Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

shoes

Semantic Field: dress
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: zapatos
Meaning Portuguese: sapatos

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source

Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source
Aché		pɨčã-bire												See Language page
Aguaruna	[sapat]	[sapat]												See Language page
Apalai	sapatu	sapatu												See Language page
Araona		wac̷i-hozoi											wac̷i is 'foot'.	See Language page
Ashuar	sapát	sapát												See Language page
Ayoreo		'giidaai; uči'e-di											Also 'giidaai u'čiedi, lit. 'stepped on'.	See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	missing			missing
Bardi	purtyu			loan			English
Baure	sopot	sopot												See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	mampuh, mampyh		shoes, sandals	inheritance	*naNpa	Northern Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 938a with consonant assim; Cherry Creek, Duckwater have nampyh 'foot-abs'	other complex			Crapo 1976
Bora	túhapáájɨ (túhaá 'foot')	tʰɯ́ʔapʰááxɨ												See Language page
Burarra	but			loan			English
Cahuilla	waqa-t		shoes	inheritance	waCci(kaC0	Northern Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1955 has parens around the first C, curse excel	other complex			Seiler & Hioki 1979
Carapana	yʉ rʉpo	yʉ rʉpo												See Language page
Cavineña	sapato-ki (from the Spanish "zapato")	sapato-ki												See Language page
Central Aymara		pˀulʸḳu												See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	mómko-		moccasin	inheritance		Proto-Sierra Miwok		WW	%moko	see Miss momko	simplex			Freeland & Broadbent 1960
Cha'palaa		['sa'patus]											From Span. 'zapato'.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	pagapY		moccasins, shoes	inheritance	*paNcaN	Numic				Stubbs 2011 1957; patsA 'moccasin'	other complex			Harrington Chemehuevi Noun List (K. Hill 1969)
Chipaya		č̣ʰata											Refers to sandals. To put on sandals is č̣ʰat-š.	See Language page
Chiriguano		[sapato]												See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		-fʷey (m.)												See Language page
Chumash Ineseno	sapatu		shoe	loan			Spanish	WW	%zapato		simplex			Applegate 1972
Chumash Obispeno	snipajmu7		shoes	unknown							derived	lit. 'pisador'		Harrington
Chumash Ventureno	sapatu		shoe	loan			Spanish	WW	%zapato	7eqenmu 'sandal' Applegate 1973 4-12	simplex			Mamet 2008
Cocopa	xmanyáw		shoes (unpossessed)	inheritance		Proto-Yuman				JHH; see Kiliwa	simplex			Crawford 1989
Cofán	sapato	sapato											phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS	See Language page
Comanche	napy		shoe, footprint, trail	inheritance	*naNpa	Northern Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 938a	simplex			R
Cubeo	cʉraido	kɨrai-do	shoe (sg)	unknown							Derived	kɨlai from 'floor' or 'step'?		See Language page
Cupeño	waq'a (possessed form)		shoes	inheritance	waCci(kaC0	Northern Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1955 has parens around the first C, curse excel	other complex			Hill & Nolasquez 1973
Desano	sapatu	sapatu		missing										See Language page
Dhangu	dhapathuŋ(')			loan			Makassar	WW	%dhapathung
Dhuwal	dhapathuŋ(')			loan			Makassar	WW	%dhapathung
Djinang	dyapatyuŋgi			loan			Makassar	WW	%dhapathung
Dâw	sapat	ʃapat		missing										See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	e-heo-xi (singular "shoe")	e-heo-xi (singular "shoe")												See Language page
Esselen	missing			missing
Eñepa	pataye	pataje		unique							Compound	pata=foot; je= container		See Language page
Gabrielino	āh-nā-nāv-sahCH		shoes, moccasins worn by men in winter	inheritance	*napo	Northern Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 938	other complex, reduplicated			Merriam (McCawley 1996)
