Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

wax

Semantic Field: other
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: cera
Meaning Portuguese: cera

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source

Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source
Aché		gãčĩ		unknown									See Language page
Aguaruna	nuhi (beeswax)	nuhi (beeswax)		inheritance									See Language page
Akawaio	maidageng	maɪdageŋ		unknown	Akawaio-Pemon	shared Pemon							See Language page
Apalai	moronapu	moronapu		inheritance									See Language page
Araona		wiɲi										Tacn form is wini.	See Language page
Ashuar	míkia (beeswax)	míkia (beeswax)											See Language page
Ayoreo		e'nočaai										The b. prepared for use in a ball is di'rin̥e; b. from the hive and chewed is du'kuudaai; black b. of the 'golden bee' is ii'beye; black edible b. of the 'suro bee' is kũtere ke'de-n̥a-i. Black or red b. that is sticky is čaake'do; čaae'do. In the N̥upedo	See Language page
Baniwa	-hinako-likomápʰe			unique						Derived	hinako-lipo "ear," -mápʰe 'bee'		See Language page
Bardi	arraŋk			unique
Barí		arōhkogbā											See Language page
Bunuba	kantiy			unknown					spinifex wax
Burarra	galanyan			loan direction unknown
Candoshi-Shapra	kidoora (also 'honey')	kidoora		unique									See Language page
Carijona	akira (M2000)			unknown									See Language page
Cavineña	wini (G71)	wini (G71)		inheritance									See Language page
Central Aymara		mapˀa											See Language page
Cha'palaa		'či'ɲa-pe										The -pe suffix refers to items with a soft mass, such as 'brain' 04.203; 'mucus' 04.232. Cf. 'earwax' 04.222; 'excrement' 04.660.	See Language page
Chiriguano		ei-raitɨ		inheritance									See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		iyus (m.)											See Language page
Cofán	tuño	tuño										phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Cubeo	vácoema	vákoɛma	beeswax	unknown									See Language page
Dhay’yi	gunydyu			inheritance
Dhuwal	gonydyu			inheritance
Djapu	gu:nydyu			inheritance
Djeoromitxi	benĩka (beeswax)	benĩka (beeswax)											See Language page
Djinang	galanyan			loan direction unknown
Dâw	nẽeg saák	næ̃g ʃǎk		inheritance									See Language page
Epena		'hɨr̃ɨ										Refers to a tar-like product from small wild bee colonies.	See Language page
Ese Ejja		meme-wiɗi		inheritance									See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	wini taʔa	wini taʔa											See Language page
Eñepa	koropo; wanëpo	kɔrɔpɔ; wanëpɔ (MM)		unknown; unique					Alternate: wanëpɔ				See Language page
Gajirrabeng	katyarrang			loan		Gajirrabeng	WW	%katyarrang	beeswax; also penekin			beeswax
Guayabero	bénθit			unique		from 'bee'							See Language page
Gumatj	bu:nhdhu			unique
Gurindji	tyikala			loan		Jingulu	WW	%tyikala	perhaps proto beeswax			perhaps proto beeswax
Hodï	me'nau		beeswax	unique					Also: me'nau	Other complex	bãilã 'honey'		See Language page
Huambisa	napa nujiri (beeswax)	napa nuhiri											See Language page
Hup	næ̌ŋ cak (beeswax)	næ̌ŋ cak (beeswax)	beeswax	inheritance						Compound	bee climb?		See Language page
Ignaciano		'mapa-hi											See Language page
Itonama		o-woʔwo											See Language page
Jaru	watyan			inheritance
Jingulu	tyikala			loan direction unknown			WW	%tyikala	plant/ear wax; parnmi beeswax; kirnima spinifex wax
Kaingang	neɲ (beeswax; IDS)	neɲ											See Language page
Kakataibo		βo'i										Panoan βoičo with related meaning 'resin'.	See Language page
Karajarri	karaly			unique
Kariña	manipùta	manupuhta	wax, candle			Courtz 2007:313
