Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

Huambisa

Family: Chicham (Jivaroan)
Region: South America
ISO 639-3: hub
Location: -3.99°, -77.98°
Notes
Features: Basic Vocabulary
Flora Fauna Vocabulary
Cultural Vocabulary

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Data Sources: Jakway, Martha (recop.). 1987 (2nd.ed.). Vocabulario huambisa. Serie Lingüística peruana no. 24 Lima, ILV.

Basic Vocabulary (191)

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English	Spanish	Portuguese	Semantic Field	Part of Speech	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	General Notes	Source

English	Spanish	Portuguese	Semantic Field	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	General Notes	Source
1pl.excl	nosotros (exclusivo)	nós (exclusivo)	grammar				See Language page
1pl.incl	nosotros (inclusivo)	nós (inclusivo)	grammar	ii	i:	no inclusive/exclusive distinction unless noted	See Language page
1sg	yo	eu	grammar	wi	wi	For pronouns: include bound/cliticized pronominal forms where significantly different from the free forms	See Language page
2pl	ustedes	vocês	grammar	atum	atum		See Language page
2sg	xx	xx	grammar	ame	amɨ		See Language page
3pl	ellos/ellas	eles/elas	grammar	nita	nita		See Language page
3sg	el/ella	ele/ela	grammar	nii	ni:		See Language page
above	encima, arriba	acima	location	paatatek	pa:tatɨk		See Language page
again	de nuevo, otra vez	de novo	grammar	atak	atak		See Language page
all	todo	todos	other	ashi	aʃi		See Language page
and	y	e	grammar				See Language page
ankle	tobillo	tornozelo	body				See Language page
armpit	axila, sobaco	axila	body	tsukap	tsukap		See Language page
ash	ceniza(s)	cinzas	environment	pushurin	puʃurin		See Language page
at	en, a	em, a	location				See Language page
back	espalda	costas	body	tuntup, sunturi	tuntup, sunturi		See Language page
bad	mal	mal	quality	pegkerchau	peŋkertʃau		See Language page
bark	corteza	casca	environment	saepe	saɨpɨ		See Language page
belly	barriga	barriga	body	tantan	tantan		See Language page
below	abajo, debajo	abaixo	location	nugkan	nuŋkan		See Language page
big	grande	grande	quality	uun	u:n		See Language page
bite	morder	morder	body	esaittsa	ɨsaittsa		See Language page
black	negro	preto	colour	mukusa	mukusa		See Language page
blood	sangre	sangue	body	numpa	numpa		See Language page
blow	soplar	soprar	body	umpuartasa	umuartasa		See Language page
boil/pimple	espinilla, granos	espinha, borbulha	body	kuaktasa	kuaktasa		See Language page
bone	hueso	osso	body	ukunch	ukuntʃ		See Language page
breast	pecho, seno	peito	body	netsep	nɨtsɨp		See Language page
breathe	respirar	respirar	body	mayatasa	majatasa		See Language page
burn	quemar	queimar	environment	apeatasa	apɨatasa		See Language page
chew	masticar, mascar	mastigar	body	nawatsa	nawatsa		See Language page
child	niño, niña	criança	human	uchi/nuwach	utʃi/nuwatʃ		See Language page
climb	subir	subir	motion	wakatasa	wakatasa		See Language page
cloud	nube	nuvem	environment	yuragkim	juraŋgkim		See Language page
cold	frío	frio	quality	tsetsek	tsɨtsɨk		See Language page
come	venir	vir	motion	winitsa (Spanish loan?)	winitsa		See Language page
cook	cocinar	cozinhar	impact	inarkatsa	inarkatsa		See Language page
correct/true	verdad, de veras	verdade	quality	nekas	nɨkas		See Language page
count	contar	contar	mental	nekapnatsa	nɨkapnatsa		See Language page
cry	llorar	chorar	mental	uutasa	u:tasa		See Language page
cut/hack	cortar	cortar	impact	tsupiktasa	tsupiktasa		See Language page
day	día	dia	time	tsawan	tsawan		See Language page
die/be dead	morir	morrer	state	jatasa	xatasa		See Language page
dig	cavar	cavar	impact	taumratsa	taumratsa		See Language page
dingo/wolf			fauna	wagkanim	waŋgkanim		See Language page
dirty	sucio	sujo	quality	wapik	wapik		See Language page
dream	soñar	sonhar	mental	karamratsa	karamratsa		See Language page
drink	beber, tomar	beber	body	umartasa	umartasa		See Language page
dry	seco	seco	quality	jujuktin	xuxuktin		See Language page
dull/blunt	sin filo, mocho, desafilado, embotado, romo	maçante, desamolado, não afiado	quality	wapushmamu	wapuʃmamu		See Language page
dust	polvo	poeira	environment	juyuimri	xujumri		See Language page
ear	oreja	orelha	body	kuish	kuiʃ		See Language page
earth/soil	tierra	terra	environment	nugka	nuŋgka		See Language page
eat	comer	comer	body	yuatsa	juatsa		See Language page
egg	huevo	ovo	fauna	nujin	nuxin		See Language page
eye	ojo	olho	body	ji	xi		See Language page
faeces	heces, mierda, excremento, estiércol	fezes	body	ija	ixa		See Language page
fall	caer	cair	motion	iyartasa	ijartasa		See Language page
far	lejos	longe	quality	ika	ika		See Language page
fat/grease	grasa	gordura	body	kuntut	kuntut		See Language page
father	padre, papá	pai	kinship	apa	apa		See Language page
fear	miedo	medo	mental	sapij	sapix		See Language page
feather	pluma	pena	fauna	ure	urɨ		See Language page
fingernail	uña	unha	body	nanchik	nantʃik		See Language page
fire	fuego	fogo	environment	jii	xi:		See Language page
flow	fluir	fluir	motion				See Language page
flower	flor	flor	environment	yagkur	jaŋkur		See Language page
fly	volar	voar	motion	nanaktasa	nanaktasa		See Language page
fog	niebla, neblina	nevoeira, bruma, neblina	environment				See Language page
foot	pie	pé	body	nawe	nawɨ		See Language page
fruit	fruta	fruta	flora	nere	nɨrɨ		See Language page
good	bueno	bom	quality	pegker, shir	pɨŋgkɨr, ʃir		See Language page
green	verde	verde	quality	wigka	wiŋgka		See Language page
grow	crecer	crescer	state	uunmartasa	u:nmartasa		See Language page
hair (of head)	cabello	cabelo	body	wiich (men´s), intash (women´s)	wi:tʃ, intaʃ		See Language page
hand	mano	mão	body	ujej	uxɨx		See Language page
head	cabeza	cabeça	body	muuke	mu:kɨ		See Language page
hear	oír	ouvir	mental	antuktasa	antuktasa		See Language page
heart	corazón	coração	body	enentai	ɨnɨntai		See Language page
heavy	pesado	pesado	quality	kijin	kixin		See Language page
hide	esconder	esconder	motion	umkatsa	umkatsa		See Language page
hit	golpear, pegar	bater	impact	awatasa	awatasa		See Language page
hold	correr, asegurar, sostener	segurar	other	emetnatsa	ɨmɨtnatsa		See Language page
hot	caliente	quente	quality	nimpaaru	nimpa:ru		See Language page
how?	como	como	grammar	itursampa	itursampa		See Language page
if	si	se	grammar	ee	ɨ:		See Language page
in/inside	dentro, adentro	dentro	location	init	init		See Language page
intestines	intestinos	intestinos	body	amuj	amux		See Language page
itch	hormiguear, sentir comezón	coçar	body	teremurkatsa	tɨrɨmurkatsa		See Language page
kill	matar	matar	impact	maatsa	ma:tsa		See Language page
know/be knowledgeable	saber, conecer	saber, conhecer	mental	yachamartasa	jatʃamartasa		See Language page
