Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

wax

Semantic Field
other
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish
cera
Meaning Portuguese
cera

Languages

Language Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
Nheengatu irawaçawa irawaʃawa unique Other complex ira 'honey' + çawa 'emphasis' See Language page
Waorani gẽjĩ-ka (IDS) bees wax unique Other complex gẽyĩ=honey; ka=?? See Language page
Hodï me'nau beeswax unique Also: me'nau Other complex bãilã 'honey' See Language page
Yanomami puu nasi (beeswax) (MM07) puu nasi (beeswax) (MM07) unknown Derived puu na “bee,” -si some sort of classifier/derivation See Language page
Kotiria mi suhti mi suhti bee wax unique Compound honey clothes/covering See Language page
Cubeo vácoema vákoɛma beeswax unknown See Language page
Tukano mumi ɨ̂'ta (HR 97) mumi ɨ̂ʔta (HR 97) unique Compound bee excrement' See Language page
Hup næ̌ŋ cak (beeswax) næ̌ŋ cak (beeswax) beeswax inheritance Compound bee climb? See Language page
Dâw nẽeg saák næ̃g ʃǎk inheritance See Language page
Sikuani manixuxu, banaxuxu (beeswax) manixuxu, banaxuxu (beeswax) loan; unique Arawak mani 'resin' See Language page
Guayabero bénθit unique from 'bee' See Language page
Pemon morompue (A1981); maitakiing (E1980) (for rubbing on fishing rods) morompue (A1981), maɪtakiŋ (E1980) inheritance; unknown Pemongan subgroup shared Akawaio Alternate:maɪtakiŋ (wax rubbed on fishing rods) See Language page
Akawaio maidageng maɪdageŋ unknown Akawaio-Pemon shared Pemon See Language page
Makushi moronpɨ moronpɨ beeswax inheritance Pemongan subgroup See Language page
Eñepa koropo; wanëpo kɔrɔpɔ; wanëpɔ (MM) unknown; unique Alternate: wanëpɔ See Language page
Yukuna pi'ijulaji piʔihulahi beeswax unknown Alternate: riʔihwí taɾaná; taɾanahi (earwax) Simplex -hi masculine/neuter gender marker See Language page
Wapishana maˀbaiˀba maˀbaiˀba unique from 'bee' See Language page
Baniwa -hinako-likomápʰe unique Derived hinako-lipo "ear," -mápʰe 'bee' See Language page
Yir-Yoront minmangn ironwood wax unique With +mangn, in several 'wax' terms The most frequently mentioned; other common types are ngurrmangn (beefwood), marrwarrn (sugarbag), purryimangn (pandanus), and there are several others from sugarbag.
Bardi arraŋk unique
Gumatj bu:nhdhu unique
Djinang galanyan loan direction unknown
Burarra galanyan loan direction unknown
Yan-nhangu galanyin' unique
Dhuwal gonydyu inheritance
Dhay’yi gunydyu inheritance
Karajarri karaly unique
Yawuru karral loan Marrngu
Yulparija manyal unique
Ritharrngu marnrdatya inheritance
Nyangumarta milirr unique
Rembarrnga pirti unique
Ngarluma pulka inheritance
Mangala rlimirri loan direction unknown
Nyikina wara doubtful inheritance
Nyulnyul wark inheritance
Nimanburru wark inheritance
Walmajarri limirri unknown spinifex wax. Also watyarn spinifex wax. Also watyarn
Mudburra tyikala loan direction unknown WW %tyikala
Jaru watyan inheritance
Gurindji tyikala loan Jingulu WW %tyikala perhaps proto beeswax perhaps proto beeswax
Bunuba kantiy unknown spinifex wax
Gajirrabeng katyarrang loan Gajirrabeng WW %katyarrang beeswax; also penekin beeswax
Djapu gu:nydyu inheritance
Jingulu tyikala loan direction unknown WW %tyikala plant/ear wax; parnmi beeswax; kirnima spinifex wax
Miriwung talang inheritance WW %tarla beeswax; also kankarrng;semantic change? Kija tarla wax lid in beehive
Wardaman gatyarrang missing Gajirrabeng WW %katyarrang beeswax;also penekin 'wax'
Kija tyurnukpi inheritance beeswax; Gaj. Mir, tyinuk
Yavitero maha-c̷ia 'bee-excrement' maha-tsia 'bee-excrement' See Language page
Wayuu mapa-se mapa is 'bee'. See Language page
Ignaciano 'mapa-hi See Language page
Trinitario mophui See Language page
Waurá i'yapi (beeswax; R73) i'japi (beeswax; R73) unknown See Language page
Cha'palaa 'či'ɲa-pe The -pe suffix refers to items with a soft mass, such as 'brain' 04.203; 'mucus' 04.232. Cf. 'earwax' 04.222; 'excrement' 04.660. See Language page
Apalai moronapu moronapu inheritance See Language page
Wayana wanë molopin wanǝ molopin inheritance See Language page
Carijona akira (M2000) unknown See Language page