Karitiana	oky	okɨ		unknown									See Language page
Katukina		mãčã											See Language page
Kija	tyurnukpi			inheritance					beeswax; Gaj. Mir, tyinuk
Kokama	mapa-uka	mapa-uka		unique		from loan 'bee'							See Language page
Koreguaje	maja 'resin, beeswax'	maxa 'resin, beeswax'		loan (into protolg?)		Quechua/Arawak?							See Language page
Kotiria	mi suhti	mi suhti	bee wax	unique						Compound	honey clothes/covering		See Language page
Kwazá	nũtynũ, nũtyrɛ	nũtynũ, nũtyrɛ											See Language page
Lengua		papa											See Language page
Lokono	pimittika	pimittika	wax										DeGoeje 1928:122
Maca		neḳfeyenhet (m.)											See Language page
Makushi	moronpɨ	moronpɨ	beeswax	inheritance	Pemongan subgroup								See Language page
Mangala	rlimirri			loan direction unknown
Mapudungun		yiwiɲ miski										From Augusta 1915.	See Language page
Matses	shubu (beeswax)	ʃubu (beeswax)		unknown									See Language page
Miriwung	talang			inheritance			WW	%tarla	beeswax; also kankarrng;semantic change? Kija tarla wax lid in beehive
Mocoví		rapik n-apa										Lit. 'honey 3p possessor-bunch'.	See Language page
Mosetén-Chimané		iix'pe											See Language page
Movima	chuidimba (J62)	tʃuidimba											See Language page
Mudburra	tyikala			loan direction unknown			WW	%tyikala
Murui Witoto	cɨicɨ (beeswax)	kɯikɯ (beeswax, B83)		unknown									See Language page
Máku		Φalabá 'candle; wax'											See Language page
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect		j'a: (Martins 1999)											See Language page
Napo Lowland Quichua	mapa 'beeswax'	mapa 'beeswax'											See Language page
Ngarluma	pulka			inheritance
Nheengatu	irawaçawa	irawaʃawa		unique						Other complex	ira 'honey' + çawa 'emphasis'		See Language page
Nimanburru	wark			inheritance
Nivaclé		yuus; ɬ-supˀax										The latter means 'la cara untada de miel'.	See Language page
Northern Emberá	kãdo'r̃ona 'beeswax' (IDS)	kãdo'r̃ona 'beeswax' (IDS)											See Language page
Nyangumarta	milirr			unique
Nyikina	wara			doubtful inheritance
Nyulnyul	wark			inheritance
Paraguayan Guaraní		araitɨ											See Language page
Pemon	morompue (A1981); maitakiing (E1980) (for rubbing on fishing rods)	morompue (A1981), maɪtakiŋ (E1980)		inheritance; unknown	Pemongan subgroup	shared Akawaio			Alternate:maɪtakiŋ (wax rubbed on fishing rods)				See Language page
Pilagá		ma-ʔage l-'apa										Lit. 'sweet-along 3pp-lump'.	See Language page
Puinave	am yak-ot (am=bee)	am yak-ot (am=bee)		unique									See Language page
Pumé	ẽ ĩbu 'beeswax'												See Language page
Páez	čhiʔdʸ [sela]	čhiʔdʸ [sela]											See Language page
Quechua Ayacuchano	mapa 'beeswax' (CP94)	mapa 'beeswax'											See Language page
Rembarrnga	pirti			unique
Ritharrngu	marnrdatya			inheritance
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		ayimpihik											See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		petkak											See Language page
Shipibo-Konibo		βoi											See Language page
Sikuani	manixuxu, banaxuxu (beeswax)	manixuxu, banaxuxu (beeswax)		loan; unique		Arawak mani 'resin'							See Language page
Siona	mãhã	mãhã		loan (into protolg?)		Quechua/Arawak?							See Language page
Sirionó	irao rɨmitãˌ tɨmitã (bee wax)	irao rɨmitãˌ tɨmitã (bee wax)		inheritance									See Language page
Southern Pastaza Quechua	mapa 'beehive' (cf. Arawak 'bee')	mapa 'beehive'											See Language page
Sáliva	mite	mite		unknown									See Language page
Tacana		wini											See Language page
Tiriyó	(j)orontï	(j)orontɨ		unknown									See Language page
