Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

Ngarluma

Family: Pama-Nyungan
Region: Australia
ISO 639-3: nrl
Location: -21.61°, 116.84°
Notes
Features: Basic Vocabulary
Flora Fauna Vocabulary
Cultural Vocabulary
Ethnographic Information

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Data Sources: none

Basic Vocabulary (186)

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English	Spanish	Portuguese	Semantic Field	Part of Speech	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	General Notes	Source

English	Spanish	Portuguese	Semantic Field	Orthographic Form	Etymology Code
1pl.excl	nosotros (exclusivo)	nós (exclusivo)	grammar	nganarna	inheritance
1pl.incl	nosotros (inclusivo)	nós (inclusivo)	grammar	ngaliguru	semantic shift
1sg	yo	eu	grammar	ngayi	inheritance
2pl	ustedes	vocês	grammar	nyindaguru	semantic shift
2sg	xx	xx	grammar	yenco and yeenta	inheritance
3pl	ellos/ellas	eles/elas	grammar	palu-kurla
3sg	el/ella	ele/ela	grammar	balu
above	encima, arriba	acima	location	gankara-nguru	inheritance
again	de nuevo, otra vez	de novo	grammar	ngardilyilba	inheritance
all	todo	todos	other	jurlu	inheritance
and	y	e	grammar	[missing]	missing
ankle	tobillo	tornozelo	body	bardara	inheritance
armpit	axila, sobaco	axila	body	ngunamarra
ashamed	xx	xx	mental	ngayiny kurnta-ku
ashes	xx	xx	environment	mirriny	unique
at	en, a	em, a	location	-ka
back	espalda	costas	body	murru	inheritance
bad	mal	mal	quality	walyga
be alive	xx	xx	body	wanka	inheritance
belly	barriga	barriga	body	ngarlu	inheritance
below	abajo, debajo	abaixo	location	gardangga
big	grande	grande	quality	mirrga
bite	morder	morder	body	bilya	unique
black	negro	preto	colour	warru	inheritance
blood	sangre	sangue	body	marda	inheritance
blow	soplar	soprar	body	buyungka-lku
blunt	xx	xx	quality	burlbu	unique
bone	hueso	osso	body	guji	loan
boomerang	xx	xx	manufacture	wirrba	unique
breast	pecho, seno	peito	body	bibi	inheritance
breathe	respirar	respirar	body	ngayini
burn	quemar	queimar	environment	gamba	inheritance
chew	masticar, mascar	mastigar	body	bilya(-lgu)	unique
child	niño, niña	criança	human	manyga
climb	subir	subir	motion	garlba
cloud	nube	nuvem	environment	garndara
cold	frío	frio	quality	muthu
come	venir	vir	motion	guga''y
cook	cocinar	cozinhar	impact	gamba	inheritance
count	contar	contar	mental	yinda(-lgu)	unique
cry	llorar	chorar	mental	ngaji_x001E_ku	inheritance
cut	xx	xx	impact	wirnda
die/be dead	morir	morrer	state	nyurndiwarni(-gu)
dig	cavar	cavar	impact	binku
dingo/wolf			fauna	mujira
dirty	sucio	sujo	quality	kurnturrkurru	unique
dream	soñar	sonhar	mental	pukarrija-lku
drink	beber, tomar	beber	body	pincharoo, pin jalgo
dry	seco	seco	quality	biju
dust	polvo	poeira	environment	gurndurr	loan
ear	oreja	orelha	body	gurlga	inheritance
earth/soil	tierra	terra	environment	barla
eat	comer	comer	body	baja
egg	huevo	ovo	fauna	jimbu
eye	ojo	olho	body	thurla
faeces	heces, mierda, excremento, estiércol	fezes	body	marna	unique
fall	caer	cair	motion	bungga
far	lejos	longe	quality	warrba
fat/grease	grasa	gordura	body	jinji
father	padre, papá	pai	kinship	jabu
fear	miedo	medo	mental	wayagabu
feather	pluma	pena	fauna	bardu
fire	fuego	fogo	environment	bugarra
fish	xx	xx	fauna	wagari
flow	fluir	fluir	motion	yinti-ku
flower	flor	flor	environment	birdibirdi
fly	volar	voar	motion	burru
fog	niebla, neblina	nevoeira, bruma, neblina	environment	gubilya
foot	pie	pé	body	jina
fruit	fruta	fruta	flora	japaja
good	bueno	bom	quality	waba	unique
grow	crecer	crescer	state	tharra-ku	unique
hair (of head)	cabello	cabelo	body	gurlgura
hand	mano	mão	body	mara
head	cabeza	cabeça	body	yurlga	unique
hear	oír	ouvir	mental	wanyabarri
heavy	pesado	pesado	quality	ngunggumarnda
hide	esconder	esconder	motion	milyi(-gu)
hit	golpear, pegar	bater	impact	batha-rrgu	inheritance
hit (with hand)	xx	xx	impact	guthanyga	unique
hold	correr, asegurar, sostener	segurar	other	ganyirni(-gu)
how?	como	como	grammar	wantharni	inheritance
if	si	se	grammar	wayi particle	unique
in/inside	dentro, adentro	dentro	location	thurnu
intestines	intestinos	intestinos	body	bunga	unique
