Yokuts Yawelmani
- Family
- Penutian
- Region
- North America
- ISO 639-3
- Location
- 35.56°, -119.07°
- Notes
- Features
-
Cultural Vocabulary
- Data Sources
- none
Cultural Vocabulary (105)
| English | Spanish | Portuguese | Semantic Field | Part of Speech | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | General Notes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acorn mush | food | t'e:pin | acorn mush | inheritance | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | Yawdanchi tipin 'acorn-bread' Kroeber 1907:236' according to Merriam, t'e:pin is 'acorn soup' and acorn mush is te-wit te-pin (44:193) | derived | verbal noun in -n | Newman 1944 | |||||||||
| ball game | food | k'aTliwT | retranscribed | shinney game | unknown | derived | surely a verbal noun | Harrington | ||||||||||
| afterworld, land of dead, Heaven | tierra do los muertos | terra dos mortos | culture-mythology | missing | missing | |||||||||||||
| feather headband | dress | cux | headdress (ceremonial) | inheritance | *chux | Proto-Yokuts | Palewyami cux (Gamble 1991:75); also sām'-mah 'headband for dancing only' | simplex | Golla 1964 | |||||||||
| arrow | flecha | flecha | subsistence tool | t'ujos | arrow | inheritance | *t'ujos | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | talap Kroeber 284 (looks like 'bow') | derived | see t'uyu 'to shoot' | Golla1964 | ||||||
| arrow straightener | other | wiS-a:c' | arrow-straightener | unknown | derived | *we:Si 'straighten' | Newman 1944 | |||||||||||
| bait for fishing | cebo, carnada para pescar, empate (Peru) | isca | subsistence tool | missing | missing | |||||||||||||
| school | escuela | escola | acculturation | missing | missing | |||||||||||||
| stone bowl | culture-material | k'oywos | bowl for pounding acorns | unknown | simplex | and Newman 218 | Berman 2002 | |||||||||||
| basket (general) | canasta, canasto, cesta | cesto | culture-material | t'e:wiCh | C is c subdot | basket (large) | inheritance | *t'e:wiTh | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | Callaghan 1997:35 gives as Pyv only; chaw>t 'large cooking bowl, twined' Merriam 44:189, ahn-ash 'large pack basket' | simplex | Golla 1964 | ||||||
| basket, small | canasta, canasto, cesta | cesto pequeno, tampado | culture-material | tā-witch | small mush or soup bowl (twined) | inheritance | *t'e:wiTh | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | simplex | Merriam 44:189 | ||||||||
| basketry hat | culture-material | shōm-lā-lā | basket hat worn by women | loan | Spanish | poo-kah'-kah in Porterville Merriam 44:447 and Yawl 44:521, 531 | simplex | Merriam 44:181 | ||||||||||
| bead | abalorio, mostacilla, cuenta, gota, puca; necklace=collar | miçanga | culture-material | lil-nah | beads | unknown | Porterville | simplex | Merriam 44:449 | |||||||||
| ochre | culture-mythology | missing | missing | |||||||||||||||
| bow | arco | arco | subsistence tool | ne:k'i | to draw a bow | inheritance | *nek'- | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | simplex | Golla 1964 | ||||||||
| canoe | canoa | canoa | transport | missing | missing | |||||||||||||
| carrying net | subsistence tool | ts'uno:7lus | carrying net | unknown | to'-noi 'any net' CHM 44:189 | derived | instrumental -lis | Harrington | ||||||||||
| bottle | botella | garrafa | acculturation | ahCH,ah>ts | bottle | unknown | note o'-sah 'urn or bottleneck' Numic loan | simplex | Merriam 44:189, 531 | |||||||||
| paper | papel | papel | acculturation | missing | missing | |||||||||||||