Toba		pik l-apa ~ l-apa dapik										Lit. 'honey 3p possessor-lump'.	See Language page
Trinitario		mophui											See Language page
Tukano	mumi ɨ̂'ta (HR 97)	mumi ɨ̂ʔta (HR 97)		unique						Compound	bee excrement'		See Language page
Walmajarri	limirri			unknown					spinifex wax. Also watyarn			spinifex wax. Also watyarn
Waorani	gẽjĩ-ka (IDS)		bees wax	unique						Other complex	gẽyĩ=honey; ka=??		See Language page
Wapishana	maˀbaiˀba	maˀbaiˀba		unique							from 'bee'		See Language page
Wardaman	gatyarrang			missing		Gajirrabeng	WW	%katyarrang	beeswax;also penekin 'wax'
Waurá	i'yapi (beeswax; R73)	i'japi (beeswax; R73)		unknown									See Language page
Wayampi	ɛila-tɨkɛ ('honey-scrap')	ɛila-tɨkɛ ('honey-scrap')		inheritance									See Language page
Wayana	wanë molopin	wanǝ molopin		inheritance									See Language page
Wayuu		mapa-se										mapa is 'bee'.	See Language page
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		nakuwu-'tah-ɬes											See Language page
Yagua	jũtũ 'wax', quisiñapa 'beeswax'	xũtũ 'wax', kisiɲapa 'beeswax'		unique									See Language page
Yaminahua		ṣ̌ara mapo; ṣ̌ĩti											See Language page
Yan-nhangu	galanyin'			unique
Yanomami	puu nasi (beeswax) (MM07)	puu nasi (beeswax) (MM07)		unknown						Derived	puu na “bee,” -si some sort of classifier/derivation		See Language page
Yavitero	maha-c̷ia 'bee-excrement'	maha-tsia 'bee-excrement'											See Language page
Yawuru	karral			loan		Marrngu
Yir-Yoront	minmangn		ironwood wax	unique					With +mangn, in several 'wax' terms			The most frequently mentioned; other common types are ngurrmangn (beefwood), marrwarrn (sugarbag), purryimangn (pandanus), and there are several others from sugarbag.
Yukpa	vanomapúchare (vano 'honey')	βanomapúʃare (vano 'honey')											See Language page
Yukuna	pi'ijulaji	piʔihulahi	beeswax	unknown					Alternate: riʔihwí taɾaná; taɾanahi (earwax)	Simplex	-hi masculine/neuter gender marker		See Language page
Yulparija	manyal			unique
Záparo	tupaka	tupaka											See Language page


Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Apalai
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bardi
Barí
Bunuba
Burarra
Candoshi-Shapra
Carijona
Cavineña
Central Aymara
Cha'palaa
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Cofán
Cubeo
Dhay’yi
Dhuwal
Djapu
Djeoromitxi
Djinang
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Eñepa
Gajirrabeng
Guayabero
Gumatj
Gurindji
Hodï
Huambisa
Hup
Ignaciano
Itonama
Jaru
Jingulu
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Karajarri
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kija
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lengua
Lokono
Maca
Makushi
Mangala
Mapudungun
Matses
Miriwung
Mocoví
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Mudburra
Murui Witoto
Máku
Nadëb/Rio Negro dialect
Napo Lowland Quichua
Ngarluma
Nheengatu
Nimanburru
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Nyangumarta
Nyikina
Nyulnyul
Paraguayan Guaraní
Pemon
Pilagá
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Quechua Ayacuchano
Rembarrnga
Ritharrngu
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Shipibo-Konibo
Sikuani
Siona
Sirionó
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Sáliva
Tacana
Tiriyó
Toba
Trinitario
Tukano
Walmajarri
Waorani
Wapishana
Wardaman
Waurá
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yanomami
Yavitero
Yawuru
Yir-Yoront
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yulparija
Záparo

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