itch	hormiguear, sentir comezón	coçar	body	yimilngali(-gu)
kill	matar	matar	impact	nyurntika-lku
know/be knowledgeable	saber, conecer	saber, conhecer	mental	710
lake	lago	lago	environment	[missing]	missing
laugh	reír	rir	mental	thurni
leaf	hoja	folha	environment	barrga	inheritance
left/left hand	izquierdo	esquerdo	location/body	jambu
leg/foot	pierna	perna	body	watha
lie down	acostarse, echarse	deitar	motion	ngarri(-gu)
lightning	rayo, relámpago	relampago	environment	warlibirdi
liver	hígado	figado	body	ngamarri
long	largo	comprido, longo	quality	marndiwangga
louse	piollo, piojo	piolho	fauna	gulu
lung	pulmón	pulmão	body	walharn
man/male	hombre	homem	human	kartu
meat/flesh	carne	carne	fauna	murla
moon	luna	lua	environment	wilarra
mother	madre, mamá	mãe	kinship	ngangga
mouth	boca	boca	body	thaya
name	nombre	nome	human	yini
nape	base del cuello, nuca	nuca	body	nhanka
near/close	cerca de	perto	quality	murna
neck	cuello	pescoço	body	ngalyi
new	nuevo	novo	quality	yijangu
night	noche	noite	time	thunthu	unique
no/not	no	não	grammar	mirda
nose	nariz	nariz	body	mulha
old	viejo	velho	quality	nhandirndi	unique
one	uno	um	number	gunyjimu	inheritance
open/uncover	abrir	abrir	other	thayaka-lku	unique
other	otro	outro	grammar	kunjirri
person/human being	persona	pessoa	human	mayaga
pimple	xx	xx	body	yimirl	unique
rain	lluvia	chuva	environment	yoongoo
red	rojo	vermelho	colour	martamarta
right/right hand	derecha	direita	location/body	mayangu	unique
road/path	camino	caminho	manufacture	yirdiya
roof	xx	xx	manufacture	[missing]	missing
root	raíz	raiz	flora	nhayi	unique
rotten	podrido	podre	quality	ngurlungurlu
sand	arena	areia	environment	nharnu
say	decir	dizer	mental	wangka(-gu)
scratch	rascar	rasgar	impact	yirrba(-gu)	unique
see	ver	ver	mental	nhagu
sharp	afilado, filudo, filoso	afiado	quality	bajaburdu	unique
shoot	tirar, disparar, balear	atirar	impact	mirndilyga(-lgu)
short	corto	curto	quality	gambu	unique
shoulder	hombro	ombro	body	barrgara
sick	xx	xx	body	wirraku
sit	sentar(se)	sentar	state	barni
skin	piel	pele	body	gaburn
sky	cielo	céu	environment	barlbar
sleep	dormir	dormir	body	bamba
small	pequeño	pequeno	quality	gurlugurlu
smell (tr/intr)	xx	xx	body	bund\ilgo
smoke	humo	fumaça	environment	burlgurn	unique
spit	escupir	cuspir	body	witharla ngayi(-lgu)
split	partir, dividir	rachar, dividir, partir	impact	garnda
squeeze	estrujar, exprimir	espremer	impact	jumpi-lku
stab/pierce	apuñalar, acuchillar	apunhalar	impact	garda-ga(-lgu)
stand	estar de pié	ficar em pé	state	karri-ku
star	estrella	estrela	environment	birndirri
steal	robar	roubar	other	muja(-lgu)
stone	piedra	pedra	environment	marnda
suck	chupar	chupar	body	binyja(-lgu)[future -ru]
sun	sol	sol	time	yarnda
sweat	sudar	suor, suar	body	nganyurda
swell	hincharse	inchar	body	murramurrarri(-gu)
swim	nadar	nadar	motion	buntha
tail	cola, rabo	rabo	body	warndi
that	ese/esa	esse	grammar	ngunthal	unique
thick	grueso, gordo, espeso	grosso	quality	ngungkumarnda	unique
thin	delgado	fino	quality	balya [plural -bura]
think	pensar	pensar	mental	wanyabarri	unique
this	este/esta	este	grammar	nhurdu
three	tres	tres	number	burrgu
throat	garganta	garganta	body	mira	unique
throw	tirar, lanzar	atirar, jogar	impact	ngayi
thunder	truenos	trovão	environment	woleberree	unique
tie up/fasten	atar, amarrar	amarrar	impact	janka(lgu)
tongue	lengua	lingua	body	yalhuru
tooth	diente	dente	body	yirra	inheritance
true	xx	xx	quality	thurrkurl
turn	girar, volter, torcer	virar	other	wagardarri (-gu)
two	dos	dois	number	gutharra
vomit	vomitar	vomitar	body	galgarl
walk	caminar, andar	andar	motion	jeena walki, wakye
water	agua	agua	environment	baba
wet	mojado	molhado	quality	manthi
what?	que, qué	que	grammar	nhala	unique
when?	cuando	quando	grammar	nhalawarra	unique
where?	donde	onde	grammar	wantharni
white	blanco	branco	colour	mirdamirda
who?	quien, quién	quem	grammar	ngana
wife	esposa	esposa	kinship	ngurranyu	unique
wind	viento	vento	environment	thurda
wing	ala	asa	body	marrirli
woman/female	mujer	mulher	human	manga
work	trabajar	trabalhar	other	(<English. + marni-)
yawn	bostezar	bocejar	body	jaama(gu)
yellow	amarillo	amarelo	colour	biyulu