lake	lago	lago	environment	kucha (Quechua loan?)	kutʃa		See Language page
laugh	reír	rir	mental	wishirtasa	wiʃirtasa		See Language page
leaf	hoja	folha	environment	nuka	nuka		See Language page
left/left hand	izquierdo	esquerdo	location/body	menam	mɨnam		See Language page
leg/foot	pierna	perna	body	maku	maku		See Language page
lie down	acostarse, echarse	deitar	motion	tepestasa	tɨpɨstasa		See Language page
lightning	rayo, relámpago	relampago	environment	peem	pɨ:m		See Language page
live/be alive	vivir	viver, morar	body	pujustasa	puxustasa		See Language page
liver	hígado	figado	body	akap	akap		See Language page
long	largo	comprido, longo	quality	asaram	asaram		See Language page
louse	piollo, piojo	piolho	fauna	tema	tɨma	order Phtiraptera	See Language page
lung	pulmón	pulmão	body	suwach	suwatʃ		See Language page
man/male	hombre	homem	human	ashmag	aʃmaŋg		See Language page
meat/flesh	carne	carne	fauna	namag	namaŋg		See Language page
moon	luna	lua	environment	nantu	nantu		See Language page
mother	madre, mamá	mãe	kinship	nuku	nuku		See Language page
mountain/hill	montaña, colina, loma, cerro	morro, serra	environment	ikam	ikam		See Language page
mouth	boca	boca	body	wene	wɨnɨ		See Language page
name	nombre	nome	human	naari	na:ri		See Language page
nape	base del cuello, nuca	nuca	body	yasuch	jasutʃ		See Language page
near/close	cerca de	perto	quality	ijus	ixus		See Language page
neck	cuello	pescoço	body	yasuch	jasutʃ		See Language page
new	nuevo	novo	quality	yamaram	jamaram		See Language page
night	noche	noite	time	suwe	suwɨ		See Language page
no/not	no	não	grammar	atsa	atsa		See Language page
nose	nariz	nariz	body	nuji	nuxi		See Language page
old	viejo	velho	quality	arut	arut		See Language page
one	uno	um	number	chikichik	tʃikitʃik		See Language page
open/uncover	abrir	abrir	other	uraitsa	uraitsa		See Language page
other	otro	outro	grammar	chikich	tʃikitʃ		See Language page
pain/painful/sick	dolor, doloroso, enfermo	dor, doloroso, doente	body	jatasa	xatasa		See Language page
person/human being	persona	pessoa	human	shuar	ʃuar		See Language page
pound/beat	machacar, golpear	bater	impact	chanuatsa, namuktasa	tʃanuatsa, namuktasa		See Language page
rain	lluvia	chuva	environment	yumi	jumi		See Language page
red	rojo	vermelho	colour	kapantin	kapantin		See Language page
right/right hand	derecha	direita	location/body	chuuram	tʃu:ram		See Language page
road/path	camino	caminho	manufacture	jinta	xinta		See Language page
root	raíz	raiz	flora	kagkap	kaŋgkap		See Language page
rotten	podrido	podre	quality	kauru	kauru		See Language page
sand	arena	areia	environment	yaikim	jaikim		See Language page
say	decir	dizer	mental	titasa, tamu, tuta	titasa, tamu, tuta		See Language page
scratch	rascar	rasgar	impact	naunchikiatsa	nauntʃikiatsa		See Language page
see	ver	ver	mental	iistasa	i:stasa		See Language page
sharp	afilado, filudo, filoso	afiado	quality	tsakatskatu	tsakatskatu		See Language page
shoot	tirar, disparar, balear	atirar	impact	ipatasa	ipatasa		See Language page
short	corto	curto	quality	sutar	sutar		See Language page
shoulder	hombro	ombro	body	ashmag	aʃmaŋ		See Language page
shy/ashamed	tímido, vergonzoso	timido, com vergonha	mental	natsamin	natsamin		See Language page
sit	sentar(se)	sentar	state	ekemsatasa	ɨkɨmsatasa		See Language page
skin	piel	pele	body	nuap	nuap		See Language page
sky	cielo	céu	environment	nayaim	najaim		See Language page
sleep	dormir	dormir	body	kanartasa	kanartasa		See Language page
small	pequeño	pequeno	quality	shitapach	ʃitapatʃ		See Language page
smoke	humo	fumaça	environment	mukuintu	mukuintu		See Language page
sniff/smell	olfatear, oler	cheirar	body	nekapratsa	nɨkapratsa	primarily transitive	See Language page
spit	escupir	cuspir	body	usuikmatsa	usuikmatsa		See Language page
split	partir, dividir	rachar, dividir, partir	impact	akankatsa	akankatsa		See Language page
squeeze	estrujar, exprimir	espremer	impact	ijurtasa	ixurtasa		See Language page
stab/pierce	apuñalar, acuchillar	apunhalar	impact				See Language page
stand	estar de pié	ficar em pé	state	wajaktasa	waxaktasa		See Language page
star	estrella	estrela	environment	yaa	ja:		See Language page
steal	robar	roubar	other	kasamkatsa	kasamkatsa		See Language page
stick/wood	palo	pau, vara	flora	numi	numi		See Language page
stone	piedra	pedra	environment	kaya	kaja		See Language page
suck	chupar	chupar	body	mukunatsa	mukunatsa		See Language page
sun	sol	sol	time	etsa	ɨtsa		See Language page
sweat	sudar	suor, suar	body	seartasa	sɨartasa		See Language page
swell	hincharse	inchar	body				See Language page
swim	nadar	nadar	motion	yukuktasa	jukuktasa		See Language page
tail	cola, rabo	rabo	body	ujuke	uxukɨ		See Language page
that	ese/esa	esse	grammar	nu	nu		See Language page
thick	grueso, gordo, espeso	grosso	quality	kanteku	kantɨku		See Language page
thin	delgado	fino	quality	tseser	tsɨrɨr		See Language page
think	pensar	pensar	mental	enetaimatsa	ɨnɨtaimatsa		See Language page
this	este/esta	este	grammar	ju	xu		See Language page
three	tres	tres	number	menain	mɨnain		See Language page
throat	garganta	garganta	body	sue	suɨ		See Language page
throw	tirar, lanzar	atirar, jogar	impact	eketkatasa	ɨkɨtkatasa		See Language page
thunder	truenos	trovão	environment	ipamat	ipamat		See Language page
tie up/fasten	atar, amarrar	amarrar	impact	jigkatsa	xiŋkatsa		See Language page
tongue	lengua	lingua	body	inai	inai		See Language page
tooth	diente	dente	body	nai	nai		See Language page
turn	girar, volter, torcer	virar	other	ayantratsa	ajantratsa	may be transitive or intransitive	See Language page
two	dos	dois	number	jimar	ximar		See Language page
vomit	vomitar	vomitar	body	imaktasa	imaktasa		See Language page
walk	caminar, andar	andar	motion	wetasa	wɨtasa		See Language page
water	agua	agua	environment	entsa	ɨntsa		See Language page
wet	mojado	molhado	quality	chupitin	tʃupitin		See Language page
what?	que, qué	que	grammar	wari	wari		See Language page
when?	cuando	quando	grammar	urutia	urutia		See Language page
where?	donde	onde	grammar	tui	tui		See Language page
white	blanco	branco	colour	puju	puxu		See Language page
who?	quien, quién	quem	grammar	ya	ja		See Language page
wife	esposa	esposa	kinship	nuwe	nuwɨ		See Language page
wind	viento	vento	environment	nase	nasɨ		See Language page
wing	ala	asa	body	nanap	nanap		See Language page
woman/female	mujer	mulher	human	nuwa	nuwa		See Language page
work	trabajar	trabalhar	other	takastasa	takastasa		See Language page
yawn	bostezar	bocejar	body	mayairuktasa	majairuktasa		See Language page
yellow	amarillo	amarelo	colour	yagku	jaŋgku		See Language page