Gumatj	dyapathu			loan			Makassar	WW	%dhapathung
Gupapuyngu	dyapathu			loan			Makassar	WW	%dhapathung
Gurindji	tyamana			semantic shift						<foot
Hodï	menahesta	menahesta	shoe	unique										See Language page
Hup	capatu (sapato)	capatu (sapato)		loan			East Tukanoan			Port source; Tariana sapatu; Yanomam sapato; Hup capatu	Simplex			See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	hemenyaaw		his shoes, sandals	inheritance		Proto-Yuman				JHH; see Kiliwa	simplex			Couro & Hutcheson 1973
Iquito	sápatu	sápatu (Sp)												See Language page
Itonama		nitasni											Means sandal.	See Language page
Jaru	yunku			semantic shift						<foot
Jingulu	yunku			semantic shift						< foot
Kaingang	pɛ̃n nɛ; pɛ̃n to rɔ (IDS)	pɛ̃n nɛ; pɛ̃n to rɔ												See Language page
Kakataibo		taṣ̌aka												See Language page
Kamayurá	pɨru	pɨru												See Language page
Karajarri	tyina putu			inheritance
Kariña	sapato	sapato	shoe				Courtz 2007:363
Karitiana	pipykyp	pipɨkɨp												See Language page
Katukina		taʔɨ šaka											Lit. 'foot covering/casing/shell' 04.370; 03.655.	See Language page
Kawaiisu	paca(-vi/-vyzi)		shoe	inheritance	*paNcaN	Numic				Stubbs 2011 1957	other complex			Zigmond et al. 1990
Kiliwa	m-x+nyaw		shoe, footgear	inheritance		Proto-Yuman				JHH; see 'Iipay AA	derived			Mixco 1985
Kitanemuk	navo(-)kaha-c		shoe or sandal	inheritance	*napo-kaka	Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 938, 1954	compound other complex	I'll bet this is retrievable synchronically		Anderton 1988
Kokama	pɨta + chiru 'foot cloth'	pɨta + tʃiru 'foot cloth'												See Language page
Koreguaje	cũ'akoro	kũ'akhoro												See Language page
Kotiria	dahpo suhtiro	dahpo suhtiro		unique							Compound	foot clothes'		See Language page
Kwazá	cohasiki	cohasiki												See Language page
Lake Miwok	missing			missing
Lokono	kothike(-he)	kotʰike(-he)	shoe											Pet 1987:370
Luiseño	wachxat		shoe	inheritance	waCci(kaC0	Northern Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1955 has parens around the first C, curse excel	other complex			Elliott 1999
Maca		-ḳekˀeweʔ (f.); -ḳekˀeweykiʔ											Respectively: open shoe (sandal) 'ojota, abarca'; zapato de cuero grueso con cordones.	See Language page
Macaguan	sapát	sapát		loan			Spanish?			Maybe via Arawak?	Simplex			See Language page
Maidu	bolók'o		shoe, footgear	loan			Sierra Miwok	WW	%moko	also soló 'shoe, footprint'	simplex			Shipley 1963
Maihiki	ɨojo ja	ɨoxo xã		unknown										See Language page
Makushi	pisaʔsaʔ	pisaʔsaʔ		unknown										See Language page
Mangala	tyina putu			inheritance
Mapudungun		[sapatu]											From Spanish 'zapato'. Ranquel form is sumel ~ čomel.	See Language page
Matses	tapucudte	tapukudte												See Language page
Miriwung	yampalng			semantic shift						from foot
Mocoví		la-pelaʔ												See Language page
Mojave	nyahmanyow		sandals,shoes	inheritance		Proto-Yuman				JHH; see Kiliwa	derived			Munro et al. 1992
Mosetén-Chimané		[sa'pato]											From Span. 'zapato'.	See Language page
Movima	sapato (from Sp)	sapato (from Sp)												See Language page
Murui Witoto	eɨllɨ ico ('foot-sole ?')	ɛɯdʒɯ iko ('foot-sole ?') (B83)												See Language page
Mutsun	hŏ-to'		moccasins for men (summer)	inheritance		Proto-Costanoan				Santa Cruz ha/-ta (Henshaw in Heizer 1955:162); xotox 'shoes' Mason 1916:434	simplex			Merriam 39:95
Nadëb/Roçado dialect		ʃapãt		loan			Spanish/Portuguese							See Language page
Ngarluma	tyutyiku			loan
Ninam	mãhuk pesi	mãhuk pesi		unique						Same as “stocking”	Derived	mãhuk, “foot,” pesi looks like a general word for clothes, etc.		See Language page
Nisenan	solo		shoe, moccasin	inheritance	*soló	Proto-Maiduan				Ultan 1964:366	simplex			Uldall & Shipley 1966
Nivaclé		-kfiʔy; -xof											The latter is the traditional shoe made of uncured leather.	See Language page