1pl.excl
1pl.incl
1sg
2pl
2sg
3pl
3sg
above
again
all
and
ankle
armpit
ashamed
ashes
at
back
bad
be alive
belly
below
big
bite
black
blood
blow
blunt
bone
boomerang
breast
breathe
burn
chew
child
climb
cloud
cold
come
cook
count
cry
cut
die/be dead
dig
dingo/wolf
dirty
dream
drink
dry
dust
ear
earth/soil
eat
egg
eye
faeces
fall
far
fat/grease
father
fear
feather
fire
fish
flow
flower
fly
fog
foot
fruit
good
grow
hair (of head)
hand
head
hear
heavy
hide
hit
hit (with hand)
hold
how?
if
in/inside
intestines
itch
kill
know/be knowledgeable
lake
laugh
leaf
left/left hand
leg/foot
lie down
lightning
liver
long
louse
lung
man/male
meat/flesh
moon
mother
mouth
name
nape
near/close
neck
new
night
no/not
nose
old
one
open/uncover
other
person/human being
pimple
rain
red
right/right hand
road/path
roof
root
rotten
sand
say
scratch
see
sharp
shoot
short
shoulder
sick
sit
skin
sky
sleep
small
smell (tr/intr)
smoke
spit
split
squeeze
stab/pierce
stand
star
steal
stone
suck
sun
sweat
swell
swim
tail
that
thick
thin
think
this
three
throat
throw
thunder
tie up/fasten
tongue
tooth
true
turn
two
vomit
walk
water
wet
what?
when?
where?
white
who?
wife
wind
wing
woman/female
work
yawn
yellow

Showing 1 to 186 of 186 entries

Flora Fauna Vocabulary (138)

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English	Spanish	Portuguese	Semantic Field	Part of Speech	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