1pl.excl
1pl.incl
1sg
2pl
2sg
3pl
3sg
above
again
all
and
ankle
armpit
ash
at
back
bad
bark
belly
below
big
bite
black
blood
blow
boil/pimple
bone
breast
breathe
burn
chew
child
climb
cloud
cold
come
cook
correct/true
count
cry
cut/hack
day
die/be dead
dig
dingo/wolf
dirty
dream
drink
dry
dull/blunt
dust
ear
earth/soil
eat
egg
eye
faeces
fall
far
fat/grease
father
fear
feather
fingernail
fire
flow
flower
fly
fog
foot
fruit
good
green
grow
hair (of head)
hand
head
hear
heart
heavy
hide
hit
hold
hot
how?
if
in/inside
intestines
itch
kill
know/be knowledgeable
lake
laugh
leaf
left/left hand
leg/foot
lie down
lightning
live/be alive
liver
long
louse
lung
man/male
meat/flesh
moon
mother
mountain/hill
mouth
name
nape
near/close
neck
new
night
no/not
nose
old
one
open/uncover
other
pain/painful/sick
person/human being
pound/beat
rain
red
right/right hand
road/path
root
rotten
sand
say
scratch
see
sharp
shoot
short
shoulder
shy/ashamed
sit
skin
sky
sleep
small
smoke
sniff/smell
spit
split
squeeze
stab/pierce
stand
star
steal
stick/wood
stone
suck
sun
sweat
swell
swim
tail
that
thick
thin
think
this
three
throat
throw
thunder
tie up/fasten
tongue
tooth
turn
two
vomit
walk
water
wet
what?
when?
where?
white
who?
wife
wind
wing
woman/female
work
yawn
yellow

Showing 1 to 191 of 191 entries

Flora Fauna Vocabulary (133)

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English	Spanish	Portuguese	Semantic Field	Part of Speech	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Range of Term	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	Classifier	Classifier Notes	Hypernym	Source	Association with Social Categories	Ritual/Mythologically Significant	Ritual Notes	Food Source	Food Notes	Medicinal	Medicinal Notes	How Collected	Who Collects	How Prepared	Psychotropic	Psychotropic Notes	Traded	Trade Notes	Distribution	Habitat	Dangerous	Ethnobiology Notes	Species Notes	General Notes

