Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

stand

Semantic Field: state
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: estar de pié
Meaning Portuguese: ficar em pé

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Loan Source	General Notes	Source
Aché		kuãʔã		inheritance			See Language page
Aguaruna	tajíit	taxi:t		unique			See Language page
Akawaio	ekmɨzakkang	ɛʔmɨ'zaʔkaŋ		unique	Shared Pemon		See Language page
Andoke	na'	naʔ		unique			See Language page
Apalai	xikihme	xikihme		unique			See Language page
Arabana	tharka-			inheritance
Araona		neti				Tacn form is neti-, a position morpheme.	See Language page
Ashuar	wajáktin	waxaktin					See Language page
Ayoreo		i'yageʔ					See Language page
Baniwa	hiníko, hótshome, éema	hiníko, hótshome, éema		unknown			See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	wo-lā'-ho 'standing up” 215			loan
Barasano	rɨ̃gṍ-	rɨ̃gṍ-					See Language page
Bardi	gandarr ?	kandarr ?		inheritance
Bará		dɨ̃'kɨ̃, wɨ̃'bɨ̃dɨ̃kã					See Language page
Barí		bikigbisaa				Colombia: 'bisəkaynə.	See Language page
Baure	šom	ʃom		inheritance			See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	wyny” (sg)			inheritance
Bora	íxʸokʰḯḯβe, kʷaaméne, kʷámenéʔkʰï, kʷámenééβe	íxʲokʰɯ́ɯ́βɛ, kʷaamέnɛ, kʷámɛnέʔkʰɯ, kʷámɛnέέβɛ		unique			See Language page
Bunuba	wara-			inheritance
Burarra	-jirra			loan	Yolngu
Cahuilla	-wewen-			inheritance			S&H 1979
Camsa	xotsajána	xotsajána					See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra	xiyámaama	hiyámaama		unique			See Language page
Canela		kaho				Jê form is ka-zo.	See Language page
Carapana	'dũkũ-	'dũkũ-					See Language page
Carijona	etunutənə (be standing)			unique			See Language page
Cavineña	neti-ya; neti-cora- (G71)	neti-ya; neti-cora- (G71)		inheritance			See Language page
Cayuvava		ra-pɨ'ǰɨ-a; -ne; ɲe-tui				Latter two forms mean 'to stand it up, lift up and set up on feet'.	See Language page
Central Aymara	sayt´asiña	saytˀa-ɲa					See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	ha/ch:-ych:y-			inheritance
Cha'palaa		'ui'di-nu					See Language page
Chemehuevi	wyny/ (sg),			inheritance
Chipaya		apatatš; c̷ʰits-					See Language page
Chiriguano		(a)ᵐbo-ǰeᵐboɨ; (a)ǰeᵐboɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		#NAME?					See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	shu-junto-nown “he makes it stand”			inheritance			Beeler 1976:263
Chumash Cruzeno	kHakan “parado” 7alakHaka “el sta/ parado”			inheritance			JPH
Chumash Ineseno	kuta7 “stand up”			unknown			A 81
Chumash Obispeno	necha, netYa 0123L			inheritance			JPH
Chumash Ventureno	tynyn			unknown			JPH
Chácobo	nii-; ni-	nii-; ni-		inheritance			See Language page
Cocopa	p7a:, wayk, ya:w			inheritance
Cofán	ccutsuye	khɯtsɯjɛ				phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	wyny7ity			inheritance
Cubeo	núcʉ	núkɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Cuiva		únkua	ponerse en pie, de pie, stand				Huber & Reed 1992:289
Cupeño	hiwe	[hiwə]		unknown
Desano	dĩgĩ-	dĩgĩ-		inheritance			See Language page
Dhangu	dhärra			inheritance
Dhuwal	birr
Dhuwala	birr			unknown
Diyari	tharrka-			inheritance
DiyariREU	[missing]			missing
Djambarrpuyngu	birr
Djapu	birr			unknown
Djeoromitxi	tumĩ	tumĩ					See Language page
Djinang	djirrdji			inheritance
Dâw	kâát	kǝ̌t		inheritance			See Language page
Epena		akʰɨ nɨbee-; bai nɨbee-				Respectively: people; animals and things. Lit. 'stand-continue.do'.	See Language page
Ese Ejja		neki-; iya-sowa-		inheritance			See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	e-pi neti-kwe	e-pi neti-kwe					See Language page
Eñepa	-osan(-mɨ)(-mi) pika (IDS)	-osan(-mɨ)(-mi) pika (IDS)		unique			See Language page
Gabrielino	wove:, wovi:- “levantar”			unknown
Gajirrabeng	bare			unique	NJ
Gooniyandi	wara- be st; doorloog s. up			inheritance