English	Spanish	Portuguese	Semantic Field	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Etymology Code	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Word Structure	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Food Source	Medicinal	Psychotropic	Traded
agile wallaby, river wallaby			flora-fauna	Macropus agilis			missing					missing	0	1	0	0	0
ant (generic)	hormiga	formiga	flora-fauna	Formicidae		yuŋkurrtyi	unique		goanna species in Pilbara, but that’s presumably a coincidence				0	0	0	0	0
ant (generic)	hormiga	formiga	flora-fauna		waruma		inheritance
Australian pelican			flora-fauna	Pelecanus conspicillatus		ŋurluwarnta	unique						0	0	0	0	0
Australian snubfin dolphin			flora-fauna	Orcaella heinsohnii			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
baler shell			flora-fauna	Melo amphora			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
bandicoot			flora-fauna	Peramelemorphia		kartukarli	inheritance						0	0	0	0	0
barn owl			flora-fauna	Tyto alba			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
barramundi			flora-fauna	Lates calcarifer			missing					missing	1	1	0	0	0
bat	murciélago	morcego	flora-fauna	Chiroptera spp		marrimarri	inheritance						0	1	0	0	0
bindii, caltrop			flora-fauna	Tribulus terrestris	kawiwarnta	kawiwarnta	loan direction unknown	Yindjibarndi					0	0	0	0	0
bird	pajaro, ave	passaro	flora-fauna			murla	semantic shift						0	0	0	0	0
bird	pajaro, ave	passaro	flora-fauna		murla		unique
black-breasted buzzard			flora-fauna	Hamirostra melanosternon			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
black-faced cuckoo-shrike			flora-fauna	Coracina novaehollandiae			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
black-headed python			flora-fauna	Aspidites melanocephalus			missing					missing	0	2	0	0	0
black-soil yam			flora-fauna	Ipomoea diamantinensis	mata	mata	loan	Pilbara				missing	0	1	0	0	0
bloodwood			flora-fauna	Eucalyptus (Corymbia) bleeseri	parlkarriŋu	parlkarriŋu	loan direction unknown	Yulparija					0	1	1	0	0
blowfly maggots			flora-fauna	Diptera, Sarcophagidae		kuthupulkura	unique						0	0	0	0	0
blowfly/housefly	mosca	mosca	flora-fauna	Diptera		purru	unknown						0	0	0	0	0
blowfly/housefly	mosca	mosca	flora-fauna		guthubulgura		unique
blue-tongue lizard			flora-fauna	Tiliqua species		thaliwarru	unique						0	1	0	0	0
blue-winged kookaburra			flora-fauna	Dacelo leachii		karrupurlu	unique						0	0	0	0	0
bluebone			flora-fauna	Choerodon cyanodus			missing					missing	0	1	0	0	0
brolga			flora-fauna	Grus rubicunda		ya:rnkarra	inheritance						1	0	0	0	0
brown goshawk			flora-fauna	Accipiter fasciatus			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
brush-tailed possum			flora-fauna	Trichosurus vulpecula		walampari	unique						0	1	0	0	0
bush cockroach			flora-fauna	(many species)	kumpukumpurra	kumpukumpurra	loan direction unknown			WW	%kumpurla		0	0	0	0	0
bush stone-curlew			flora-fauna	Burhinus grallarius		wilumarra	inheritance						1	0	0	0	0
bush tobacco			flora-fauna	Lobelia quadrangularis		pinkarrara	unique						0	0	0	1	0
bush turkey, Australian bustard			flora-fauna	Ardeotis australis		partura	inheritance						0	1	0	0	0
bush yam			flora-fauna	Vigna lanceolata var. lanceolata			missing					missing	0	1	2	0	1
butterfly, moth	mariposa	borboleta	flora-fauna	Lepidoptera			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
carpet snake			flora-fauna	Morelia spilota		puyura	unique						0	1	0	0	0
caterpillar			flora-fauna	Lepidoptera		paŋa	inheritance						0	0	0	0	0
catfish			flora-fauna	(many species)			missing					missing	0	1	0	0	0
centipede	ciempiés	centopéia	flora-fauna	Chilopoda, Myriapoda		minarraŋu	inheritance						0	0	0	0	0
channel-billed cuckoo			flora-fauna	Scythops novaehollandiae			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
crested pigeon			flora-fauna	Ocyphaps lophotes		winytyun	unique						0	0	0	0	0
darter/cormorant			flora-fauna	Anhinga melanogaster, Phalacrocorax species			missing					missing	0	1	0	0	0
death adder, five-minute snake			flora-fauna	Acanthophis praelongus		nyurna	inheritance						0	0	0	0	0
dingo			flora-fauna	Canis familiaris dingo		mutyira	inheritance						0	0	0	0	0
dog (camp, domestic)	perro	cachorro	flora-fauna	Canis familiaris		wanytya	inheritance						0	0	0	0	0
