Languages of hunter-gatherers and their neighbors

Wardaman

Family
Isolate (AUS)
Region
Australia
ISO 639-3
wrr
Location
-15.53°, 131.88°
Notes
Features
Flora Fauna Vocabulary
Cultural Vocabulary
Ethnographic Information
Data Sources
none


Flora Fauna Vocabulary (127)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Linnean Name Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Etymology Notes Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Range of Term Word Structure Word Structure Notes Classifier Classifier Notes Hypernym Source Association with Social Categories Ritual/Mythologically Significant Ritual Notes Food Source Food Notes Medicinal Medicinal Notes How Collected Who Collects How Prepared Psychotropic Psychotropic Notes Traded Trade Notes Distribution Habitat Dangerous Ethnobiology Notes Species Notes General Notes
agile wallaby, river wallaby flora-fauna Macropus agilis garndarrin garndarrin unknown uncoded 0 1 0 0 0 no
ant (generic) hormiga formiga flora-fauna Formicidae mijbijin mijbijin unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
Australian pelican flora-fauna Pelecanus conspicillatus jarnarran jarnarran unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
Australian snubfin dolphin flora-fauna Orcaella heinsohnii missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
baler shell flora-fauna Melo amphora missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
bandicoot flora-fauna Peramelemorphia missing 0 0 0 0 0
barn owl flora-fauna Tyto alba guyarru guyarru unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
barramundi flora-fauna Lates calcarifer guwamba guwamba unknown uncoded 1 1 0 0 0 no
bat murciélago morcego flora-fauna Chiroptera spp warlang warlang unknown uncoded 0 1 0 0 0 no
bindii, caltrop flora-fauna Tribulus terrestris dalardala dalardala unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
bird pajaro, ave passaro flora-fauna reworewo reworewo unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-breasted buzzard flora-fauna Hamirostra melanosternon missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-faced cuckoo-shrike flora-fauna Coracina novaehollandiae biyawiyag biyawiyag unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
black-headed python flora-fauna Aspidites melanocephalus missing missing 0 2 0 0 0 no
black-soil yam flora-fauna Ipomoea diamantinensis missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
bloodwood flora-fauna Eucalyptus (Corymbia) bleeseri jirdbirdbi jirdbirdbi loan loan into Ngumpin etc WW %tyirtpirtpi uncoded 0 1 1 0 0 no
blowfly maggots flora-fauna Diptera, Sarcophagidae jininyin jininyin unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
blue-tongue lizard flora-fauna Tiliqua species burariman burariman unknown uncoded 0 1 0 0 0 no
blue-winged kookaburra flora-fauna Dacelo leachii gorrgorrman gorrgorrman unknown reduplicated partial 0 0 0 0 0 no
bluebone flora-fauna Choerodon cyanodus missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
brolga flora-fauna Grus rubicunda bornorron bornorron loan loan into Ngumpin etc as kalpun uncoded 1 0 0 0 0 no
brown goshawk flora-fauna Accipiter fasciatus gornbun gornbun unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
brush-tailed possum flora-fauna Trichosurus vulpecula dilygun dilygun unknown uncoded 0 1 0 0 0 no
bush cockroach flora-fauna (many species) gumurlurlun gumurlurlun unknown cf kumpirlang forms? uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
bush stone-curlew flora-fauna Burhinus grallarius wiliwuga wiliwuga unknown uncoded 1 0 0 0 0 no
bush tobacco flora-fauna Lobelia quadrangularis malmalmaj malmalmaj unknown uncoded 0 0 0 1 0 no
bush turkey, Australian bustard flora-fauna Ardeotis australis jegban jegban unknown uncoded 0 1 0 0 0 no
bush yam flora-fauna Vigna lanceolata var. lanceolata wayida wayida loan Mudburra WW %wayita uncoded 0 1 2 0 1 no
butterfly, moth mariposa borboleta flora-fauna Lepidoptera merlemerlem merlemerlem unknown source of malimali forms or loan from them? WW %malimali uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
carpet snake flora-fauna Morelia spilota missing 0 1 0 0 0