Tiriyó (j)orontï (j)orontɨ unknown See Language page
Yukpa vanomapúchare (vano 'honey') βanomapúʃare (vano 'honey') See Language page
Barí arōhkogbā See Language page
Northern Emberá kãdo'r̃ona 'beeswax' (IDS) kãdo'r̃ona 'beeswax' (IDS) See Language page
Epena 'hɨr̃ɨ Refers to a tar-like product from small wild bee colonies. See Language page
Cofán tuño tuño phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS See Language page
Candoshi-Shapra kidoora (also 'honey') kidoora unique See Language page
Páez čhiʔdʸ [sela] čhiʔdʸ [sela] See Language page
Pumé ẽ ĩbu 'beeswax' See Language page
Puinave am yak-ot (am=bee) am yak-ot (am=bee) unique See Language page
Máku Φalabá 'candle; wax' See Language page
Ashuar míkia (beeswax) míkia (beeswax) See Language page
Huambisa napa nujiri (beeswax) napa nuhiri See Language page
Aguaruna nuhi (beeswax) nuhi (beeswax) inheritance See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect j'a: (Martins 1999) See Language page
Matses shubu (beeswax) ʃubu (beeswax) unknown See Language page
Kakataibo βo'i *Panoan *βoičo with related meaning 'resin'. See Language page
Katukina mãčã See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo βoi See Language page
Yaminahua ṣ̌ara mapo; ṣ̌ĩti See Language page
Yagua jũtũ 'wax', quisiñapa 'beeswax' xũtũ 'wax', kisiɲapa 'beeswax' unique See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua mapa 'beehive' (cf. Arawak 'bee') mapa 'beehive' See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua mapa 'beeswax' mapa 'beeswax' See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano mapa 'beeswax' (CP94) mapa 'beeswax' See Language page
Sáliva mite mite unknown See Language page
Koreguaje maja 'resin, beeswax' maxa 'resin, beeswax' loan (into protolg?) Quechua/Arawak? See Language page
Siona mãhã mãhã loan (into protolg?) Quechua/Arawak? See Language page
Karitiana oky okɨ unknown See Language page
Kokama mapa-uka mapa-uka unique from loan 'bee' See Language page
Wayampi ɛila-tɨkɛ ('honey-scrap') ɛila-tɨkɛ ('honey-scrap') inheritance See Language page
Aché gãčĩ unknown See Language page
Chiriguano ei-raitɨ inheritance See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní araitɨ See Language page
Sirionó irao rɨmitãˌ tɨmitã (bee wax) irao rɨmitãˌ tɨmitã (bee wax) inheritance See Language page
Murui Witoto cɨicɨ (beeswax) kɯikɯ (beeswax, B83) unknown See Language page
Záparo tupaka tupaka See Language page
Araona wiɲi *Tacn form is *wini. See Language page
Ese Ejja meme-wiɗi inheritance See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo wini taʔa wini taʔa See Language page
Tacana wini See Language page
Cavineña wini (G71) wini (G71) inheritance See Language page
Central Aymara mapˀa See Language page
Itonama o-woʔwo See Language page
Kwazá nũtynũ, nũtyrɛ nũtynũ, nũtyrɛ See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané iix'pe See Language page
Movima chuidimba (J62) tʃuidimba See Language page
Kaingang neɲ (beeswax; IDS) neɲ See Language page
Djeoromitxi benĩka (beeswax) benĩka (beeswax) See Language page
Mocoví rapik n-apa Lit. 'honey 3p possessor-bunch'. See Language page
Pilagá ma-ʔage l-'apa Lit. 'sweet-along 3pp-lump'. See Language page
Toba pik l-apa ~ l-apa dapik Lit. 'honey 3p possessor-lump'. See Language page
Lengua papa See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité ayimpihik See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet petkak See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay nakuwu-'tah-ɬes See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja iyus (m.) See Language page
Maca neḳfeyenhet (m.) See Language page
Nivaclé yuus; ɬ-supˀax The latter means 'la cara untada de miel'. See Language page
Ayoreo e'nočaai The b. prepared for use in a ball is di'rin̥e; b. from the hive and chewed is du'kuudaai; black b. of the 'golden bee' is ii'beye; black edible b. of the 'suro bee' is kũtere ke'de-n̥a-i. Black or red b. that is sticky is čaake'do; čaae'do. In the N̥upedo See Language page
Mapudungun yiwiɲ miski From Augusta 1915. See Language page
Lokono pimittika pimittika wax DeGoeje 1928:122
Kariña manipùta manupuhta wax, candle Courtz 2007:313