dog (camp, domestic)	perro	cachorro	flora-fauna		wanyja
duck	pato	pato, marreco	flora-fauna	Anatidae		ŋaranti	inheritance						0	1	0	0	0
dugong			flora-fauna	Dugon dugong		nyamina	inheritance						1	1	0	0	0
earthworm			flora-fauna	Annelida, Oligochaeta			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
emu			flora-fauna	Dromaius novaehollandiae		tyankurna	inheritance						2	1	2	0	0
fish (generic)	pez	peixe	flora-fauna			wakari	inheritance						0	1	0	0	0
flower			flora-fauna	(NA)		pirtipirti	semantic shift		butterfly				0	0	0	0	0
flying-fox (generic)			flora-fauna	(many species)		waramurruŋka	inheritance						0	0	0	0	0
freshwater crocodile			flora-fauna	Crocodylus johnstoni			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
freshwater mussel			flora-fauna	Velesunio wilsoni			missing					missing	0	1	0	0	0
freshwater prawn			flora-fauna	Macrobrachium rosenbergii			missing					missing	0	1	0	0	0
frill-necked lizard			flora-fauna	Chlamydosaurus kingii			missing					missing	0	1	0	0	0
frog (generic)			flora-fauna	(many species)			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
galah			flora-fauna	Eolophus roseicapilla	pilhaku	pilhaku	loan direction unknown			WW	%pilyaku		0	0	0	0	0
ghost gum			flora-fauna	Eucalyptus papuana (Corymbia bella)			missing					missing	2	0	1	0	0
goanna (generic) or sand goanna			flora-fauna	Varanus spp		waŋkarli	unique						0	1	2	0	0
grass	hierba, pasto	capim, grama	flora-fauna	(NA)		warrapa	inheritance						0	0	0	0	0
grass	hierba, pasto	capim, grama	flora-fauna		peela or peelan,worroba
grasshopper			flora-fauna	Orthoptera		watyapi	inheritance						0	0	0	0	0
great bowerbird			flora-fauna	Chlamydera nuchalis			missing					missing	1	0	0	0	0
green ant			flora-fauna	Oecophylla smaragdina			missing					missing	0	2	2	0	0
green sea turtle			flora-fauna	Chelonia mydas			missing					missing	1	1	0	0	0
green tree snake			flora-fauna	Dendrelaphis punctulata			missing					missing	0	2	0	0	0
head/body lice			flora-fauna	Pediculus capitis, Pediculus humanus		kulu	inheritance						0	0	0	0	0
horse	caballo	cavalho	flora-fauna	Equus caballus	yawarta	yawarta	loan			WW	%yawarta		0	0	0	0	0
hummingbird	colibrí, picaflor (Peru)	beija-flor	flora-fauna	Trochilidae			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
humpback whale			flora-fauna	Megaptera novaeangliae		kartarra	unique					missing	1	1	0	0	0
insect (generic)	insecto	insecto	flora-fauna	generic	pirna	pirna	unknown					underived	0	0	0	0	0
jabiru			flora-fauna	Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus			missing						0	0	0	0	0
jungle-fowl (scrub-fowl)			flora-fauna	Megapodius freycinet			missing					missing	0	1	0	0	0
kangaroo (generic)			flora-fauna	Macropodidae	maŋkuru	maŋkuru	loan direction unknown	Nyangumarta					2	1	0	0	0
kangaroo (generic)			flora-fauna		mangguru
land snail			flora-fauna	Gastropoda			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
magpie goose			flora-fauna	Anseranas semipalmata		warnturla	semantic shift?						0	1	0	0	0
military dragon			flora-fauna	Ctenophorus isolepis, Diporiphora spp., Lophognathus spp.			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
mosquito	mosquito, zancudo	mosquito, carapana	flora-fauna	Anopheles spp, Isoptera		kumirn	inheritance						0	0	0	0	0
mud wasp, hornet			flora-fauna	(many species)			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
native bee			flora-fauna	(many species)		wanpari	inheritance						0	0	0	0	0
native cat			flora-fauna	Dasyurus		marrtyuru	unique						0	0	0	0	0
northern brown bandicoot			flora-fauna	Isoodon macrourus			missing					missing	0	1	0	0	0
northern kurrajong			flora-fauna	Brachychiton diversifolius			missing					missing	0	1	0	0	0
nut tree			flora-fauna	Terminalia grandifolia			missing					missing	0	1	0	0	0
octopus			flora-fauna	Octopus australis			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
pandanus palm			flora-fauna	Pandanus spiralis			missing					missing	1	1	0	0	1
paperbark			flora-fauna	Melaleuca sericea, Melaleuca stenostachya			missing					missing	0	0	1	0	0
peaceful dove			flora-fauna	Geopelia placida			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
pearlshell			flora-fauna	Pinctada spp			missing					missing	1	1	0	0	1
peewee			flora-fauna	Gryllina cyanoleuca		yilinpirrira	inheritance						0	0	0	0	0