English	Spanish	Portuguese	Semantic Field	Linnean Name	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Source	Distribution	General Notes
achiote, anatto	achiote	urucum	flora-fauna	Bixa orellana	ipak	ipak		See Language page	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	shrub
agouti (black agouti, black-rumped agouti)	Guatusa Negra, Añuje, Agutí (black-rumped), picure, jochi colorado	cutia	flora-fauna	Dasyprocta spp.	kayuk	kajuk		See Language page
alligator, black caiman	babilla; cachirre	jacaré	flora-fauna	Melanosuchus niger, Caiman schlerops; Paleosuchus sp.	uun yantana (yantana=lagarto)	u:n jantana		See Language page	Throughout Amazonia	Port term reportedly borrowed from Tupi
Amazon dolphin	bufeo, delfín, tonina (del Orinoco)	boto cor-de-rosa	flora-fauna	Inia geoffrensis	apuup	apu:p		See Language page	Downstream of major rapids and waterfalls
Amazon tree-grape	uva de monte, uvilla (Peru), puruma, caime, caimarona (and variants; Col.)	cucura	flora-fauna	Pourouma cecropiifolia	shuina	ʃuina		See Language page	grows wild in Western Amazon basin; cultivated in Colombia since pre-Colombian times	a tree; not a true grape
anaconda	anaconda, boa, boa acuática grande	sucuri	flora-fauna	genus Eunectes	wichi pagki (wichi=submerged piece of wood; pagki=snake	witʃi paŋgki		See Language page	Widespread Amazonia
angleworm	lombriz	minhoca	flora-fauna	order Opisthopora	nampich	nampitʃ		See Language page
ant (generic)	hormiga	formiga	flora-fauna	Formicidae	(no generic)	(no generic)		See Language page
anteater	oso hormiguero; tapia pelejo or pelejo chico for Cyclopes didactylus	tamanduá	flora-fauna	Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater); Cyclopes didactylus (silky anteater)	wishiishi	wiʃi:ʃi		See Language page	Widespread Amazonian lowlands
armadillo	armadillo, carachupa (Peru), yangunturi (Peru for Giant armadillo)	tatu	flora-fauna	family Dasypodidae; e.g. Priodontes maximus (Giant armadillo), Dasypus novemcinctus, Dasypus kappleri	shushui	ʃuʃui		See Language page	Widespread in Amazonia
arrow cane, wildcane	caña flecha, caña brava, caña isana	cana para flechas, frecheira, Cana-do-rio	flora-fauna	Gynerium sagittatum	wachi	watʃi		See Language page	tropical regions, especially river banks	plant
avocado	palta, aguacate	abacate	flora-fauna	Persea americana	parta (Spanish loan)	parta		See Language page	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	tree
açai palm	huasí (Peru), asahi, manaca (Ven), asaí, palmiche (Colombia)	açaí	flora-fauna	Euterpe sp.	sakee	sakee		See Language page	floodplains, swamp; esp. northern Amazonia
banana, plantain	banano, banana, cambur, bellaco, variedad de plátano	banana	flora-fauna	Musa sp.	paantam	pa:ntam		See Language page		Names for banana/plantain may be derived from bastard plantain by semantic shift.
bat	murciélago	morcego	flora-fauna	Chiroptera spp.	jeencham	xɨ:ntʃam		See Language page
beans	frijoles, frejol, caraotas (negras, rojas, blancas)	feijão	flora-fauna	Phaseolus spp.	miik	mi:k		See Language page		plant
bird	pajaro, ave	passaro	flora-fauna		tuash	tuaʃ		See Language page
bitterwood	tortuga caspi, pretina (Peru for tree and tumpline); carahuasca (Peru)	envira	flora-fauna	Duguetia sp. OR Fusaea longifolia OR Guatteria chrysopetala	yugkua	yugkua		See Language page	secondary forests, native to Brazil	tree
black palm	bacaba, mapora, pusui, patabá	bacaba	flora-fauna	Oenocarpus bacaba				See Language page	Mature forests of Rio Negro and Upper Amazon	may be confused in some entries with O. bataua
blowfly/housefly	mosca	mosca	flora-fauna	Diptera	yantsakaap, kaap	jantsaka:p, ka:p		See Language page
boa	boa; mantona (red-tailed boa); boa de altura	jiboia	flora-fauna	family Boidae, subf. Boinae	shukuim	ʃukuim		See Language page
bottle-gourd (vine) or calabash (tree)	calabazo, calabaza; auyama (Dominican Republic and Venezuela), ayote (parts of Central America), zapallo (parts of South America), tutumo/totumo/totuma (Cresc tree), huingo (Peru for Crescentia cujete), tapara	cabaça	flora-fauna	Crescentia cujete (round variety - tree); (Cucurbita) Lagenaria siceraria (bottle variety - vine)	punu	punu		See Language page	indigenous gardens	plant; tree
brazil nut	castaña	castanha do para (B. excelsa); castanha de cutia (C. edulis)	flora-fauna	Bertholletia excelsa [cf. Couepia edulis 'castanha do cutia']				See Language page	1) Couepia: restricted area within Brazil, Rio Purus basin and middle Solimões. 2) Bertholletia: elev: consistently about 200m; mature forests. Widely distributed from Peru, E. Colombia, Brazil to Nicaragua.	tree
brown woolly monkey	Mono Lanudo Común, Choro, Churucu, mono choro (Peru), mono lanudo cafe, barrigudo de Humboldt	macaco barrigudo	flora-fauna	Lagothrix lagothricha	chuu	tʃu:		See Language page
bullet ant, lesser giant hunter ant	conga, hormiga yanabe (Colombia), isula (Peru), Hormiga Veinticuatro	tocandira	flora-fauna	Paraponera clavata	yutui	jutui		See Language page
butterfly, moth	mariposa	borboleta	flora-fauna	order Lepidoptera	wampishuk	wampiʃuk		See Language page
capybara	Capibara, Carpincho, Ronsoco	capivara	flora-fauna	Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris	ugkumia	uŋgkumia		See Language page
cará tuber, purple or white	camote, sachapapa	cará roxo, branco	flora-fauna	Dioscorea sp.	kegke	kɨŋgkɨ		See Language page	secondary scrub vegetation; forest clearings	plant
cashew	anarcado, castaña de cajú, nuez de la India, marañon, cajú, merey (Venezuela)	caju	flora-fauna	Anacardium occidentale / giganteum	maranu (loan)	maranu		See Language page	secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens	tree; most sources will not distinguish between occidentale and other varieties
centipede	ciempiés	centopéia	flora-fauna	class Chilopoda	kagkanch	kaŋkantʃ		See Language page
cicada	cigarra, chicharra	cigarra	flora-fauna	super fam. Cicadoidea	chiachia	tʃiatʃia		See Language page
cipó vine	tamishi, bejuco, yare	cipó	flora-fauna	Heteropsis spp.	kaap	ka:p		See Language page	secondary forest, floodplain	vine
coca	coca	coca	flora-fauna	Erythroxylum coca				See Language page	secondary scrub vegetation. lower alt. of eastern Andes	plant
cockroach	cucaracha	barata-do-mato	flora-fauna	order Blattaria	chirap	tʃirap		See Language page
collared peccary	sajino, pecarí de collar, jabalf, Javelina, Saíno, Pecarí de Collar	caititu, caetitu	flora-fauna	Pecari tajacu, Tayassu tajacu	yagkipik	jaŋkipik		See Language page
cotamundi, coatimundi	Coatí, Tejón, Achuni, zorro guache	quati	flora-fauna	genus Nasua	kushi	kuʃi		See Language page
cotton	algodón	algodão	flora-fauna	Gossypium (barbadense: long fibers; hirsutum: short fibers)	uruch	urutʃ		See Language page	secondary scrub vegetation	plant; some sources may confound with kapok Ceiba pentandra (esp. if a single gloss for 'cotton' is given')
crab	cangrejo	caranguejo	flora-fauna	infraorder Brachyura	urik	urik		See Language page
cricket	saltón, grillo	grilo	flora-fauna	family Gryllidae	manchi	mantʃi		See Language page