Guayabero		nuk		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Gupapuyngu	birr			unknown
Gurindji	kutij karri-			loan	Jaminjung
Hodï		wã		unique			See Language page
Huambisa	wajaktasa	waxaktasa					See Language page
Hup	g’et-	g’et-		inheritance			See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	pehekwii, pehkwii	[pəxəˈkʷiˑ], [pəxˈkʷiˑ]		inheritance
Ingá	saiarii, pininai	saiarii, pininai					See Language page
Iquito	tacuuni	takuuni		unknown			See Language page
Itonama		wetaʔna; načoboʔna				yukˀetaʔna means 'cause to stand'.	See Language page
Jabirr-Jabirr	jarrajarra XXngl he is standing up	jarrajarra		inheritance
Jaru	baru nyina-			loan
Jawi	jidjeranja	jijerranya		inheritance
Kabiyari	patʃha	patʃha					See Language page
Kaingang	yɛ̃; yɛ̃ŋyɛ̃ (IDS)	yɛ̃; yɛ̃ŋyɛ̃					See Language page
Kakataibo		ni-; niru-ti				Panoan ni-.	See Language page
Kakua		ɲɨ̌ʔ		inheritance			See Language page
Kalapalo	tikai-	tikai-		unique			See Language page
Kanamarí	jahi	jahi	ficar em pé				Magalhães 2018:367
Karajarri	karrpila karri (4)			inheritance
Karajá		ɨni					See Language page
Kariña	awo(my)	awo(mɨ)	stand up; get up				Yamada 2010:721
Katukina		ni-					See Language page
Kawaiisu	wyny- SG			inheritance
Kija	that			loan	Ngarinyin
Kiliwa	ch7ii; yuw, 7iw “parado”			unknown
Kitanemuk	co7nyk			unknown
Kokama	ipama (stand up)	ipama		inheritance			See Language page
Koreguaje	canʉkamʉ, jʉvomʉ, vʉimʉ	kanʉkamʉ, xʉbomʉ, bʉimʉ		inheritance			See Language page
Kotiria	duku/-ruku	duʰku/-ɾuʰku		inheritance	E Tuk		See Language page
Kwazá	tsi-, tsice-, tsitɛkja-, ũ-	tsi-, tsice-, tsitɛkja-, ũ-					See Language page
Lake Miwok	ta/lah (of person or thing)			inheritance
Lengua		#NAME?					See Language page
Lokono	ajinamu-	ajinamu-	to stand, to rest				DeGoeje 1928:125
Luiseño	wi:ta- (singular subject)			unknown			Elliott
Maca		#NAME?					See Language page
Macaguan		nuk		inheritance	Proto-Guahiban		See Language page
Maidu	ty/s			unknown
Maihiki	nɨcayi	nɨkaji		inheritance			See Language page
Makuna	rʉ̃gõ-re	ɾɨ̃gõ-ɾe		inheritance			See Language page
Makushi	satti pe (IDS)	satti pe (IDS)		unique			See Language page
Malyangapa	[missing]			missing
Mandawaka	ema	ema					See Language page
Mangala	karingkaka!			inheritance
Mapudungun		wiṭ͡ʀa				Ranquel form is uṭ͡ʀa-.	See Language page
Minica Witoto	náida.i-de	náida.i-dɛ					See Language page
Miriwung	jad			loan	Ngarinyin
Mithaka	tarrkija			unique
Mocoví		n-ačah-ɲi				Lit. '3p actor-stand-down'.	See Language page
Mojave	iv'aw=, paly'oon= (stick up, stand)			inheritance
Mosetén-Chimané		oroikoh'kõi					See Language page
Movima	en-čeɬ	en-tʃeɬ					See Language page
Mudburra	kutij
Mudburra	kudi karri-			loan
Muinane	xúdʒééβe-ʔi	xúdʒέέβɛ-ʔi					See Language page
Muisca	quypquas zsquansuca	kuɨpkuas tʂskuansuka					See Language page
Murui Witoto	naida.i-de	naida.i-dɛ		inheritance			See Language page
Mutsun	lichchey- “to stand”			unknown			O77:114
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		gǝ̰:d					See Language page
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		gǝ̰:d		inheritance			See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	shayana, saquina	ʃajana, sakina					See Language page
Ngamini	tarka			inheritance
Ngandi	jaka-dhi			unique
Ngarluma	karri-ku
Ngumbarl	yalgoo, yaalgoo	<yalgoo, yaalgoo>		inheritance
Nheengatu	puãmu	puãmu		inheritance			See Language page
Nhirrpi	[missing]			missing
Ninam	ɨra (EM72)	ɨɾa		inheritance			See Language page
Nisenan	be:dok'oj			unknown
Nivaclé		-waȼewat	stand				https://ids.clld.org/
Northern Emberá	pi'radrɨ- (IDS)	pi'radrɨ- (IDS)					See Language page
Northern Mangarla	karri
Northern Nyangumarta	wararr karrinyi- (V1)			inheritance
Northern Paiute	wynny (sg),			inheritance			Thornes 03:316
Northern Sierra Miwok	hac:icyksy-,			inheritance
Nukak		ɲaʔ4		inheritance			See Language page
Nyangumarta	wararr karrinyi- (V1)			inheritance