caterpillar flora-fauna Lepidoptera jarrnguna jarrnguna unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
catfish flora-fauna (many species) ginyang ginyang unknown different fish sp. In Gur electric? uncoded 0 1 0 0 0 no
centipede ciempiés centopéia flora-fauna Chilopoda, Myriapoda jalarrin jalarrin unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
channel-billed cuckoo flora-fauna Scythops novaehollandiae ganbarlarla unique missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
crested pigeon flora-fauna Ocyphaps lophotes ganbarlarla ganbarlarla unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
darter/cormorant flora-fauna Anhinga melanogaster, Phalacrocorax species barragbarrag barragbarrag unknown uncoded 0 1 0 0 0 no
death adder, five-minute snake flora-fauna Acanthophis praelongus jembe jembe unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 yes
dingo flora-fauna Canis familiaris dingo ngarrajananggu ngarrajananggu unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
dog (camp, domestic) perro cachorro flora-fauna Canis familiaris minini minini unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
duck pato pato, marreco flora-fauna Anatidae missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
dugong flora-fauna Dugon dugong missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
earthworm flora-fauna Annelida, Oligochaeta missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
emu flora-fauna Dromaius novaehollandiae gumurrinji gumurrinji unknown uncoded 2 1 2 0 0 no
fish (generic) pez peixe flora-fauna barrunin barrunin unknown uncoded 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
flower flora-fauna (NA) ngayal ngayal unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
blowfly/housefly mosca mosca flora-fauna Diptera warlngin warlngin unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
flying-fox (generic) flora-fauna (many species) ganben ganben unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
freshwater crocodile flora-fauna Crocodylus johnstoni warrija warrija unknown WW %warrity uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
freshwater mussel flora-fauna Velesunio wilsoni naribu naribu unknown uncoded 0 1 0 0 0 no
freshwater prawn flora-fauna Macrobrachium rosenbergii jeliny jeliny unknown cf. Kaj. Jilginy, Gurindji jaalij WW ?%tyilkiny uncoded 0 1 0 0 0 no
frill-necked lizard flora-fauna Chlamydosaurus kingii missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
frog (generic) flora-fauna (many species) jabarlng jabarlng unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
galah flora-fauna Eolophus roseicapilla missing 0 0 0 0 0
turtle (generic) flora-fauna (many species) gornorrong gornorrong unknown uncoded 0 1 0 0 0 no
ghost gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus papuana (Corymbia bella) missing missing 2 0 1 0 0 no
goanna (generic) or sand goanna flora-fauna Varanus spp malbardajgu malbardajgu unknown uncoded 0 1 2 0 0 no
grass hierba, pasto capim, grama flora-fauna (NA) wolon wolon unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
grasshopper flora-fauna Orthoptera belejejeman belejejeman unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
great bowerbird flora-fauna Chlamydera nuchalis jorijorij jorijorij unknown uncoded 1 0 0 0 0 no
green ant flora-fauna Oecophylla smaragdina gonbowon gonbowon unknown uncoded 0 2 2 0 0 no
green sea turtle flora-fauna Chelonia mydas jurrul jurrul unknown uncoded 1 1 0 0 0 no
green tree snake flora-fauna Dendrelaphis punctulata missing missing 0 2 0 0 0 no
head/body lice flora-fauna Pediculus capitis, Pediculus humanus didin didin unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
horse caballo cavalho flora-fauna Equus caballus nelu nelu unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
hummingbird colibrí, picaflor (Peru) beija-flor flora-fauna Trochilidae wirritwirrit wirritwirrit loan ?humming bird missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
humpback whale flora-fauna Megaptera novaeangliae missing missing 1 1 0 0 0 no
insect (generic) insecto insecto flora-fauna generic dilabududuj dilabududuj unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