curassow	mitu, montete (Peru), paujil/panjuil (Peru), paujil de Salvin (Peru for Mitu salvini)	mutum	flora-fauna	Crax sp., Nothocrax sp.	mashu	maʃu		See Language page	Amazonia
deer	venado	veado, cariacu	flora-fauna	family Cervidae, esp. Odocoileus virginianus	japa	xapa		See Language page
dog (camp, domestic)	perro	cachorro	flora-fauna	Canis famililaris	yawa	jawa		See Language page	Not native; widespread
dog (wild; bush dog)	sachaperro, Perro de Monte, Zorro Vinagre, Guanfando; Zorro Ojizarco, Zorro Negro, Perro de Orejas Corta	cachorro-do-mato	flora-fauna	Speothos venaticus; Atelocynus microtis	tuweg	tuweg		See Language page	Widespread Amazonia
dove	paloma	pomba	flora-fauna	family Columbidae	wampau, yampits	wampau, jampits		See Language page
duck	pato	pato, marreco	flora-fauna	Anatidae family	patu (Spanish loan)	patu		See Language page
edible palm-dwelling larva (palm weevil)	suri, mojojoy	larva, broca-do-coqueiro, aramandaiá	flora-fauna	Rhynchophorus sp.	mukin	mukin		See Language page
electric eel	anguila eléctrica	poraquê	flora-fauna	Electrophorus electricus	tsugkirum	tsuŋgkirum		See Language page
firefly, lightning bug	lampírido, luciérnaga (Peru), añañahui (Peru), cocuyo (attributed Taino origin)	vagalume	flora-fauna	fam: Elateridae, Fengodidae, Lampyridae	yantsa	jantsa		See Language page
fish (generic)	pez	peixe	flora-fauna		namak	namak		See Language page
fish poison, barbasco	barbasco, matapez (Colombia)	timbó	flora-fauna	Lonchocarpus spp.	timu	timu		See Language page	secondary forests and secondary srcrub vegetation	shrub/tree
flea	pulga	pulga	flora-fauna	order Siphonaptera	sugku	suŋku		See Language page
genipap	jagua, majagua - Colombia, caruto, xagua - Venezuela, bigrande - Bolivia, huito, yaguayagua - Peru, ygualti - Nicaragua, maluco - Mexico	genipapo, jenipapo	flora-fauna	Genipapa americana	suwa	suwa		See Language page	widespread lowland SA	shrub
giant otter	Lobo Grande de Río, nutria gigante, lutria	ariranha	flora-fauna	Pteronura brasiliensis				See Language page
grass	hierba, pasto	capim, grama	flora-fauna	(generic)	nupa, nupan	nupa, nupan		See Language page
gray-winged trumpeter	Grulla, Trompetero Ala Gris	jacamim	flora-fauna	Psophia crepitans	chiwa	tʃiwa		See Language page	Northern Amazonia (N of Solimões), not in northern Colombia; Dark-winged trumpeter is found south of Solimões
great egret	Garza Blanca, Guyratî	Garça-Branca-Grande	flora-fauna	Ardea alba	taanta	ta:nta		See Language page	Widespread South America
green acouchi	Guatín, Punchana, curi, picurito rabudo, picurito rabilargo	cutiara	flora-fauna	Myoprocta pratti	yagkits	jaŋgkits		See Language page
guan	pava, pucacunga (Peru), pava de Spix (Peru)	jacu	flora-fauna	Penelope sp.	aunts	aunts		See Language page	Different types have different localized ranges
hallucinogenic snuff	vilca, cebil, yopo	paricá, yopo	flora-fauna	Anadenanthera sp. or virola				See Language page
hallucinogenic vine, banisterium, ayahuasca	ayahuasca, yage	ayahuasca, caapi	flora-fauna	Banisteriopsis caapi	natem	natɨm		See Language page	semi-domesticated, native to Amazonian basin, esp. NW	vine
hawk	halcón, gavilán	gavião	flora-fauna	family Accipitridae	ukukui	ukukui		See Language page
honeybee	abeja	abelha	flora-fauna	Apis mellifera; Tetragonisca angustula; Trigona amazonensis	napa	napa		See Language page
horse	caballo	cavalho	flora-fauna	Equus caballus				See Language page
hot pepper	ají, pimentón/pimiento rojo, pucunucho (Peru), charapilla (Peru)	pimenta	flora-fauna	Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens	jima (Spanish loan?)	xima		See Language page	secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden	plant
howler monkey (red-handed)	mono aullador, mono coto (Peru)	guariba	flora-fauna	Alouatta belzebul [or other Alouatta sp.]	yakum	jakum		See Language page
hummingbird	colibrí, picaflor (Peru)	beija-flor	flora-fauna	family Trochilidae	ukuchkit	ukutʃkit		See Language page	Widespread
iguana	iguana, garipiares (Colombia)	camaleão	flora-fauna	Iguana sp.	suuntai	su:ntai		See Language page		iguana' is reportedly from Arawak iwana
inga	guaba, guamo, guama, shimbillo (Peru)	inga	flora-fauna	Inga spp.	wampa	wampa		See Language page	Secondary scrub vegetation and indigenous gardens. North and South America (Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Suriname, Colombia)
insect (generic)	insecto	insecto	flora-fauna	generic				See Language page
jaguar	yaguar, yaguareté, jaguar, otorongo (Peru), tigre (Peru)	onca	flora-fauna	Panthera onca	uun yawa (yawa=dog; uun=?)	u:n jawa		See Language page
japurá	oreja de murcielago	japurá	flora-fauna	Erisma japura				See Language page		large tree
kapok	ceiba, huimba, lupuna (Peru for Ceiba sp.)	sumaumeira	flora-fauna	Ceiba pentandra	meente	mɨ:ntɨ		See Language page	northern South America and central America; common in disturbed areas	tree
kingfisher	martín pescador, catalan (Peru)	martim-pescador	flora-fauna	family Alcedinidae	charakat	tʃarakat		See Language page	Widespread Amazonia
leaf-cutter ant	Colombia: zampopo, hormiga arriera; Venezuela: bachaco; Peru: curuhuinse	saúva	flora-fauna	Atta sp.	week	wɨ:k		See Language page
macaw	ara, guacamaya	Arara	flora-fauna	family Psittacidae; Ara sp.	yampuna, chaak, yusa	jampuna, tʃa:k, jusa		See Language page	Widespread Amazonia
maize, corn	mazorca, maiz	milho	flora-fauna	Zea mays	shaa	ʃa:		See Language page	widespread, esp. in river floodplains	plant
manatee	vaca marina, manatí	peixe-boi	flora-fauna	Trichechus sp.				See Language page
mandi catfish	maparate (used in Peru for some types of catfish, including Auchenipterus sp.), cunchi (used in Peru for some types of catfish), bagre (catfish)	mandi	flora-fauna	Auchenipterus sp.	kunchi, kumar, yutuí (all 'catfish')	kuntʃi, kumar, jutuí (all 'catfish')		See Language page	Widespread Amazonia
manioc (bitter or generic)	yuca brava	mandioca	flora-fauna	Manihot esculenta				See Language page	not generally cultivated in western (subAndean) Amazon. Arroyo-Kalin (2010) argues for a correlation with distribution of dark earths, mostly formed after 1AD, and the modeled-incised pottery tradition.	Provides more starch and is more pest-resistant than the sweet variety, but requires much processing. Arroyo-Kalin (2010) proposes that bitter type was developed from sweet through post-ceremic agricultural intensification (motivated by high starch yield
manioc (sweet)	yuca, caribe	macaxeira	flora-fauna	Manihot esculenta	mama	mama		See Language page	Primary staple in western/subAndean Amazonia, less important elsewhere	No processing required, but lower starch yield and pest resistance than bitter variety
miriti palm	moriche (Col, Ven), aguaje (Col, Peru), achual, miriti	buriti	flora-fauna	Mauritia flexuosa	achu	atʃu		See Language page	Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela; in and near swamps	trunks contain sago-like starch
mosquito	mosquito, zancudo	mosquito, carapana	flora-fauna	Anopheles sp.	manchu (zancudo), tete (mosquito)	tatakar, tɨtɨ		See Language page
