See Language page
Sikuani		pe-tábu-topa:		inheritance	Sik-Cuiva-Playero group		See Language page
Siona	sita; sita-mo	sita; sita-mo		inheritance			See Language page
Siriano	nuugṹ	nuugṹ					See Language page
Sirionó	erao	erao		inheritance			See Language page
Southern Paiute	tyn:a-s “stump”, tyn:a: “bottom, base”			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	angu	angu					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	wi:meja-			loan
Southern Ute	tynaavI, tynapI			inheritance
Sáliva	illellaixu	iʤeʤaixu		unique			See Language page
Tacana		eď̶ao					See Language page
Tanimuca	riʔkoa	riʔkoa		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	háiku i-páɾi	háiku i-páɾi		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	dɨ̃'kõ	dɨ̃'kõ					See Language page
Taushiro	o´tintih	oʔtintih					See Language page
Tehuelche		'tˀapr				Refers to root used for coloring.	See Language page
Tikuna	tʃumãʔa	tʃumãʔa		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	mu(nu) (tuberous root)	mu(nu)		inheritance			See Language page
Toba		l-paʔaʔ					See Language page
Trinitario		#NAME?					See Language page
Trumai	oke; ɨuɨr maksi	oke; ɨuɨr maksi		unique			See Language page
Tukano	nʉ'kô (hr)	nɨ'kô (hr)		inheritance	Andoke		See Language page
Tuyuka	dɨ̃'kõ	dɨ̃ʔkõ					See Language page
Tübatulabal	wiishi-n			inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone	tynyna(py), tytyna(py),			inheritance
Urarina	haisi	haisi		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	yi-miči-n	yi-miči-n		inheritance			See Language page
Waikhana	dɨ̃ʔ'kõ	dɨ̃ʔ'kõ					See Language page
Waimaja	nɨ̃́kʰṍnĩ́	nɨ̃́kʰṍnĩ́					See Language page
Walmajarri	warnamirnti			doubtful loan
Wangkayutyuru	karurra			unique
Waorani	gæyæ̃-bẽ			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	ištʰaˀbaʔɨ	iʃtʰaˀbaʔɨ		inheritance	Proto North Arawak?		See Language page
Wappo	lu/k'i			unknown
Wari	kašimain	kaʃimain				Means 'foot' 04.370.	See Language page
Warrwa	jiilawa	jiilawa		unknown
Washo	i:/dew			unknown			J1958:203,J455
Waurá	tjmã:tiʔ (Postigo11)	tsmã:tiʔ (Postigo11)		unique			See Language page
Wayampi	#NAME?	#NAME?		inheritance			See Language page
Wayana	umït	umɨt		inheritance			See Language page
Wayuu		hu-r̃aľa					See Language page
Western Mono	ty/dy/na, ty/dy/na/pY/			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		-la-hʷec̷iʔ				Singular form. Plural is -la-hʷec̷i-l.	See Language page
Wintu	se:k			inheritance
Wubuy	jang			inheritance?
Yabarana		miti					See Language page
Yagua	jntiy	xntij		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		tapo				Cf. 'foot' 04.370.	See Language page
Yan-nhangu	guṉinyi			unknown
Yandruwandha	kaparri			inheritance
Yanomam	nasiki (EM72)	nasiki		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	pei nasikɨ, nasiki (EM72)	pei nasikɨ, nasiki		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	[missing]			missing
Yavapai	??i\:msma_:, msma/:			inheritance
Yavitero	iwinaha	iwinaha					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	kanpa			unique
Yawuru	biṛ	biṛ		unknown
Yine		ko-c̷a; c̷ki				Piro-Apuriná form is koc̷a.	See Language page
Yokuts Yawdanchi	ho:pHut			inheritance			K07, G64
Yokuts Yowlumne	ho:pHul			inheritance			Golla 1964:64
Yuhup	tîc	tîc		inheritance			See Language page
Yuki	kutkin (K1911)			inheritance			S&S 1984
Yukpa	isírapre, uéichit	dʒi:ʂe					See Language page
Yukuna	ji'ilaji	hiʔilahi		unique			See Language page
Yuma	shama:/ H3:210			inheritance
Yuruti	dɨ̃́ɨ̃kõ	dɨ̃́ɨ̃kõ					See Language page
Záparo	tapuka (of a tree)	tapuka					See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Akawaio/Ingariko dialect
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Arutani
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Barasano
Bardi
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Central Aymara
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jaru
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mangala
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Máku
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Nimanburru
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Pacahuara
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Resígaro
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Sape
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Wubuy
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yuma
Yuruti
Záparo

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