pied butcherbird			flora-fauna	Cracticus nigrogularis	kurrparu	kurrparu	loan direction unknown		WW	WW	%kurrparu		0	0	0	0	0
pike eel			flora-fauna	Muraenesox arabicus		pirtanhu	unique					missing	0	1	0	0	0
praying mantis, stick insects	mantis religiosa	louva-a-deus	flora-fauna	Mantodea			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
prickle bush			flora-fauna	Sclerolaena bicornis			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
quail (generic)			flora-fauna	Coturnix species, Turnix species			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
red river gum			flora-fauna	Eucalyptus camaldulensis		wirraŋkura	inheritance						2	0	1	0	1
red-tailed black-cockatoo			flora-fauna	Calyptorhynchus banksi			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
riflefish, archerfish			flora-fauna	Toxotes chatareus			missing					missing	0	1	0	0	0
river mangrove			flora-fauna	Aegicera corniculatum			missing					missing	0	0	2	0	1
rock fig			flora-fauna	Ficus brachypoda		winyarraŋu	inheritance						0	1	0	0	0
sacred kingfisher			flora-fauna	Todiramphus sancta			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
saltwater crocodile			flora-fauna	Crocodylus porosus			missing					missing	2	2	0	0	0
saltwater mussel			flora-fauna	Mytilidae			missing					missing	0	1	0	0	0
sawfish			flora-fauna	Pristis pectinata			missing					missing	1	0	0	0	0
scorpion	escorpión; alacran	escorpião	flora-fauna	Arachnida, Scorpiones		karlantya	inheritance						0	0	0	0	0
shark (generic)			flora-fauna	Selachimorpha			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
shell (generic)			flora-fauna		pirrapirra	pirrapirra	loan with meaning change						0	1	0	0	1
short-beaked echidna			flora-fauna	Tachyglossus aculeatus	tyiripuka	tyiripuka	loan		tyiri prickle				0	2	0	0	0
snake (generic)	culebra, serpiente	cobra	flora-fauna				missing					missing	0	1	0	0	0
snake (generic)	culebra, serpiente	cobra	flora-fauna		warlu
snappy gum			flora-fauna	Eucalyptus brevifolia	malykan	malykan	loan direction unknown						0	0	1	0	0
spider	araña	aranha	flora-fauna	Arachnida, Araneae		kanparr	inheritance						0	0	0	0	0
spider	araña	aranha	flora-fauna		ganbarr
spinifex			flora-fauna	Triodia species	paru	paru	loan direction unknown			WW	%paru		0	0	2	0	0
spoonbills (yellow-billed spoonbill, black-billed spoonbill)			flora-fauna	Platalea flavipes, Platalea regia			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
stingray (generic)	rayas látigo, raya	arraia	flora-fauna	Dasyatidae		pilaŋara	unique						0	1	0	0	0
stripe-faced dunnart			flora-fauna	Sminthopsis macroura			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
sugarbag wax			flora-fauna			pulka	inheritance						1	1	0	0	0
sulphur-crested cockatoo			flora-fauna	Cacatua galerita		pirtirra	inheritance						0	0	0	0	0
swamp eel			flora-fauna	Ophisternon gutturale			missing					missing	0	1	0	0	0
swamp leech			flora-fauna	Annelida, Hirudinea			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
tawny frogmouth			flora-fauna	Podargus strigoides		thuli	inheritance						0	0	0	0	0
termite mounds, ant hills			flora-fauna	Isoptera		muŋku	inheritance						0	0	0	0	0
termites, white-ants	comején (Peru), termitas	cupim	flora-fauna	(many species)		manthu	inheritance						0	0	0	0	0
ti-tree			flora-fauna	Melaleuca bracteata		kurlipirn	unique						0	0	1	0	0
tick	garrapata	carrapato	flora-fauna	Arachnida, Acarina		pina	unknown						0	0	0	0	0
tiger shark			flora-fauna	Galeocerdo cuvier			missing					missing	0	0	0	0	0
torresian crow			flora-fauna	Corvus orru		wakurra	inheritance						0	0	0	0	0
tree	árbol	arvore	flora-fauna	(NA)		warnta	inheritance						0	0	0	0	0
tree	árbol	arvore	flora-fauna		warnda
turtle (generic)			flora-fauna	(many species)		thatharruka	inheritance						0	1	0	0	0
waterlily			flora-fauna	Nymphaea macrosperma		martuwari	unique						0	1	2	0	0
wattle			flora-fauna	Acacia difficilis		yirriŋan	semantic shift?						0	0	1	0	1
wedge-tailed eagle			flora-fauna	Aquila audax		wanpaŋu	unique						1	0	0	0	0
willie wagtail			flora-fauna	Rhipidura leucophrys	tyirrityirri	tyirrityirri	loan direction unknown		WW	WW	%tyirrikik	reduplicated	1	0	0	0	0
witchetty grub			flora-fauna	(many species)		parti	inheritance						0	1	2	0	0
woma			flora-fauna	Aspidites ramsayii			missing					missing	0	1	0	0	0