moth	mariposa nocturna, polilla	mariposa	flora-fauna	order Lepidoptera				See Language page
mouse, rat	ratón	camundongo, rata	flora-fauna	Mus musculus	tagkajak	taŋgkaxak		See Language page
mushroom	champiñón, hongo	cogumelo	flora-fauna	(any edible generic)	mugkura	muŋgkura		See Language page		prioritize generic term that includes any edible species
neotropical otter (small)	Nutria, Lobo de Agua, lobito de rio, perro de agua (Colombia)	lontra	flora-fauna	Lontra longicaudis	uuyu	u:ju		See Language page
opossum	zarigüeya, rabipelado, zorro, zorrillo	mucura	flora-fauna	family Didelphidae	kujancham	kuxantʃam		See Language page
owl (large)	búho, lechuza	corujão	flora-fauna	order Strigiformes	kau	kau		See Language page	Widespread
paca (lowland)	Guanta, Paca, Majaz, majás (Peru), labba (Guyana)	paca	flora-fauna	Cuniculus paca (Agouti paca is sometimes used as well although cuniculus is the correct term.)	kashai	kaʃai		See Language page
pacu fish	palometa, garopita, garopa, curhuara (Peru)	pacu	flora-fauna	Mylossoma sp.	paumit (loan?)	paumit		See Language page
palm for roof thatch	pui, irapay, hoja de irapay, caraná	caraná	flora-fauna	Mauritiella armata OR Lepidocaryum tenue (irapay), Mauritius carana				See Language page	Mauritia carana is limited principally to the Rio Negro and Upper Orinoco regions; dry catinga forests	palm
parrot	loro real, loro (Sp. form is a loan from Carib)	papagaio	flora-fauna	Amazona amazonica	awarmas	awarmas		See Language page	Widespread
paxiuba palm	pona, huacrapona, cashapona, macanilla, pachiuba	paxiuba	flora-fauna	Iriartea exorrhiza OR Iriartea deltoidea	shigki	ʃiŋgki		See Language page	Widespread Amazonia	palm
peach palm, pejibaye palm	chontaduro (Col, Ecuador); pipire (Col); pijuayo (Peru), pijiguao (Ven); tembe (Bol)	pupunha	flora-fauna	Bactris gasipaes	uwii, uwiin	uwii; uwiin	pifayo	Jakway 1987: 197
peanut	maní (may be loan from Taino Arawak), cacahuete	amendoim	flora-fauna	Arachis hypogaea	nuse	nusɨ		See Language page		plant
pineapple	piña	abacaxi	flora-fauna	Ananas comosus	chiu	tʃiu		See Language page		plant
pirana	piraña, caribe	piranha	flora-fauna	subfamily Serrasalmidae	paani	pa:ni		See Language page	Widespread Amazonia
porcupine	puerco espín, erizo (Peru), casha cushillo (Peru)	cuandu, porco-espinho	flora-fauna	family Erethizontidae	kuru	kuru		See Language page
potato	papa	batata	flora-fauna	Solanum tuberosum				See Language page	secondary scrub vegetation	compare entries for sweet potato
potato, sweet potato	camote, batata dulce, batata, cumara	batata-doce	flora-fauna	Ipomoea batatas	inchi	intʃi		See Language page		plant
praying mantis, stick insects	mantis religiosa	louva-a-deus	flora-fauna	order Mantodea, family Mantidae				See Language page
rubber tree (sorva)	caucho, siringa, shiringa	seringa, borracha	flora-fauna	Hevea sp.	shirig (Sp. loan)	ʃiriŋg		See Language page	Widespread Amazonia	tree
scorpion	escorpión; alacran	escorpião	flora-fauna	order Scorpiones	titig	titiŋg		See Language page
seje palm	ungurahui (Peru), palma de seje, milpesos, patabá	patoá, patuá	flora-fauna	Jessenia bataua, aka Oenocarpus bataua	kugkuk	kuŋgkuk		See Language page	mostly north of Equator; common in Amazonia	may be confused with O. bacaba - compare entries
sloth	pereza, pelejo (Peru), perezoso (Peru)	macaco preguica	flora-fauna	Choloepus sp., Bradypus sp.	naki	naki		See Language page	Widespread Amazonia
small lizard	lagartija	calango	flora-fauna	order Squamata	shampi	ʃampi		See Language page
snail	caracol, churo (Peru)	caracol	flora-fauna	class Gastropoda	churu, pukuang,	tʃuru, pukuaŋg		See Language page
snake (generic)	culebra, serpiente	cobra	flora-fauna		napi	napi		See Language page
snake (poisonous generic) or rattlesnake	víbora (Peru), jergón (Peru), yarara	jararaca	flora-fauna	Bothrops jararaca/atrox	muash napi (napi=snake; muash?), kakanch	muaʃ napi, kakanch		See Language page	Widespread South America
speckled catfish	surubí, pintadillo	surubim, sorubim	flora-fauna	Pseudoplatystoma sp.				See Language page	Widespread Amazonia
spider	araña	aranha	flora-fauna	Arachnidae, Araneae	tsere	tsɨrɨ		See Language page
squash	calabaza, calabacines, auyamas, zapallos, huingo (Peru)	abóbora	flora-fauna	Cucurbita sp.	namuk, yuwi	namuk, juwi		See Language page		plant
squirrel	ardilla, danta (Ven)	serelepe, quatipuru, esquilo	flora-fauna	family Sciuridae	kunam	kunam		See Language page
stingray (generic)	rayas látigo, raya	arraia	flora-fauna	Potamotrygon sp.	kaashap	ka:ʃap		See Language page
tannia, yautia	huitina (Peru), ñame	taioba branca	flora-fauna	Xanthosoma spp.	tuka	tuka		See Language page
tapir	sachavaca, danta	anta	flora-fauna	Tapirus terrestris	pama	pama		See Language page
termites, white-ants	comején (Peru), termitas	cupim	flora-fauna	order Isoptera	kama	kama		See Language page
tick	garrapata	carrapato	flora-fauna	superfam Ixodoidea	piitai	pi:tai		See Language page
tigerfish	taraira, guabina, huasaco (Peru)	traíra	flora-fauna	Hoplias sp.	kugkui	kuŋgkui		See Language page	Widespread Amazonia
tinamou	tinamu, perdiz, gallineta	inambu, inhambu	flora-fauna	family Tinamidae	waa	wa:		See Language page	Widespread Amazonia
toad	sapo	sapo	flora-fauna	order Anura	takash (not edible; see also other sp.)	takaʃ		See Language page
tobacco	tabaco	tabaco	flora-fauna	Nicotiana tabacum	tsaag	tsa:ŋg		See Language page		plant
tortoise (red foot, yellow foot/giant)	tortuga, morrocoy, motelo	jabutí, tartaruga	flora-fauna	Yellow-footed: Geochelone denticulata; Red-footed: Geochelone carbonaria	kugkuim	kuŋgkuim		See Language page	Widespread
toucan	tucán, pinsha (Peru)	tucano	flora-fauna	Ramphastos sp.	shaartik	ʃa:rtik		See Language page	Widespread Amazonia
tree	árbol	arvore	flora-fauna		numi	numi		See Language page
tufted capuchin monkey	mono negro (Peru), Machín Negro, Maicero Cachón, mono maicero	macaco prego	flora-fauna	Cebus apella	yukapkia	jukapkia		See Language page
ucuqui	yugo, caimitillo del monte (Peru)	ucuqui	flora-fauna	Pouteria ucuqui				See Language page	native to NW Amazonia, found primarily in Vaupes and Caqueta regions	other species of Pouteria exist and have much-used edible fruit; these can be subsituted where relevant
vulture	buitre, gallinazo, rinahui (Peru)	urubu	flora-fauna	family Cathartidae	chuag	tʃuag		See Language page	Widespread South America
wasp	avispa; specific type: ronzapa/ronsapa	caba	flora-fauna	order Hymenoptera, sub: Apocrita	ete	ɨtɨ		See Language page
white-fronted capuchin	Machín Blanco, mono blanco, Maicero Cariblanco, mono blanco (Peru)	Caiarara	flora-fauna	Cebus albifrons	jaanch	haantʃ		See Language page
white-fronted spider monkey	Machin Blanco, Mono Araña de Vientre Amarillo, maquisapa (Peru), braceadora (Colombia)	macaco aranha, coatá, quatá	flora-fauna	Ateles belzebuth/paniscus	washi	waʃi		See Language page
white-lipped peccary	Chancho de Monte, Cariblanco, Huangana	queixada	flora-fauna	Tayassu pecari	uun paki	u:n paki		See Language page
woodpecker	pájaro carpintero, carpintero	pica-pau	flora-fauna	family Picidae	sawake	sawakɨ		See Language page	Widespread Amazonia