| chief/leader | jefe, cacique | chefe | culture-mythology | tiy'a7 | leader, captain | inheritance | Proto-Yokutsan | see Yawdanchi di:ya7 'chief' and Palewyami te'-yah | derived | from *de:-yi 'take the lead' Newman 156 | Berman 2002 | |||||||
| club | garrote, cachiporra | clava, porrete | subsistence tool | missing | missing | |||||||||||||
| loincloth | taparrabos, guayuco, pampanilla | tanga, tapa-sexo | dress | trawt'-tim kin'-nep | breech cloth, lit. skin dress | unknown | phrase | Merriam 44:521 | ||||||||||
| cook food | food | hiSi | cook | inheritance | *hish- | Proto-Yokutsan | see Palew form | simplex | Golla 1964 | |||||||||
| corpse | food | tow'-trŏ yo'-kut | corpse | inheritance | Proto-Yokutsan | Palewyami tawta 'dead' | phrase | dead person' | Merriam 44:537 | |||||||||
| dance (generic) | culture-mythology | ha:tham | dance | inheritance | *ha:tham | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | perhaps Yokutian: Callaghan 2001:339 | simplex | Golla 1964 | |||||||||
| deity/powerful spirit/culture figure | dios(es), deidad | divinidade, figura mítica | culture-mythology | Thiphni7 | supernatural being | inheritance | *Thiphni7, *chhiphni7 | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | simplex | Golla 1964 | ||||||||
| digging stick | subsistence tool | to-lo'-we | digging stick | unknown | also ah'-tsĕ, of mountain mahogany | simplex | Merriam 44:529 | |||||||||||
| dipper | subsistence tool | missing | missing | |||||||||||||||
| dream | sueño, soñar | sonho, sonhar | culture-mythology | 7anaTh-wal | dream | inheritance | *7anaTh | Proto-Yokuts | Whistler & Golla 356; I think may be related to Chumashan 7antap | derived | Golla 1964 | |||||||
| drone pipe | culture-mythology | missing | missing | |||||||||||||||
| drum | tambor | tambor | culture-mythology | tam-bool yo-koi | drum | loan | Spanish | WW | %tambor | loan blend, yokoi is 'pot' | phrase | yo-koi is 'pot' | ||||||
| chicken | gallina | galinha | acculturation | 7O:we:7ic' | chicken, rooster | semantic shift | must be name for some other bird, shifted | derived | one who is crowing' (modern 7O:7o:we:(7)-ic') with agentive -ic' | Newman 1944 | ||||||||
| earring | other | pō' | ear pendant (usually a feather 4-5" long) | inheritance | simplex | Merriam 44:523 | ||||||||||||
| ghost (of dead person)/evil spirit | espíritu malo, espíritu maligno, fantasma, demonio | espirito | culture-mythology | hiT'wa:yu7 | Evil One | inheritance | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | Merriam confirms 44:197; also at Porterville Merriam 44:459; note Yawdanchi hitcwaiu 'ghost' Kroeber 275 | derived | Newman 1944 | ||||||||
| fire drill | subsistence tool | wahl'-li | fire drill | unknown | simplex | Merriam 44:527 | ||||||||||||
| fire-tender | culture-mythology | missing | missing | |||||||||||||||
| fireplace | hogar | lareira | other | hOtO:ne:ls-i | fireplace (obj.) | inheritance | Proto-Yokutsan | derived | *hOt'O:ne: 'build a fire' | Newman 1944 | ||||||||
| firewood | leña | lenha | other | hides | wood (for fire) | inheritance | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | hidesh in Chaw? Gash? In Newman before p. 134, search; Harrington has Yawl hit'es 'post, leña' 2,97,0009 | derived | this is verbal noun derived by truncation; *hide:s 'gahter wood' (where * is 'root', not proto) Newman 154 | Newman 1944 | |||||||
| fish (with fish-poison) | pescar con barbasco, barbasquear | pescar com timbó; tinguijar | food | missing | missing | |||||||||||||