Nyikina	yalgu	yalku		inheritance
Nyulnyul	yalk -n-	yalk -n-		inheritance
Nɨpode Witoto	náida.i-de	náida.i-dɛ					See Language page
Ocaina	nïïʔtʲa	nɯɯʔtʲa		inheritance			See Language page
Paakantyi	dha:rri_x001E_			inheritance
Paraguayan Guaraní		moɲeᵐboʔɨ; puʔã; ɲeᵐboʔɨ					See Language page
Paresi	tityoa	tityoa		inheritance			See Language page
Pemon	ekmɨsakkang (E1980)	ɛkmɨsaʔkaŋ (E1980)		unique	shared Akawaio		See Language page
Piapoco	bàlùanícawa (estar de pie continuamente)	bàlùanícawa (estar de pie continuamente)					See Language page
Piaroa	wi' hepui'nE ke'wɨ'	wiɁ hepuiɁnæ keɁwɨɁ		unknown			See Language page
Pilagá		ne-čaač-iɲi				Lit. '3pa-stand-down'.	See Language page
Pirriya	thinaangu			inheritance
Pitta-Pitta	tharrhka			inheritance
Plains Miwok	kuntu-, kuna-			unknown
Playero		atɨbɨjo únka (accent on the 'ɨ')					See Language page
Puinave	[-sok]	sok		unique			See Language page
Pumé	kʰia						See Language page
Páez	yosho	yosho					See Language page
Qawasqar		altḳa				Means 'get up/rise'. 'Standing' is arkaw, cf. 'up' 12.080. Bo, Gui record arkaw for Central QWS. Fi, Hy record arko for South QWS.	See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	sayay (CP94)	sajaj					See Language page
Rirratjingu	dha:ya, djingaryun
Ritharrngu	dhaarra			inheritance
Salinan A	eT'e:k (A),			unknown
Salinan M	eT'a/kox 'stand, remain, halt'			unknown			Mason 1918:140
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		apkitnimki nitiŋ					See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		neŋenmaykamˀ; neŋaʔneeykamˀ				Also akyeenaʔteem; ayemhoom; ayenmoom; akyetnama.	See Language page
Sanumá	ɨpa (EM72)	ɨpa		inheritance			See Language page
Secoya	dɨ̃'ka-je	dɨ̃'ka-je					See Language page
Selknam		ʔay					See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	caap “be standing”			unknown
Serrano	cOnu7-q			unknown
Shipibo-Konibo		ninati; niti; čaroti					See Language page
Sikuani		nú:ka		inheritance			See Language page
Siona	nëcaji	nɨkahi		inheritance			See Language page
Siriano	dĩ-	dĩ-					See Language page
Sirionó	huã; ɲumui; ɲuruã	huã; ɲumui; ɲuruã		inheritance			See Language page
Southern Paiute	wyn:y-S			inheritance
Southern Pastaza Quechua	shayarina	ʃajaɾina					See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	haHc-ngHe- “stand up”			inheritance
Southern Ute	wyny (sg), ju7wi (pl)			inheritance
Suyá	rɔtá	rɔtá					See Language page
Sáliva	ñiehbãjãha	ɲieʔbãhãʔa		unknown			See Language page
Tacana		neti-				Also means to be in a vertical position.	See Language page
Tanimuca	rĩkabã'ri-ri-ka	rĩkabã'ri-ri-ka		inheritance			See Language page
Tariana	éma	éma		inheritance			See Language page
Tatuyo	wã'bɨ-dɨkã	wã'bɨ-dɨkã					See Language page
Taushiro	i´nane	iʔnanɨ					See Language page
Tehuelche		'aʔyn-					See Language page
Tikuna	inachi [4, 5, 2]	inatʃi		unique			See Language page
Tiriyó	au(mu)	au(mu)		unique			See Language page
Toba		n-ačah-ɲi					See Language page
Trinitario		-kotpiʔeko (?)					See Language page
Trumai	ualala	ualala		unique			See Language page
Tukano	dũʔkũ-, mií wãʔko	dũʔkũ-, mií wãʔko		inheritance			See Language page
Tuyuka	dũ'kũ	dũ'kũ					See Language page
Tübatulabal	yywynn-yt, wynn-yt			inheritance
Tümpisa Shoshone	wyny”			inheritance
Urarina	dʒʉhʉ	tʃʉhʉ		unique			See Language page
Wai Wai	Φiiri awom-ko	Φiiri awom-ko		unique			See Language page
Waikhana	du'ku-	du'ku-					See Language page
Waimaja	duukú	duukú					See Language page
Walmajarri	karri-			inheritance
Wangkayutyuru	tharrka-			inheritance
Waorani	gõõ kæ			unique			See Language page
Wapishana	kʰadišitʰa-n	kʰadišitʰa-n		inheritance	Proto-Arawak		See Language page
Wappo	le/p-u:-khi7 (sg.)			unknown
Wari	tekiʔ pe, tekiʔ to	tekiʔ pe, tekiʔ to					See Language page
Warrwa	yalu jarran XXngl he is standing up	yalu jarran		inheritance
Washo	jali7			unknown			J177