Showing 1 to 133 of 133 entries

Cultural Vocabulary (97)

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English	Spanish	Portuguese	Semantic Field	Part of Speech	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source

English	Spanish	Portuguese	Semantic Field	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	General Notes	Source
afterworld, land of dead, Heaven	tierra do los muertos	terra dos mortos	culture-mythology				See Language page
arrow	flecha	flecha	subsistence tool			hunting, warfare	See Language page
axe/stone axe	hacha (de piedra)	machado (de pedra)	subsistence tool	jaacha (Spanish loan)	xa:ntʃa	especially for clearing fields	See Language page
bait for fishing	cebo, carnada para pescar, empate (Peru)	isca	subsistence tool			can refer to worms; more generic	See Language page
basin/bowl	tazón, plato hondo, taza	tijela	culture-material	pinig	piniŋg		See Language page
basket (general)	canasta, canasto, cesta	cesto	culture-material	chagkin, pitak 'waterproof basket'	tʃaŋgkin, pitak 'waterproof basket'		See Language page
basket, small	canasta, canasto, cesta	cesto pequeno, tampado	culture-material	pitak 'waterproof basket'	pitak 'waterproof basket'		See Language page
bead	abalorio, mostacilla, cuenta, gota, puca; necklace=collar	miçanga	culture-material				See Language page
bed	cama	cama	culture-material	peak	pɨak		See Language page
bench, seat	banco, silla, asiento	banco	culture-material	kutag	kutaŋg		See Language page
blowgun	cerbatana, pucuna (Peru)	zarabatana	subsistence tool	uum	u:m	currently limited to certain groups (favoring h-g orientation, e.g. Nadahup) within RN region	See Language page
boomerang/throwing stick (generic)			subsistence tool				See Language page
bottle	botella	garrafa	acculturation	mutii	mutii		See Language page
bottom grinding stone			manufacture	kaya	kaja	if different word from top grinding stone	See Language page
bow	arco	arco	subsistence tool	tumag	tumag	arco	See Language page
broom	escoba	vassoura	culture-material	japimuk	xapimuk		See Language page
canoe	canoa	canoa	transport	kanu	kanu		See Language page
cat	gato	gato	acculturation	mishu	miʃu		See Language page
chicken	gallina	galinha	acculturation	shiam, atash	ʃiam, ataʃ		See Language page
chief/leader	jefe, cacique	chefe	culture-mythology	uuntri	uuntri		See Language page
clothing	ropa	roupa	culture-mythology	jaanch	xa:ntʃ		See Language page
club	garrote, cachiporra	clava, porrete	subsistence tool				See Language page
Curupira (spirit type)	Curupira, Madremonte	Curupira	culture-mythology			malignant forest spirit, covered with long hair, feet turned backward; in Upper Rio Negro region	See Language page
dart (blowgun)	dardo, birote (Peru), bala (Peru)	dardo, seta	subsistence tool	tsentsak	tsɨntsak	hunting and warfare	See Language page
deity/powerful spirit/culture figure	dios(es), deidad	divinidade, figura mítica	culture-mythology	yuus (Spanish loan)	ju:s	In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
digging stick			subsistence tool				See Language page
dream	sueño, soñar	sonho, sonhar	culture-mythology	kaara	kaara		See Language page
drum	tambor	tambor	culture-mythology	tampur	tampur		See Language page
drum (large signal)	tambor, manguaré, maguaré (Colombia)	tambor	culture	tuntui	tuntui	Used to be used by Tukanoan peoples (and others?), sound carried for long distances	See Language page
fan	abanico	abanador, abano	subsistence tool	awajik	awaxik	esp. for fanning a cooking fire	See Language page
feather headdress	plumaje, corona de plumas	enfeite/capacete de penas	culture-mythology	tawas	tawas		See Language page
fence, palisade	cerco	cerca	other			may be related to defense/warfare?	See Language page
fermented drink	masato, chicha	caxiri, chicha	culture	nijamanch	nixamantʃ	prioritizes manioc beer where distinction is made	See Language page
fetish, charm	fetiche, encanto, filtro de amor, pusanga	feitiço, puçanga	culture-mythology				See Language page
fireplace	hogar	lareira	other				See Language page
firewood	leña	lenha	other	chigkim	tʃiŋgkim		See Language page
fish (with fish-poison)	pescar con barbasco, barbasquear	pescar com timbó; tinguijar	food	nijat	nihat		See Language page
fish (with line)	anzuelear, pescar con linea	pescar (com linha)	food	nagkit	nagkit		See Language page
fishing line	cordel/cuerda p/ pescar, sedal, tanze	linha de pesca	subsistence tool				See Language page
fishtrap	trampa de peces, trampa	matapi, cacuri	subsistence tool				See Language page
flat bread, cassava bread	pan de yuca, casabe/cazabe	beiju	food	pang (Sp.)	paŋg	usually manioc; agriculture, but also can be made from certain wild seeds/fruits	See Language page
flour/meal from manioc	fariña, mañoco (Venezuela); harina	farinha	food			agriculture	See Language page
flute	flauta, quena (Peru)	flauta	culture-mythology	pigkui	piŋgkui	multiple types? japurutu, deer-bone, etc.	See Language page
game animal	caza, animal de caza	caça, animal de caça	food	kuntinan	kuntinan	Interesting correlation to 'fish' in Tukanoan languages	See Language page
ghost (of dead person)/evil spirit	espíritu malo, espíritu maligno, fantasma, demonio	espirito	culture-mythology	pasun ('evil spirit'), wakan ('spirit')	pasun ('evil spirit'), wakan ('spirit')		See Language page
gourd (dipper/bowl)	cucharón, pate (Peru), totomo, totuma, totumo	cuia	subsistence tool	punu	punu		See Language page
grater	rallador, rallo	ralador, ralo	subsistence tool			esp. for grating manioc, but can be used for other things as well	See Language page