| fish (with line) | anzuelear, pescar con linea | pescar (com linha) | food | gaht-lă-ho | fish with hook and line | unknown | derived | extra syllable must mean derivation | Merriam 44:573 | |||||||||
| fish poison | barbasco, matapez (Colombia) | timbó | subsistence tool | missing | missing | |||||||||||||
| fishing line | cordel/cuerda p/ pescar, sedal, tanze | linha de pesca | subsistence tool | missing | missing | |||||||||||||
| fish hook | subsistence tool | t'uk'oj' | fish gig, harpoon (2,97,0296) | unknown | note Proto-N-Yukian t'uk' 'fish gig, spear' | simplex | might be truncated verbal noun but I can't find the verb | Harrington | ||||||||||
| acorn bread | food | sah-sah | acorn bread | inheritance | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | WW | %saw | note Yawd. caca-ñitc acorn bread cooked in hole (Kroeber 1907); also pow-num-too-yă; ki-is 'meal baked on hot stones' Merriam 44:531 | simplex | Merriam 44:195 | ||||||||
| wheat | food | missing | missing | |||||||||||||||
| flute | flauta, quena (Peru) | flauta | culture-mythology | missing | missing | |||||||||||||
| gambling sticks | other | that'-se-ah | should be ah but Excel insists on 'that' | 10 sticks to throw down | unknown | also ki'-es, 2 short and long to hold in hand, also he-pesh 'the counters' at Porterville (44:451) | derived | probably the -a7 suffix | Merriam 44:603 | |||||||||
| game animal | caza, animal de caza | caça, animal de caça | food | missing | missing | |||||||||||||
| ghost (of dead person)/evil spirit | espíritu malo, espíritu maligno, fantasma, demonio | espirito | culture-mythology | hitwaia-n | ghost (objective) | inheritance | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | derived | verbal noun in -a(7)?? | Kroeber 1907 | ||||||||
| glue | subsistence tool | missing | missing | |||||||||||||||
| grave | tumba, sepultura, sepulcro | sepultura, sepulcro, cova | culture-mythology | poCH | grave in ground | unknown | also kahn'-leu (Merriam 44:537; luk'o:l-uwo:l 'cemetery, place for burying one another' Newman 1944:167; loo-ko-loo'-sĕl 'grave in ground' Porterville Merriam 44:459 | simplex | *luk'ul 'bury' | Merriam 44:197 | ||||||||
| alcohol | food | missing | missing | |||||||||||||||
| Datura wrightii | narcotics | tañai | Jimsonweed | inheritance | WW | %tanai | ta:naj JPH 2,97,0179 | simplex | Kroeber 1907 | |||||||||
| shaman, healer | chamán, brujo | xaman, pajé, feiticeiro | culture-mythology | 7anThuw | shaman | inheritance | *7angThiw | Proto--Yokuts | Chumashan loan into PY? Whistler & Golla p. 356 | simplex | Golla 1964 | |||||||
| honey | miel | mel | food | miye:l | bee, honey | loan | Spanish | simplex | Newman 1944 | |||||||||
| house | other | Thi7 | house | inheritance | *Thi7 | Proto-Yokutsan | see Palewyami form | simplex | Gollal 1964 | |||||||||
| hunt | cazar | caçar | food | hoy'-le: | hunt | inheritance | *xoy- | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | derived | xoy 'deer' | Golla 1964 | |||||||
| initiate boy | culture-mythology | missing | missing | |||||||||||||||
| initiate girl | culture-mythology | missing | missing | |||||||||||||||
| knife | cuchillo | faca | culture-material | no-kotch'-ă | knife | inheritance | Proto-Yokutsan | see 'obsidian' | other complex | k'ac' obsidian | Merriam 44:185 | |||||||
| mat | culture-material | tin-ne | tule mat | inheritance | Proto-Yokutsan | also woi-yo-hon-nah where hon-nah is 'brakded' | simplex | Merriam 44:525 | ||||||||||
| mortar | mortero | pilão | subsistence tool | k'oiwoc | portable mortar | inheritance | Proto-General Yokuts | derived | probably -ac' suffix | Kroeber 1962 | ||||||||