Showing 1 to 138 of 138 entries

Cultural Vocabulary (111)

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English	Spanish	Portuguese	Semantic Field	Part of Speech	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source

English	Spanish	Portuguese	Semantic Field	Orthographic Form	Etymology Code	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	General Notes
afterworld, land of dead, Heaven	tierra do los muertos	terra dos mortos	culture-mythology		missing
armband			dress		missing
awl			subsistence tool		missing
axe/stone axe	hacha (de piedra)	machado (de pedra)	subsistence tool	katyu	doubtful inheritance
bag (string)			culture-material		missing
bait for fishing	cebo, carnada para pescar, empate (Peru)	isca	subsistence tool		missing
basket (general)	canasta, canasto, cesta	cesto	culture-material		missing
body feather decorations			culture-mythology		missing
boomerang (number 7)			subsistence tool		missing
boomerang (small)			subsistence tool		missing
boomerang/throwing stick (generic)			subsistence tool	wirrpa	doubtful inheritance
bottle	botella	garrafa	acculturation	patulpa	loan	English	WW	bottle
bottom grinding stone			manufacture	majarra
bowl (coolamon)			culture-material	thartu	inheritance
broom	escoba	vassoura	culture-material	warlikalpuhtharri	unique
canoe	canoa	canoa	transport	maŋarr	unique
cat	gato	gato	acculturation	putyi	loan	English	WW	cat
chicken	gallina	galinha	acculturation		missing
cicatrice			culture-mythology		missing
clapsticks			culture-mythology		missing
clothing	ropa	roupa	culture-mythology	wara	doubtful loan
club (nulla-nulla)			subsistence tool	wana	inheritance
cook food			food	kampa	inheritance
cook in earth oven			food		missing
corpse			food		missing
damper			food	martumpirri	loan direction unknown		WW	%martumpirri
dance (generic)			culture-mythology	ŋurruŋurru	unique
digging stick			subsistence tool	binkubuntharri warnda	unique
digging stick			subsistence tool	binkubuntharri warnda	unique
dipper (small coolamon)			subsistence tool		missing
dream	sueño, soñar	sonho, sonhar	culture-mythology	maŋkan	unique
dreaming			culture-mythology	thalu	inheritance
drone pipe			culture-mythology	ŋaripi	unique
earth oven			food	yapan	loan direction unknown	areal
fire drill			subsistence tool	pirtutyula	unique
fire-saw			other	tyiluŋarta	inheritance
fireplace	hogar	lareira	other		missing
firewood	leña	lenha	other	thama	doubtful inheritance
fish (with fish-poison)	pescar con barbasco, barbasquear	pescar com timbó; tinguijar	food		missing
fish (with line)	anzuelear, pescar con linea	pescar (com linha)	food		missing
fish (with spear)			food		missing
fish poison	barbasco, matapez (Colombia)	timbó	subsistence tool	kawiwarnta	inheritance
fishing line	cordel/cuerda p/ pescar, sedal, tanze	linha de pesca	subsistence tool		missing
fishtrap (permanent)			subsistence tool	thayakupu	unique
fishtrap (woven)			subsistence tool		missing
flour (bush)			food		missing
flour (European)			food		missing
game animal	caza, animal de caza	caça, animal de caça	food	murla	inheritance
ghost (of dead person)/evil spirit	espíritu malo, espíritu maligno, fantasma, demonio	espirito	culture-mythology	warruka	unique
glue			subsistence tool		missing
grave	tumba, sepultura, sepulcro	sepultura, sepulcro, cova	culture-mythology	thuŋkari	inheritance
grog			food	kari	semantic shift		WW	%kari
gun	arma, escopeta	espingarda, fusil	acculturation	tyilaman	loan	Kriol	WW	%tyilaman
hair belt			dress	purruru	unique				also ngarirri, shared with Nyangumarta