Waurá	hɨžɨžɨkata	hɨžɨžɨkata		unknown			See Language page
Wayampi	-puʔã	-puʔã		inheritance			See Language page
Wayana	som -ka	som -ka		doubtful loan	Arawak		See Language page
Wayuu		ašaʔwaľa-waa					See Language page
Western Mono	wy/ny/-			inheritance
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		takasit				Cf. 'cease, stop' 14.280.	See Language page
Wintu	suke			loan into protolanguage
Wubuy	lha			loan
Yagua	rani	rani		unique			See Language page
Yaminahua		taɨ ni-kĩ				Lit. 'foot...'.	See Language page
Yan-nhangu	bamparra			inheritance
Yandruwandha	tanggu			unique
Yanomam	upra (EM72)	upɾa		inheritance			See Language page
Yanomami	upra-aɨ	upɾa-aɨ		inheritance			See Language page
Yarluyandi	[missing]			missing
Yavapai	kvskWi_: “standing”, vskWi/(:) “stand up”			inheritance
Yavitero	kac̷ia	katsia					See Language page
Yawarrawarrka	[missing]			missing
Yawuru	yalku +ni	yalku +ni		inheritance
Yine		tɨn-wa-ta				Piro-Apuriná form is tɨnwa-ta.	See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	wi:wel			inheritance			K 1963
Yokuts Yawdanchi	wo-wud			inheritance			K07:236
Yokuts Yowlumne	wo:wul			inheritance			N 1944 21
Yuhup	k’ed'	k’ed'		inheritance			See Language page
Yuki	ya,sh- (of a person)			inheritance			S&S 1984
Yuma	av7a/w H5:107			inheritance
Yuruti	'dṹkũũ-	'dṹkũũ-					See Language page


Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Andoke
Apalai
Arabana
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Barasano
Bardi
Bará
Barí
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Bunuba
Burarra
Cahuilla
Camsa
Candoshi-Shapra
Canela
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Cruzeno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Chácobo
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cuiva
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Dhuwala
Diyari
DiyariREU
Djambarrpuyngu
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gajirrabeng
Gooniyandi
Guayabero
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Iipay 'Aa
Ingá
Iquito
Itonama
Jabirr-Jabirr
Jaru
Jawi
Kabiyari
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kakua
Kalapalo
Kanamarí
Karajarri
Karajá
Kariña
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kija
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makuna
Makushi
Malyangapa
Mandawaka
Mangala
Mapudungun
Minica Witoto
Miriwung
Mithaka
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Mudburra
Muinane
Muisca
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngamini
Ngandi
Ngarluma
Ngumbarl
Nheengatu
Nhirrpi
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Mangarla
Northern Nyangumarta
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nukak
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Nɨpode Witoto
Ocaina
Paakantyi
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Pirriya
Pitta-Pitta
Plains Miwok
Playero
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Quechua Ayacuchano
Rirratjingu
Ritharrngu
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Sanumá
Secoya
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Siriano
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Suyá
Sáliva
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Tatuyo
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tikuna
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waikhana
Waimaja
Walmajarri
Wangkayutyuru
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Warrwa
Washo
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Wubuy
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yandruwandha
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yarluyandi
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawarrawarrka
Yawuru
Yine
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yowlumne
Yuhup
Yuki
Yuma
Yuruti

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