| necklace | other | walaTh | necklace, neck ornament, any ornament worn around the neck including necktie' | inheritance | ProtoYokutsan | see Palewyami form | simplex | Berman 2002 | ||||||||||
| needle/awl | subsistence tool | p'a:w'ukh | awl | inheritance | *p'aw'ukh | Proto-Yokutsan | see Palewyami form | simplex | Golla 1964 | |||||||||
| paddle/oar | remo | remo | transport | i-yi | boat pole | inheritance | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | see Yawd form | simplex | Merriam 44:529 | ||||||||
| pestle | pilón, mano de mortero, mazo, moledor | mão de pilão | subsistence tool | pholwoy | pestle for pounding corn | inheritance | Proto-Yokutsan | WW | %polwa | Newman 1944:154 has O…O | simplex | Berman 2002 | ||||||
| pinole | food | missing | missing | |||||||||||||||
| pipe for tobacco | pipa | cachimbo | other | pah'-mung-ti | pipe | inheritance | Proto-Yokutsan | WW | %pa7mo | Merriam sook'-mi 44:187 pipe of manzanita | other complex | root is just &pamun | Berman 2002 | |||||
| pitch | food | sa:xal | pitch | inheritance | *sa:xal | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | Merriam says this is 'native asphalt' and pitch, resin is trah<nul 44:529 | simplex | Golla 1964 | |||||||||
| pot | olla, pote | panela, vasilha | subsistence tool | kā'-wis | vessel for cooking, of baked clay, some a foot across | unknown | see Yawelmani 'bowl for cooking acorns, stone bowl above | simplex | Berman 2002 | |||||||||
| quiver | subsistence tool | mo-got? | quiver | inheritance | Proto-Yokutsan | WW | %mok | same as 'bag or sack'; also maybe tim-mah-hah; see Central Numic 'bag' and 'quiver' words; part of the 'antelope' set?? | simplex | Merriam 44:525 | ||||||||
| rattle | matraca, maraca | marico, chocalho | culture-mythology | san'ac' | rattle (cocoon) | inheritance | *san'- | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | derived | probably -ac' suffix | Golla 1964 | |||||||
| red paint | culture-mythology | ho7jiw | red paint | inheritance | Proto-Yokutsan | CHM 44:523 has only literal trans of English | simplex | Harrington | ||||||||||
| salt | sal | sal | food | khuyu7 | salt | inheritance | *khuyu7 | Utian | Callaghan 1997:33 | simplex | Golla 1964 | |||||||
| seed beater | subsistence tool | hah'-li | seed paddle | unknown | also Porterville Merriam 44:447, also wut-koo-yut 44:531 | simplex | Merriam 44:189 | |||||||||||
| clothing | ropa | roupa | culture-mythology | missing | missing | there is a word for 'belongings', find | ||||||||||||
| sinew-backed bow | subsistence tool | T'alaph | bow (2) | inheritance | *T'alaph | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | simplex | Golla 1964 | ||||||||||
| skirt | falda, saya, fustan, pollera | saia | culture-material | kin'-nip, choo'-nish? | 'front apron of deerskin' | unknown | tso'-nis is 'old-time garment' Merriam 44:521 | simplex | Merriam 44:181 | |||||||||
| snare | subsistence tool | powon'ey | trap (general) | inheritance | Proto-Yokutsan | see Yawd, Palew forms | derived | po:won 'set a trap' | Berman 2002 | |||||||||
| song (generic) | canción, canto | canção | culture-mythology | 7ilik- | a song (noun theme) | inheritance | *7ilik | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | Probably Yok-Utian Callaghan 1997:27; note Yawdanchi 7üdük 'sing' Kroeber 1907:218; merriam 44:199 wĕ-pil 'a song' | simplex | Newman 1944 | |||||||
| spear | lanza | lança | subsistence tool | missing | missing | |||||||||||||
