Language | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | General Notes | Source |
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Language | Orthographic Form | Phonemicized Form | Gloss as in Source | Etymology Code | Proto-Form | Proto-Language | Loan Source | Wanderwort Status | Etyma Set | Etymology Notes | Word Structure | Word Structure Notes | General Notes | Source |
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Bankalachi Toloim | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Cahuilla | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Central Sierra Miwok | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Chemehuevi | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Chumash Barbareno | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Chumash Ineseno | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Chumash Obispeno | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Chumash Ventureno | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Cocopa | ku:páp | raft (made of tule or bullrushes) | unknown | derived | Crawford 1989 | |||||||||
Comanche | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Cupeño | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Esselen | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Gabrielino | tah-rīng-hah | tara:ynxa' (H 572 'horqueta') | boat (bundle of tules) | unique | simplex | Merriam 49:103 | ||||||||
Iipay 'Aa | kutuuyaalp | boat (Lit. that which floats, is carried by the water) | unique | derived | agentive ku- | Couro & Hutcheson 1973 | ||||||||
Kawaiisu | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Kiliwa | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Kitanemuk | kwiyáxt | boat, tunamijam made them of tule at Buena Vista Lake | unique | perhaps loan? Odd stress. Merriam hi-ēts-ko-mah-nits boat from bundle of tules 48:101 This is NOT the Yawelmani, Yawdanchi word %owon | other complex | Anderton 1988 | ||||||||
Lake Miwok | nuuh | boat | loan | Hill Patwin | WW | %nuh | Note Proto-Wintun *nuh 'boat' (Shepherd 2006:134); see also Callaghan 2001:322 | simplex | Callaghan 1965 | |||||
Luiseño | wixét, wixee7et | song word, canoe made of tules, balsa raft | semantic shift | *woNko | Uto-Aztecan | PUA 'pine tree', but I wonder if this is a distinct etymon?? Makes no sense (the sewn plank canoe is the BIG wixet (pawxit) | Elliott 1999 | |||||||
Maidu | neum (nŭm) | raft | loan | Wintu | WW | %nuh | note Proto-Wintun *nuh (Shepherd 2006:134); noted by Callagan 2001:322 as resemblant seeming to suggest a "Penutian" cognate??? Also Konkow ny: 'raft' (Ultan 1967:16) | simplex | Merriam 41:353 | |||||
Mojave | kiikwily | raft | unknown | derived | Munro et al. 1992 | |||||||||
Mutsun | o/-wan | canoe | loan | Yokuts | Callaghan 2001 (unless Yok-Utian? More likely loan) | simplex | Henshaw (Heizer 1955) | |||||||
Nisenan | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Northern Paiute | sah'-ke,să-ke | tule mat or raft | inheritance | *saCki | Numic | saisaki 'tule raft' Liljeblad et al. 2012: | simplex | Merriam 46:363 | ||||||
Northern Sierra Miwok | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Plains Miwok | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Salinan A | To/wi'i | boat, raft | loan into protolanguage | Yokuts | proto-Yokutsan loan into Proto-Salinan | other complex | Mason 1918 | |||||||
Salinan M | tuwipe/ | boat, raft | unknown | Proto-Salinan | simplex | Mason 1918 | ||||||||
Seri (Comcaac) | hascám | reed boat, balsa | unknown | simplex | Moser & Marlett 2005 | |||||||||
Serrano | missing | missing | other complex | |||||||||||
Southern Paiute | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Southern Sierra Miwok | wo:te- | boat | loan | Spanish | WW | %bote | simplex | Broadbent 1964 | ||||||
Southern Ute | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Tübatulabal | nīht | tule raft | loan | Southern Sierra Miwok | WW | %nuh | perhaps loan, note Proto-Wintun *nuh, loaned into Maidu, Yuki -- might have reached Tub through Sierra Miwok but I don't have any words for tule raft from Eastern Miwok. Lake Miwok has this etyma set | other complex | K. Hill Tub>Eng | |||||
Tümpisa Shoshone | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Wappo | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Washo | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Western Mono | awOnno | boat, raft | inheritance | *akwo | Numic | Stubbs 2011 1717; could be loan from Yokuts owon??? | derived | Loether & Bethel 1993 | ||||||
Wintu | nuh-doli | raft (?-tied) | loan into protolanguage | *nuh 'boat' | Proto-Wintun | Miwokan | WW | %nuh | Shepherd 2006:134;Callaghan 2001:322 notes matches Maidu nö | compound | Schlichter 1981 | |||
Yavapai | missing | missing | ||||||||||||
Yokuts Palewyami | o'won | boat | inheritance | Proto-Yokutsan | derived | vowel harmony shows derivation | Kroeber 1962 | |||||||
Yokuts Yawdanchi | owon | tule boat | inheritance | *7ow'in (?) | Proto-Yokuts | Callaghan 2001:322 | derived | vowel harmony shows derivation | Kroeber 1907 | |||||
Yokuts Yawelmani | 7owon | boat (bundle of tules) | inheritance | *7ow'in (?) | Proto-Yokutsan | Callaghan 2001:322; also oo-loi Merriam 44:529 (there are 2 types -- one where man sits, other for shallow water where he pushes it ahead) | other complex | vowelharmony shows derivation has occurred | Harrington | |||||
Yuki | 7u:TA:, 7u:Tahol' | boat, raft | unknown | simplex | Sawyer & Schlichter 1984 |
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