jabiru flora-fauna Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus missing 0 0 0 0 0
jungle-fowl (scrub-fowl) flora-fauna Megapodius freycinet missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
kangaroo (generic) flora-fauna Macropodidae missing missing 2 1 0 0 0 no
land snail flora-fauna Gastropoda gadag gadag unknown WW as container WW %katak uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
magpie goose flora-fauna Anseranas semipalmata lombun lombun unknown uncoded 0 1 0 0 0 no
military dragon flora-fauna Ctenophorus isolepis, Diporiphora spp., Lophognathus spp. missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
mosquito mosquito, zancudo mosquito, carapana flora-fauna Anopheles spp, Isoptera garlirlin garlirlin unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
mud wasp, hornet flora-fauna (many species) larlgaburra larlgaburra unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
native bee flora-fauna (many species) yigawarl yigawarl unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
native cat flora-fauna Dasyurus jibudu jibudu unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
northern brown bandicoot flora-fauna Isoodon macrourus gawiyan gawiyan unknown uncoded 0 1 0 0 0 no
northern kurrajong flora-fauna Brachychiton diversifolius dagdagin dagdagin unknown uncoded 0 1 no? 0 0 no
nut tree flora-fauna Terminalia grandifolia bardigi bardigi unknown loan into Ngumpin etc WW %partiki uncoded 0 1 0 0 0 no
octopus flora-fauna Octopus australis missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
pandanus palm flora-fauna Pandanus spiralis mamarranygu mamarranygu unknown uncoded 1 1 0 0 1 no
paperbark flora-fauna Melaleuca sericea, Melaleuca stenostachya giliwinin giliwinin unique missing 0 0 1 0 0 no
peaceful dove flora-fauna Geopelia placida godjogodjog godjogodjog unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
pearlshell flora-fauna Pinctada spp missing missing 1 1 0 0 1 no
peewee flora-fauna Gryllina cyanoleuca gulirrida gulirrida unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
pied butcherbird flora-fauna Cracticus nigrogularis jorlborrman jorlborrman unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
pike eel flora-fauna Muraenesox arabicus missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
praying mantis, stick insects mantis religiosa louva-a-deus flora-fauna Mantodea missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
prickle bush flora-fauna Sclerolaena bicornis missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
quail (generic) flora-fauna Coturnix species, Turnix species jidij jidij unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
red river gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus camaldulensis missing missing 2 0 1 0 1 no
red-tailed black-cockatoo flora-fauna Calyptorhynchus banksi lirrawin lirrawin unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
riflefish, archerfish flora-fauna Toxotes chatareus lawarra lawarra loan Jarragan Kaj. Leparre WW %leparre uncoded 0 1 0 0 0 no
river mangrove flora-fauna Aegicera corniculatum missing missing 0 0 2 0 1 no
rock fig flora-fauna Ficus brachypoda bunge bunge unknown uncoded 0 1 0 0 0 no
sacred kingfisher flora-fauna Todiramphus sancta jorrerrngman jorrerrngman unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
saltwater crocodile flora-fauna Crocodylus porosus missing missing 2 2 0 0 0 yes
saltwater mussel flora-fauna Mytilidae missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no
sawfish flora-fauna Pristis pectinata missing missing 1 0 0 0 0 yes
scorpion escorpión; alacran escorpião flora-fauna Arachnida, Scorpiones mundarla mundarla unknown WW %muntala uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
shark (generic) flora-fauna Selachimorpha missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 variable
shell (generic) flora-fauna missing missing 0 1 0 0 1 no
short-beaked echidna flora-fauna Tachyglossus aculeatus missing missing 0 2 0 0 0 no
snake (generic) culebra, serpiente cobra flora-fauna linin linin unknown uncoded 0 1 0 0 0 N/A
snappy gum flora-fauna Eucalyptus brevifolia missing missing 0 0 1 0 0 no