Northern Paiute	sogomoko		moccasin	loan			Sierra Miwok	WW	%moko	only in W. Numic; Stubbs 2011 1958	compound			Yerington 1987
Northern Sierra Miwok	sapa:tu-		shoe; moccasins	loan			Spanish			solo:me- moccasins, shoes 200; could be loan from Maiduan *solo, or loan might be other direction	simplex			Callaghan 1987
Nyangumarta	tyutyika			loan			English
Ocaina	uhyóbuca	ɯʔjóbɯka												See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		[sapatu]												See Language page
Paresi	ikijitini	ikitʃitini												See Language page
Pemon	sapatu			Loan			Spanish/Portuguese			Tariana sapatu; Yanomam sapato; Hup capatu, Pemon sapatu				See Language page
Piapoco	nùabàlìricúiri (lit. 'what I put on my feet')	nùabàlìrikúiri (lit. 'what I put on my feet')												See Language page
Piaroa	capátuk' (singular)	capátukɁ												See Language page
Pilagá		l-apelaʔ											Cf. 'foot' 04.370.	See Language page
Plains Miwok	sapa:tu-		shoes	loan			Spanish	WW	%zapato		simplex			Callaghan 1984
Puinave	-sim-yak; [sapatu]	-sim-yak; [sapatu]												See Language page
Pumé	taɔ-hõɛ													See Language page
Páez	[spaatu]	[spaatu]												See Language page
Qawasqar		[c̷eḳwor]											From Tehuelche 'čekor'. Bo, SpC record the same for Central QWS.	See Language page
Resígaro	hii?pa?-tsí?aa?dó	hiiʔpaʔ-tsíʔaaʔdó		doubtful calque			Local			See Bora, Yucuna	Derived	hiiʔpaʔ = “foot,” -tsíʔaaʔdó analyzed as a classifier meaning “shoe,” but this word is the only example given.		See Language page
Salinan A	oxwa/t		moccasins	unknown						T-e-šxa7a:yé7 'shoe' Turner 1987:101; šxéxe7 'shoe' (Jacobsen) Turner 1987:110 illustrating phonological decay (first is Harrington)	simplex			Mason 1918
Salinan M	missing			missing
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		atkiska amnik											Also, optional variant: apnaktitma apmankok.	See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		teyaypehek												See Language page
Selknam		xamniʔ												See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	pazáato		shoe	loan			Spanish	WW	%zapato		simplex			Moser & Marlett 2005
Serrano	waqāt		shoes	inheritance	waCci(kaC0	Northern Uto-Aztecan				Stubbs 2011 1955 has parens around the first C, curse excel	other complex			K. Hill Dict.
Siona	kotˀo	kotˀo												See Language page
Sirionó	eiyao	eijao												See Language page
Southern Paiute	pattshA		moccasins, shoes	inheritance	*paNca	Numic				Stubbs 2011 1957	simplex			Sapir
Southern Pastaza Quechua	sapatu (Sp)	sapatu (Sp)												See Language page
Southern Sierra Miwok	sapa:to-		shoes	loan			Spanish	WW	%zapato	momko moccasin 327	simplex			Broadbent 1964
Southern Ute	pacA		shoe	inheritance	*paNca	Numic				Stubbs 2011 1957	simplex			Givon
Tacana		poloko												See Language page
Tanimuca	ũʔpu ko'a	ũʔpu ko'a												See Language page
Tariana	sapatu	sapatu		loan			Portuguese			Yanomam sapato; Hup capatu	Simplex			See Language page
Taushiro	a'to'ha	aʔtoʔha												See Language page
Tehuelche		'aʔyen											Any foot covering.	See Language page
Tiriyó	(pï)tai (probably related to (pï)ta, sole of foot)	(pɨ)tai												See Language page
Toba		l-apelaʔ												See Language page
Tuyuka	zapato	zapato												See Language page
Tübatulabal	wongkol		shoes	loan	*woNko	Uto-Aztecan	Southern Sierra Miwok	WW	%moko	Stubbs 2011 1956, cognate is Mayo wok 'put on shoes'; CHM wah-haht' men's moccasins 49:261	other complex			K. Hill Tub>Eng
Tümpisa Shoshone	pantsan		shoe, moccasin	inheritance	*paNca	Numic				Stubbs 2011 1957	simplex			Dayley 1989
Urarina	safwato	safwato												See Language page
Wai Wai	kɨ-hta-rɨ	kɨ-hta-rɨ		loan			Spanish/Portuguese							See Language page
Waorani	awæ̃ka-ta (IDS)			unique										See Language page
Wappo	phè7 cháp'e		shoe	unknown							phrase			Sawyer 1965