| stirring stick | food | ke-wek'-wi-e | stirring stick | unknown | derived | Merriam 44:529 | ||||||||||||
| rope/string | mecate, cuerda, soga | corda | culture | c'ikey | string | inheritance | *ch'ik- | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | derived | Golla 1964 | ||||||||
| bag, sack | culture-material | mo:qutH | bag or sack | inheritance | Proto-Yokutsan | WW | %mok | Palew mo-ket; Yowl NOT same as antelope which is soi-yal | simplex | Harrington | ||||||||
| string of shell money | other | k'e:xa7 | money | loan into protolanguage | *k'e:xa7 | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | Takic | WW | %kys | simplex | Golla 1964 | |||||||
| sugarcane/sugar | azúcar, caña de azúcar | açucar (de cana) | acculturation | missing | missing | |||||||||||||
| sweathouse | other | moS | sweathouse | inheritance | *mosh | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | WW | %mosh | simplex | Golla 1964 | ||||||||
| tell history | culture-mythology | ho:li7 | to tell a story | unknown | Merriam confirms to-so 'tell a story' 44:587; Newman has doso at 1944:140 | simplex | Harrington | |||||||||||
| cremate | culture-mythology | missing | missing | |||||||||||||||
| tobacco (native) | narcotics | so:k'on | tobacco | inheritance | Yok-Utian | WW | %sokon | Callaghan 1997:41 | simplex | Harrington | ||||||||
| tule boat | transport | 7owon | boat (bundle of tules) | inheritance | *7ow'in (?) | Proto-Yokutsan | Callaghan 2001:322; also oo-loi Merriam 44:529 (there are 2 types -- one where man sits, other for shallow water where he pushes it ahead) | other complex | vowelharmony shows derivation has occurred | Harrington | ||||||||
| white paint | culture-mythology | qoSrots' | white earth (for paint) | unknown | Merriam 44:523 has only literal translation from eng | derived | qoSr 'to paint with white earth' | Harrington | ||||||||||
| winnowing basket | culture-material | chop'-pit, tsap'-pit | circular winnower | unknown | hah'-li is coarse scoop-shaped tray of openwork Merriam 44:601 | simplex | Merriam 44:189, 531 | |||||||||||
| wood tray | subsistence tool | missing | missing | |||||||||||||||
| shoes | zapatos | sapatos | dress | tam'ay | sandal | inheritance | Proto-Yokutsan | Merriam 44:181 has lah'-hiCH 'moccasin'; Merriam 44:339 Yawdanchi tam-mi' 'moccasins for men' ; and CHM's Palewyami tom-mi 'moccasins' gives Py form | simplex | Berman 2002 | ||||||||
| medicine | narcotics | t'oyox | medicine | inheritance | *t'uyox | Proto-Nim-Yokuts | simplex | note t'uyu 'shoot'; Newman p. 15 t'Oyx- 'give medicine' | Golla 1964 | |||||||||
| cradleboard | culture-material | wac'as | cradle | unknown | Merriam confirms 44:189; also Porterville 44:447 | simplex | Berman 2002 | |||||||||||
| policeman | polícia | policía | acculturation | missing | missing | |||||||||||||
| soldier | soldado | soldado | acculturation | tHawTHal | soldado | semantic shift | Proto-Yokutsan | not Sp., means "killer", must be related to the tawta 'die' words | derived | Harrington | ||||||||
| corn | food | masse: | corn | loan | Spanish | WW | %maiz | "probably" says Newman | simplex | Newman 1944 | ||||||||
| beans | food | missing | missing | |||||||||||||||
| cat | gato | gato | acculturation | ga:do: | cat | loan | Spanish | WW | %gato | simplex | Newman 1944 | |||||||
| gun | arma, escopeta | espingarda, fusil | acculturation | missing | missing | |||||||||||||
| hat | sombero | chapéu | dress | missing | missing | probably same loan as 'basketry cap' | ||||||||||||
| clapper | acculturation | missing | missing |