spider araña aranha flora-fauna Arachnida, Araneae garab garab unknown WW %karru uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
spinifex flora-fauna Triodia species manag manag unknown uncoded 0 0 2 0 0 no
spoonbills (yellow-billed spoonbill, black-billed spoonbill) flora-fauna Platalea flavipes, Platalea regia missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
stingray (generic) rayas látigo, raya arraia flora-fauna Dasyatidae nuŋgurlma nuŋgurlma unknown uncoded 0 1 0 0 0 variable
stripe-faced dunnart flora-fauna Sminthopsis macroura kunatyarri unique missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
sugarbag wax flora-fauna gajarrang gajarrang loan with meaning change Kajirrabeng Kaj. Spinifex wax direction <N. Jarragan -ng WW %katyarrang uncoded 1 1 0 0 0 no
sulphur-crested cockatoo flora-fauna Cacatua galerita ngaleleg ngaleleg unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
swamp leech flora-fauna Annelida, Hirudinea missing missing 0 0 0 0 0 no
tawny frogmouth flora-fauna Podargus strigoides judiyina judiyina unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
termite mounds, ant hills flora-fauna Isoptera jarrulu jarrulu unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
termites, white-ants comején (Peru), termitas cupim flora-fauna (many species) namulu namulu unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
ti-tree flora-fauna Melaleuca bracteata missing missing 0 0 1 0 0 no
tick garrapata carrapato flora-fauna Arachnida, Acarina ngarndag ngarndag unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
torresian crow flora-fauna Corvus orru wagwag wagwag unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
tree árbol arvore flora-fauna (NA) yumin yumin unknown uncoded 0 0 0 0 0 no
waterlily flora-fauna Nymphaea macrosperma garlwarrg garlwarrg unknown uncoded 0 1 2 0 0 no
wattle flora-fauna Acacia difficilis missing missing 0 0 1 0 1 no
wedge-tailed eagle flora-fauna Aquila audax bulyan bulyan unknown uncoded 1 0 0 0 0 no
willie wagtail flora-fauna Rhipidura leucophrys digirrija digirrija loan Mudburra a from Mudburra WW %tyikirrity uncoded 1 0 0 0 0 no
witchetty grub flora-fauna (many species) laju laju loan WW %latyu uncoded 0 1 2 0 0 no
woma flora-fauna Aspidites ramsayii missing missing 0 1 0 0 0 no


Cultural Vocabulary (103)
English Spanish Portuguese Semantic Field Part of Speech Orthographic Form Phonemicized Form Gloss as in Source Etymology Code Proto-Form Proto-Language Loan Source Wanderwort Status Etyma Set Etymology Notes Word Structure Word Structure Notes General Notes Source
armband dress taman loan direction unknown WW %taman also yerrel; loan into Gur; and pinpin<Mir.
bag (string) culture-material tupuluty unknown WW %tupuluty also karlarr < Gajirrabeng 'net'; kinan
boomerang (number 7) subsistence tool warrirtila loan Mudburra WW %warrirtila
bowl (coolamon) culture-material korlun unknown WW %kawala also boat; kuwarla coolamon cf Gur. Kawarla
club (nulla-nulla) subsistence tool kuturu loan Ngarinyman WW %kuturu
digging stick subsistence tool milirri unknown WW %milirri
fishing line cordel/cuerda p/ pescar, sedal, tanze linha de pesca subsistence tool wirlwirli loan direction unknown
resin resina, brea, copal resina, brea, breu subsistence tool tini loan Jaminjung WW %tiyinu
song (generic) canción, canto canção culture-mythology pantimi loan direction unknown WW %pantimi women's songs
spear lanza lança subsistence tool karnin loan Jaminjung WW %karna also beer; kija big spear; also ngone
spear (fishing) subsistence tool wirlmurr loan Gajirrabeng WW %wilmurr
string (from vine) culture-material tyuntu loan Miriwung WW %tyentu
wax cera cera other gatyarrang missing Gajirrabeng WW %katyarrang beeswax;also penekin 'wax'
healer curandero benzador, curandeiro, kumu (Tukano) culture-mythology kunpilin loan direction unknown native doctor; also kurang; tuturrpngana -person who stabs , presumably European doctor
house (European) other tyolpart loan direction unknown WW %tyolpot station homestead, also hut
tobacco (European) narcotics peka loan Kriol mapaty tobacco & ash plug; nguru tobacco plug
dreaming culture-mythology puwarraja loan Mudburra yimurna, yinginirra paternal d.
