Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

hot pepper

Semantic Field
flora-fauna
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
ají, pimentón/pimiento rojo, pucunucho (Peru), charapilla (Peru)
Meaning Portuguese
pimenta

Languages

Language Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
Akawaio Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens pɨmɨi (pepper) pɨmɨɪ inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Baniwa Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens áatti, mítsa áat̪i, mítsa inheritance Proto-Arawak (North and South) Arawak is thought to be source of Spanish ají. Also mítsa uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Carijona Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens həməi (SM) hɯma’i’ H&R) inheritance Unknown See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Cubeo Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens bi'á bi'á inheritance Proto-Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Dâw Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens xow xɔw inheritance underived See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Desano Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens bia bi'á inheritance Proto-Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Eñepa Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens pimi; kusa' (MM) pimi; kusaʔ (MM) inheritance Unknown Also kusaʔ See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Guayabero Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens nol-t nol-t inheritance l to n correspondence uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Hodï Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens najte (C. futescens) (Zent 08) unique uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Waorani Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens gimo loan, direction unknown Jivaroan himo missing See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Hup Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens kɔ́w kɔ́w inheritance underived See Language page 0 1 fruit - cultivated 0 cultivated women used to season most food 0 0 attained through exchange with Tukanoans secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Kakua Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens kãw ~kâw; tub-~di (hurt-adjvz) doubtful loan; inheritance Hup kɔw; also tubm-ni to.feel.pain-ADJV? 'to be spicy' underived See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Macaguan Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens nojníja nohníha inheritance uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Makushi Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens pimí pimí inheritance Unknown See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Nheengatu Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens kĩ ĩya, murupi kĩ ĩja, murupi Capsicum frutescens and Capsicum annum inheritance Proto-Tupi-Guarani Reconstructed PTG Mello 2000. Also: murupi (Capsicum frutescens) underived See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Nukak Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens biaʔ (H&R; Tukanoan loan), tubni-dé loan East Tukanoan bia; see also tubni-dé '? pain' uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Maihiki Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens bía bía inheritance Proto-Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Pemon Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens pömɨii (pepper) (E1980) pömɨi (E1980) inheritance Proto-Carib See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Resígaro Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens aatsʰíu aatsʰíu (H&R) inheritance Proto-Arawak (North and South) Arawak is thought to be source of Spanish ají uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Sanumá Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens paki paki inheritance missing See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Sikuani Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens nónohi (CM72); ikulinonoji (16), jumanialiji (3) nonohí:-to inheritance also ikuli-nonoji (16) [tortoise-pepper], jumanialiji (3) uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Tariana Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens aasi (dp91), ãsi (aa01) aasi (dp91), ãsi (aa01) inheritance Proto-Arawak (North and South) Arawak is thought to be source of Spanish ají uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Tukano Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens biâ biâ inheritance Proto-Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Kotiria Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens bia bia inheritance Proto-Tukanoan uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Wapishana Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens ɖiːɖaɖa ɖiːɖaɖa unique See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Yanomami Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens praki pɾaki inheritance underived See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Yukuna Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens a'ají aʔahí inheritance Proto-Arawak (North and South) Arawak is thought to be source of Spanish ají uncoded See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Yuhup Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens kɔ̌w kɔ̌w inheritance underived See Language page 0 1 0 0 0 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no plant
Achagua Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens ijáliaa ijáliaa unique See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Piapoco Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens áasi (dp91) á:si (dp91) See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Kabiyari Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens át̪i át̪i See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Yavitero Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens atsítsi (dp91) atsítsi (dp91) See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Mandawaka Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens há:ti See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Wayuu Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens haši See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Ignaciano Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens ičeti See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Trinitario Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens ʔčeti See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Waurá Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens ai; katamu-tɨ ai; katamu-tɨ unknown See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Cha'palaa Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens tʸu See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden *South Barbacoan form is *tʸuN.
Bora Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens tɨɨ́ tɨɨ́ inheritance See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Muinane Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens déé dέέ See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Apalai Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens aixi aixi loan Arawak See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Wayana Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens asi asi loan Arawak See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Tiriyó Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens pǝmǝi (M2000), aima[ka] pǝmǝi, aima[ka] inheritance See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Makiritare Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens homi (KH) homi inheritance See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Mapoyo Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens kimïi kimʊi See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Wai Wai Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens asɨsɨ (SM) asɨsɨ (SM) loan Arawak See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Waimiri Atroari Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens warasy (M1992) See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Yabarana Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens kɨ'məi See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Yukpa Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens jari káka(‘chili pepper’, H&R) See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden Phon only in source plant
Barí Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens lore See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden Colombia: 'ʔnorirə.
Northern Emberá Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens pidhá pidhá; pʰiɗá(‘chili pepper’, H&R) See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Epena Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens pʰi'daa See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Cuiva Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens nónei See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Playero Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens pe-atʰítʰí-bɨ See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Cofán Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens ccoma khoma See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS plant