Warrwa	-yambal-wurru			semantic shift
Washo	mok'o		shoe	loan			Northern Paiute	WW	%moko	mokgo whj 100	simplex			Washo Project Dictionary
Wayampi	[sapatɔ]	[sapatɔ]												See Language page
Wayana	hapatu (loan Sp.)	hapatu (loan Sp.)												See Language page
Western Mono	moqO		shoe	loan			Sierra Miwok	WW	%moko	only in W. Numic; Stubbs 2011 1958	simplex			Loether & Bethel 1993
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		ni'soh											Refers to a sandal or foot-covering.	See Language page
Wintu	t'a:mus		shoe(s), ladyslipper flower	inheritance	*t'amu	Proto-Wintun				Shepherd 2006:183	derived			Schlichter 1981
Yabarana		sapato												See Language page
Yagua	numutujo (from 'foot'), sapatu	numutuxo (from 'foot'), sapatu												See Language page
Yaminahua		o-ṣ̌aka-mɨ-ti; [sapato]												See Language page
Yan-nhangu	dha:bathuŋ			loan			Makassar	WW	%dhapathung
Yanomam	sapato	sapato		loan			Spanish/Portuguese			Tariana sapatu; Yanomam sapato; Hup capatu	Simplex			See Language page
Yanomami	mamikɨtitioma (MM07)	mamikɨtitioma (MM07)		unique						neologism	Phrase	literal translation “to put the foot (in)”, gloss not given		See Language page
Yavapai	ñhñó		shoe	inheritance		Proto-Yuman				JHH; see Kiliwa	simplex			Shaterian 1983
Yavitero	c̷a'hatu (Sp loan)	tsaʔhatu (Sp loan)												See Language page
Yawuru	jinaburd			loan
Yokuts Palewyami	tom'-mi		sandals	inheritance		Proto-Yokutsan				see Yawelmani tamay	simplex			Berman 2002
Yokuts Yawdanchi	dahitci		moccasin	inheritance		Proto-Nim-Yokuts				Merriam 44:181 has Yowl. lah'-hiCH 'moccasin'	simplex			Kroeber 1907
Yokuts Yawelmani	tam'ay		sandal	inheritance		Proto-Yokutsan				Merriam 44:181 has lah'-hiCH 'moccasin'; Merriam 44:339 Yawdanchi tam-mi' 'moccasins for men' ; and CHM's Palewyami tom-mi 'moccasins' gives Py form	simplex			Berman 2002
Yuki	mek'o7ol'		shoe (foot.put.on-instrument)	loan			Miwokan	WW	%moko	also sapate, sapato	derived			Sawyer & Schlichter 1984
Yukpa	sapatu													See Language page
Yukuna	ji'ima'ulaji	hiʔimaʔulahi		doubtful calque			Local			See Bora, Resigaro	Derived	hiʔima = “foot” ʔulahi = “cover”		See Language page
Yulparija	yakapiri			semantic shift


Aché
Aguaruna
Apalai
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Bankalachi Toloim
Bardi
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Burarra
Cahuilla
Carapana
Cavineña
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Desano
Dhangu
Dhuwal
Djinang
Dâw
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Gumatj
Gupapuyngu
Gurindji
Hodï
Hup
Iipay 'Aa
Iquito
Itonama
Jaru
Jingulu
Kaingang
Kakataibo
Kamayurá
Karajarri
Kariña
Karitiana
Katukina
Kawaiisu
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kokama
Koreguaje
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Maihiki
Makushi
Mangala
Mapudungun
Matses
Miriwung
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Nadëb/Roçado dialect
Ngarluma
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Nyangumarta
Ocaina
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Resígaro
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Selknam
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Siona
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Pastaza Quechua
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Tacana
Tanimuca
Tariana
Taushiro
Tehuelche
Tiriyó
Toba
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waorani
Wappo
Warrwa
Washo
Wayampi
Wayana
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yabarana
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yan-nhangu
Yanomam
Yanomami
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yawuru
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yawelmani
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Yulparija

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