afterworld, land of dead, Heaven tierra do los muertos terra dos mortos culture-mythology missing
awl subsistence tool missing
axe/stone axe hacha (de piedra) machado (de pedra) subsistence tool parntan unknown karlpang stone axe
bait for fishing cebo, carnada para pescar, empate (Peru) isca subsistence tool missing
basket (general) canasta, canasto, cesta cesto culture-material yawurran Doubtful loan Miriwung dish, receptacle, tank etc; Mir. Yawuny coolamon
body feather decorations culture-mythology missing
boomerang/throwing stick (generic) subsistence tool puran inheritance
boomerang (small) subsistence tool missing
bottle botella garrafa acculturation missing
broom escoba vassoura culture-material missing
canoe canoa canoa transport korlun semantic shift <coolamon
cat gato gato acculturation kutyapi loan direction unknown
chicken gallina galinha acculturation missing
cicatrice culture-mythology mapurn unknown also scar
clapsticks culture-mythology missing
clothing ropa roupa culture-mythology yiwarlng unknown dress, clothes
cook food food pa- inheritance
cook in earth oven food missing
corpse food missing
damper food missing
dance (generic) culture-mythology loyi- unknown verb
dipper (small coolamon) subsistence tool missing
dream sueño, soñar sonho, sonhar culture-mythology porre missing
drone pipe culture-mythology marlukparr unknown
earth oven food missing
fire drill subsistence tool tyingkiny unknown Premna acuminata
fire-saw other missing
fireplace hogar lareira other missing
firewood leña lenha other missing
fish poison barbasco, matapez (Colombia) timbó subsistence tool kelerrnga unknown a type, Strychnos lucida; another type mentyen Planchonia careya;mawuya poison in general
fish (with fish-poison) pescar con barbasco, barbasquear pescar com timbó; tinguijar food missing
fish (with line) anzuelear, pescar con linea pescar (com linha) food missing
fish (with spear) food missing
fishtrap (permanent) subsistence tool missing
fishtrap (woven) subsistence tool missing
flour (bush) food missing
flour (European) food missing
game animal caza, animal de caza caça, animal de caça food kuntyu loan Wambaya kUntyu meat
ghost (of dead person)/evil spirit espíritu malo, espíritu maligno, fantasma, demonio espirito culture-mythology marnten unknown
glue subsistence tool missing also whitefella
grave tumba, sepultura, sepulcro sepultura, sepulcro, cova culture-mythology kontyon doubtful inheritance also ground;yimurrum graveyard
grog food semantic shift
gun arma, escopeta espingarda, fusil acculturation wungarru unknown rifle
hair belt dress warliwun unknown
hat sombero chapéu dress missing kumurntunga headdress
headband dress pakiri loan Kriol Merlan says <Kril? Also karlampang, keremerr
honey miel mel food koyin unknown also ngurlu
hunt cazar caçar food unique
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology missing pkoko go foraging about
initiation (circumcision) culture-mythology yiytyo unknown
knife cuchillo faca culture-material tyimirnti unknown
loincloth taparrabos, guayuco, pampanilla tanga, tapa-sexo dress tungkululu unknown pubic covering for man and woman; also yarningki
love song culture-mythology missing
mangrove raft transport missing
medicine narcotics missing
message stick culture-mythology missing
mortar mortero pilão subsistence tool tyapalawarna loan Jaminjung large flat stone needed for food preparation; via Mudburra
net subsistence tool missing
nosepeg other kiyarla unknown
paddle/oar remo remo transport missing
ochre culture-mythology unique kilirringa yellow paint
paint body, body paint pintura corporal pintura corporal culture-mythology missing
paper papel papel acculturation missing
pestle pilón, mano de mortero, mazo, moledor mão de pilão subsistence tool missing
pipe for tobacco pipa cachimbo other missing
policeman polícia policía acculturation yinyikpan inheritance <nyik ?tie [not listed] complex
public song cycle culture-mythology missing
red paint culture-mythology missing
salt sal sal food missing
school escuela escola acculturation missing
shelter (native) other missing
shoes zapatos sapatos dress missing
skirt falda, saya, fustan, pollera saia culture-material missing
song (for entertainment) culture-mythology warrangkin inheritance corroboree; warrang sing complex
spear (fighting) subsistence tool missing
spearthrower subsistence tool kuyanggin unknown
speartip subsistence tool kinytan unknown stone spear'; als tyapirri k.o. stone spear point; yalatyan wooden s.p.
spirit child culture-mythology ngayatyan unknown also yimerruk, yingengengemarni
string (from hair) culture-material wuma unknown string, cors [of devil-dogs] [only this]
sugar acculturation marranyin semantic shift <sand
tea food yalarrk semantic shift <leaf
tobacco (native) narcotics malmalmaty unknown
tree coffin culture-mythology karlang unknown
white paint culture-mythology missing
windbreak other missing
yandy (n) culture-material missing


Ethnographic Information
Current Population (speakers) Former Population Estimate Subsistence Preference Density Sedentism Ecotome Marriage Pattern Notes Source
large HG low mobile