Candoshi-Shapra Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens komaazi komaaʂi loan, direction unknown Cofan khoma See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Taushiro Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens aehin (Spanish loan?) aɨhin See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Páez Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens agnue awẽ; ãwã(‘chili pepper’, H&R) See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Tikuna Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens me-é (Alv44) meʔé unique See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Urarina Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens sïḍzi sʉtʃi doubtful loan, direction unknown Camsa tsɨtɕá See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Camsa Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens tsɨtɕá tsɨtɕá See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Andoke Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens nõeta nõeta unique See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Puinave Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens kok kok unique See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Máku Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens pe'kuh See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Ashuar Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens jimiá ximia See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Huambisa Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens jima (Spanish loan?) xima See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Aguaruna Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens jíma xíma loan, direction unknown Huaorani gima See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Nadëb/Roçado dialect Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens po̰ːh unknown cf. Carib See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens pɔ̰ːh See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Matses Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens sia sia doubtful loan Arawak See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Katukina Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens yoṣ̌i See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Shipibo-Konibo Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens yoči See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Yaminahua Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens noči See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Chácobo Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens yoči (listed under "chili pepper") yoči (listed under "chili pepper") inheritance See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Yagua Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens disiy ndisij unique See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Southern Pastaza Quechua Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens uchu utʃu See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Ingá Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens uchu útʃu(‘chili pepper’, H&R) See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Napo Lowland Quichua Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens uchu utʃu See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Quechua Ayacuchano Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens uchu utʃu See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Piaroa Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens ra'ahthéh raɁahthéh inheritance See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Sáliva Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens tarre tarre inheritance See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Bará Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens bía See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Barasano Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens bia bia See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Carapana Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens bia bia See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Makuna Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens bia bia inheritance See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Yuruti Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens bía bía See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Waikhana Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens bi'a bi'a See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Siriano Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens biá bi'á See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Tanimuca Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens bi'a bi'a inheritance See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Tatuyo Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens bi'a bi'a See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Tuyuka Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens bia bía See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Waimaja Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens bía bía See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Koreguaje Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens chu'chu pia dʒuʔdʒu pia inheritance See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Siona Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens bia bia inheritance See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Secoya Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens pia pi'a See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Karitiana Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens sojo sojo unknown See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Kokama Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens ɨkɨ ɨkɨ inheritance See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Wayampi Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens kɨʔɨ̃y kɨʔɨ̃j inheritance See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Aché Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens bue ǰoaʔa See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Chiriguano Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens kɨ̃i inheritance See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Paraguayan Guaraní Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens kɨʔɨ̃i; kuᵐbari See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Sirionó Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens kiamarɨ (P85) kiamarɨ inheritance See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Kamayurá Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens kɨ'ɨ̃y kɨ̃ʔɨ̃y inheritance See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Ocaina Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens haʔɸíí-ʔoβï {fruit}, haʔɸíí-ǰa {plant} haʔɸíí-ʔoβɯ {fruit}, haʔɸíí-dʒa {plant} inheritance See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Nɨpode Witoto Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens hípi-hï hípi-hɯ See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Minica Witoto Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens híɸi-hï {fruit}, híɸi-rai {plant} híɸi-hɯ {fruit}, híɸi-rai {plant} See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Murui Witoto Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens hiɸi-hï {fruit}, hiɸi-rai {plant} hiɸi-hɯ {fruit}, hiɸi-rai {plant} inheritance See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Iquito Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens nap'ɨki; macusáari (stretched long); sihuirinaája (small and round) nap'ɨki; makusáari (stretched long); siwirinaáha (small and round) inheritance See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Záparo Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens anakuka anakuka See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Wari Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens tʃaji-tʃaji (Sousa2009) tʃaji-tʃaji (Sousa2009) See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Araona Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens bizo See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden *Tacn form is *bićo.
Ese Ejja/Huarayo Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens bišo (listed under "chili pepper") bišo See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Tacana Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens biď̶o; hoha-da See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Cavineña Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens biho; hite-biho (specifically "chili pepper") biho; hite-biho See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Central Aymara Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens wayk´a waykˀa See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Cayuvava Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens dubu; kadabu; ɲa'daβɨdɨ See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Kwazá Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens hade hade See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Mosetén-Chimané Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens taʔ See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Movima Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens čihi (chili pepper) tʃixi See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Djeoromitxi Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens tete tete See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Toba Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens -- See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens yama natikhit atkok See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens naatekhet; yamnaatekhet See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens poh'non See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens ates (f.) See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden Refers to 'ají del monte' (Capsicum chacoense).
Maca Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens atic̷ (f.) See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Nivaclé Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens oyinče-tax See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Ayoreo Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens 'n̥uui See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden plant
Mapudungun Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens ṭ͡ʀapi See Language page secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden Same form in Ranquel.
Lokono Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens bokoromana bokoromana large oblong type of chili pepper Fanshawe 1949:60 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no
Kariña Capsicum sp., principally chinensis and frutescens pomyi pomɨi pepper plant Courtz 2007:348 secondary scrub vegetation, indigenous garden no