grave	tumba, sepultura, sepulcro	sepultura, sepulcro, cova	culture-mythology				See Language page
grid of sticks for smoking meat or placing objects (shelf)	barbacoa	jirau	subsistence tool	piik	pi:k		See Language page
griddle for cooking flatbread	tiesto (Colombia), budare (Venezuela), tortera (Peru)	forno para beiju	subsistence tool			agriculture?	See Language page
gun	arma, escopeta	espingarda, fusil	acculturation	akaru, iskupit	akaru, iskupit		See Language page
hammock	hamaca, chinchorro	rede	culture-material	tampu	tampu		See Language page
hat	sombero	chapéu	dress	etsegkrutai	etsegkrutai		See Language page
healer	curandero	benzador, curandeiro, kumu (Tukano)	culture-mythology	iwishin	iwiʃin	Refers to a lower-level healer; in RN region, most older men in a village have this capacity, and command a repertoire of healing spells. Power is primarily for good, whereas the true shaman is capable of malignant acts as well.	See Language page
hollow log/trough for beer-making	canoa para chicha	cocho de caxiri	narcotics		\		See Language page
honey	miel	mel	food	napa yumiri	napa jumiri	only gathered in wild throughout Amazonia?	See Language page
house			other	jea	xɨa		See Language page
hunt	cazar	caçar	food	kuntinan eakatsa (kuntinan=game; eakatsa=look for)	kuntinan ɨakatsa		See Language page
knife	cuchillo	faca	culture-material	kuchii (Spanish loan)	kutʃi:		See Language page
loincloth	taparrabos, guayuco, pampanilla	tanga, tapa-sexo	dress	itip	itip		See Language page
machete	machete	facão	culture-material	machit (Spanish loan)	matʃit		See Language page
mortar	mortero	pilão	subsistence tool				See Language page
paddle/oar	remo	remo	transport	anuntai	anuntai		See Language page
paint body, body paint	pintura corporal	pintura corporal	culture-mythology				See Language page
panpipe	carrizo, zampoñas, flautas de pan, rondadora	caniço, flauta de pã	culture-mythology				See Language page
paper	papel	papel	acculturation	papi	papi		See Language page
pestle	pilón, mano de mortero, mazo, moledor	mão de pilão	subsistence tool				See Language page
pipe for tobacco	pipa	cachimbo	other				See Language page
plate	plato	prato	culture-material	paratu	paratu		See Language page
policeman	polícia	policía	acculturation				See Language page
pot	olla, pote	panela, vasilha	subsistence tool	wagka	waŋgka		See Language page
rattle	matraca, maraca	marico, chocalho	culture-mythology				See Language page
resin	resina, brea, copal	resina, brea, breu	subsistence tool	shiripik, sekat	ʃiripink, sɨkat		See Language page
ritual song cycle (kapiwaya)	kapiwaya	capiwaya	culture-mythology				See Language page
rope/string	mecate, cuerda, soga	corda	culture	naek	naɨk		See Language page
salt	sal	sal	food	wee	wee		See Language page
school	escuela	escola	acculturation	papi aujtai	papi auhtai		See Language page
shaman, healer	chamán, brujo	xaman, pajé, feiticeiro	culture-mythology	iwishin	iwiʃin	In RN region, there is typically one person per village (if that) who is a full-fledged 'shaman'. He is very much a specialist and has considerable power to cure, as well as power to curse. He is respected and feared. Shamans are thought to turn themselv	See Language page
shoes	zapatos	sapatos	dress				See Language page
skirt	falda, saya, fustan, pollera	saia	culture-material				See Language page
soldier	soldado	soldado	acculturation	suntar	suntar		See Language page
song (generic)	canción, canto	canção	culture-mythology	eresemau, kantamrutai, anen (trad. love song)	eresemau, kantamrutai, anen (trad. love song)		See Language page
spear	lanza	lança	subsistence tool	nagki	naŋgki		See Language page
spearthrower			subsistence tool				See Language page
starch (tapioca, other)	almidón	goma de tapioca	food	mama puari (mama=manioc)	mama puari		See Language page
stone for lighting fires	piedra para hacer fuego	pedra para acender fogo	culture-material				See Language page
sugarcane/sugar	azúcar, caña de azúcar	açucar (de cana)	acculturation	paat 'sugar cane'	paat 'sugar cane'		See Language page
tapioca drink, mingau	cahuana, caguana	mingau	food			agriculture	See Language page
tattoo	tatuaje, tatu	tatuagem	culture-mythology	shiripik	ʃiripik		See Language page
thatch/roof	crisneja	palha, caraná	culture-material	shikiri	ʃikiri		See Language page
tipiti (manioc squeezer)	tipiti, matafrio, sebucán, exprimador, prensa para yuca	tipiti	food			word of Tupi origin; agriculture: specifically for squeezing poison out of manioc	See Language page
top grinding stone	metate, mano; piedra de moler	metate, mano	manufacture			use word for top grinding stone if different from bottom stone	See Language page
tripod for washing manioc	trípode	tripé	subsistence tool			agriculture	See Language page
venom for darts, poison	veneno	curare	subsistence tool	tikun	tikun	hunting, currently is falling out of use in Vaupés region, associated primarily with h-g groups (but this may be recent?)	See Language page
wax	cera	cera	other	napa nujiri (beeswax)	napa nuhiri		See Language page
woven strainer/sieve	colador tejido, cedazo (Peru), cernedor (Peru)	peneira, cumatá	subsistence tool			agriculture? commonly used for sifting dry manioc flour	See Language page
yurupari, jurupari (or any flutes forbidden to women)	yurupari	jurupari	culture-mythology			a ritual complex in various parts of Amazonia involving sacred flutes/trumpets, forbidden to women.	See Language page

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