hat	sombero	chapéu	dress	tyaŋkurru	loan direction unknown
headband			dress	karliwara	unique
healer	curandero	benzador, curandeiro, kumu (Tukano)	culture-mythology	maparnkalara, maparnkarra	loan direction unknown		WW	%maparn
honey	miel	mel	food	malhaŋarra	unique
house			other	mirdu	unknown
house (European)			other	ŋurra	semantic shift
hunt	cazar	caçar	food	wiyanu	inheritance
initiation (circumcision)			culture-mythology		missing
initiation (circumcision)			culture-mythology	para	loan		WW	%para
knife	cuchillo	faca	culture-material	nhayipa (<Eŋlish.)	loan	English
loincloth	taparrabos, guayuco, pampanilla	tanga, tapa-sexo	dress	kayirr-wara	unique
love song			culture-mythology		missing
mangrove raft			transport		missing
medicine			narcotics		missing
message stick			culture-mythology		missing
mortar	mortero	pilão	subsistence tool	matyarra	loan direction unknown
net			subsistence tool	thakurra	inheritance				also parruparru, turtle net, which is a loan
nosepeg			other	mulyayirta	unique
ochre			culture-mythology	piyulu	inheritance
paddle/oar	remo	remo	transport		missing
paint body, body paint	pintura corporal	pintura corporal	culture-mythology		missing
paper	papel	papel	acculturation	mirlimirli	loan	English	WW	%milimili
pestle	pilón, mano de mortero, mazo, moledor	mão de pilão	subsistence tool		missing
pipe for tobacco	pipa	cachimbo	other		missing
policeman	polícia	policía	acculturation	marntamaraŋka	loan direction unknown
public song cycle			culture-mythology		missing
red paint			culture-mythology	martarr	inheritance
resin	resina, brea, copal	resina, brea, breu	subsistence tool	pulka	doubtful inheritance
rope/string	mecate, cuerda, soga	corda	culture	binyjura	unique
salt	sal	sal	food	tyintharr	doubtful inheritance
school	escuela	escola	acculturation		missing
shelter (native)			other	mirtu	loan direction unknown
shoes	zapatos	sapatos	dress	tyutyiku	loan
skirt	falda, saya, fustan, pollera	saia	culture-material		missing
song (for entertainment)			culture-mythology		missing
song (generic)	canción, canto	canção	culture-mythology	kunaŋu	doubtful inheritance
spear	lanza	lança	subsistence tool	kurrtyarta	inheritance
spear	lanza	lança	subsistence tool	gurrjarda	loan
spear (fighting)			subsistence tool		missing
spear (fishing)			subsistence tool		missing
spearthrower			subsistence tool	warlparra	loan
spearthrower			subsistence tool	meero
speartip			subsistence tool	kurrpiny	inheritance
spirit child			culture-mythology		missing
string (from hair)			culture-material	mirrityi	loan direction unknown
string (from vine)			culture-material		missing
sugar			acculturation	kuntharu	unique
tea			food	tyiyi (<Eŋlish.)	loan	English	WW	tea
tobacco (European)			narcotics	ŋamari	semantic shift
tobacco (native)			narcotics	pulku	inheritance
top grinding stone	metate, mano; piedra de moler	metate, mano	manufacture	barruru	unique
tree coffin			culture-mythology		missing
wax	cera	cera	other	pulka	inheritance
white paint			culture-mythology	tyilpa	unique?
windbreak			other	wuŋku	inheritance
winnow	aventar, tirar (sementes)	joeirar	manufacture	waribi(-lgu)	unique
yandy (n)			culture-material	thartu	inheritance

Showing 1 to 111 of 111 entries

Ethnographic Information

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Current Population (speakers)	Former Population Estimate	Subsistence Preference	Density	Sedentism	Ecotome	Marriage Pattern	Notes	Source
	medium	HG	medium	mobile		unknown

Showing 1 to 1 of 1 entries