Hunter-Gatherer Language Database

deity/powerful spirit/culture figure

Semantic Field: culture-mythology
Part of Speech
Meaning Spanish: dios(es), deidad
Meaning Portuguese: divinidade, figura mítica

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Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Wanderwort Status	Etyma Set	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source

Language	Orthographic Form	Phonemicized Form	Gloss as in Source	Etymology Code	Proto-Form	Proto-Language	Loan Source	Etymology Notes	Word Structure	Word Structure Notes	General Notes	Source
Achagua	kuwáihiri; [others: kutʃí kutʃí, makabani, kahuijali, purunaminali, kamáisani]	kuwáihiri; [others: kutʃí kutʃí, makabani, kahuijali, purunaminali, kamáisani]		inheritance							In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Aché		Apã waču		unique							In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Aguaruna	apa-hui	apa-hui		semantic shift			father'				In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Akawaio	paba	paba		semantic shift			father'	Maybe from 'father'? But referential kin term is distinct.			In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Apalai	ritonõpo 'Deus'	ritonõpo 'Deus'		unknown							In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Araona		baba									Some names of gods are: baba-zoto; baba-wotesa; baba-bizosa; baba ewo-o; baba-c̷aha doc̷i; c̷ekʷa-esi; c̷ekʷa mala.	See Language page
Ashuar	yus	jus									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Ayoreo		Du'paa-deʔ									Also oo du'paa-de ihiʔ, means 'to make yourself a god'.	See Language page
Baniwa	iñápirrikuli	iɲápirikuli		calque, direction unknown		Unknown	Tukanoan; 'one on bone'				In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Bankalachi Toloim	missing			missing
Baure	vekiyiti (god)	vekijiri (god)		unknown							In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone	missing			missing				spirit helper poha-nym-ppyh??
Bora	Píívyéébéé (piívye 'origin'), Mécáánií (me 'our' caanii 'father'), Niimúhe no discernable etymology)	Pʰííβjéépéé, Mékʰáánií, Niimúʔe		unique; unknown							In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Cahuilla	kivasaw (inal)		great spirit, god	unique				does this have /kiva/ in it?	compound, other complex			Seiler & Hioki 1979
Candoshi-Shapra	apaarich (derived from father?)	apaaɾitʃ		semantic shift			from 'father'				In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Carapana	poca	pɔka									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Carijona	rioso (SM)			loan			Spanish				In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Cavineña	yoso; e-duči (G71) (both mean "God"; yoso is from Spanish "Dios")	yoso; e-duči (G71)		loan; inheritance?			Spanish				In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Cayuvava		ko'dapapa ~ o'dapapa									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Central Aymara	dyusa (Spanish loan)	pačamama; wakˀa									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Central Sierra Miwok	tín:y-T:i-		supernatural being, "a great something"	unique				tin:y Pmis 'something'	other complex			Freeland & Broadbent 1960
Cha'palaa		['dʸus]; [dʸus]-'apa									From Span. 'Dios'; 'Dios-father'.	See Language page
Chemehuevi	missing			missing
Chipaya		[yooš]									From Span. 'Dios'.	See Language page
Chiriguano		tũpa; ɲaⁿde-ǰara		inheritance							In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja		--									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Chumash Barbareno	šup		earth, god	inheritance	šup	Proto-Southern Chumash			simplex			Klar 1977
Chumash Ineseno	mah-hoo-how'		World Maker (NOT coyote)	unknown					derived	ma- nmlzr		Merriam 37:529
Chumash Obispeno	missing			missing
Chumash Ventureno	missing			missing
Cocopa	kùkmá:T		a Cocopa, and probably pan-Yuman, deity	unknown					derived			Crawford 1989
Cofán	chiga (god, sun)	tʃiga (god, sun)									phonemic transcriptions are ESTIMATIONS In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Comanche	Atsabi7		Creator, holy spirit (name of deity)	unique					other complex			Robinson & Armagost 1990
Cubeo	jʉ̃menijicʉ	hʉ̃mɛnihikʉ		unknown				Does NOT seem to derive from 'bone'.		Classifier -kɨ	In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Cupeño	chem-yu'at		God	inheritance	*ya7u	Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 2011 1803 -- easy to do metathesis across the *7	phrase, other complex	our-head-ABS'		Hill & Nolasquez 1973
Djeoromitxi	hotõ, karopsihi	hotõ, karopsihi									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Dâw	kegteè	kægtæ̂		calque			ET 'Bone-Son'				In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Epena		'tači a'kʰõre									Lit. 'our.incl.father'.	See Language page
Ese Ejja/Huarayo	e-dosi-kiana (listed under "God")	e-dosi-kiana (listed under "God")									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Esselen	missing			missing
Eñepa	marʸewaka; ariyo', Var. riyo' (MM)	marjewaka; arijoʔ, Var. rijoʔ (MM)		unknown				Alternate:marʸewaka			In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Gabrielino	te-huv-soo-nar, hetekrungaiy 'el dios' (H"315)) (that which is above); $aho:vet H 061		God, good spirit	inheritance	*tu7apa	Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 2011 2570 maybe	other complex			Merriam 49:113
Huambisa	yuus (Spanish loan)	ju:s									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Hup	g'æg=tæ̃h	g'æg=tæ̃h	Bone-Son	calque			ET 'Bone-Son'		Compound	bone son	In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Iipay 'Aa	chawp		mythological spirit embodied in fire ball, meteor	unknown				Maayehaa 'God' (high water)	simplex			Couro & Hutcheson 1973
Iquito	cumáani (also 'father's brother'); p'ɨ-caquíha (lit. our father 'God')	kumáani (also 'father's brother'); p'ɨ-kakíha (lit. our father 'God')		semantic shift							In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Itonama		dihnamu									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Kaingang	topẽ	topɛ̃; ɛ̃ŋ-yɔŋ məŋ									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Kakua	bè-ʔid	bè-ʔid		unknown				Also: hũyu	No info		In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Karajá		[deušu]									From Port. 'Deus'.	See Language page
Kariña	tamusi	tamusi	grandpa; God				Yamada 2010:808
Karitiana	motỹnh	motɨ̃ɲ		unknown							In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Kawaiisu	tugu-bajaa-va7a-dy		God	unique				probably neologism on Christian concept	derived, other complex	sky-in-?-ABS		Zigmond et al. 1990
Kiliwa	mt=ipaa		Creator (earth-being)	unique				inherited elements	compound			Mixco 1985
Kitanemuk	tüvač, nühpa		god (poss) (t), chief (poss) (n), earth, world, etc. (t…)	inheritance	*tu7apa	Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 2011 2570	other complex			Anderton 1988
Kotiria	kohamaku	kohamaku		calque, direction unknown			North Arawak? 'Bone-Son'	Compare Arawak, 'bone' in culture figure name. Also: cohamaco (feminine)	Compound	bone-son'	In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Kwazá	arikwãjũ	arikwãjũ									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Lake Miwok	7oléenawa		Old Man Coyote	inheritance	*ole:-	Proto-Miwokan		Callaghan 1970:94	compound			Callaghan 1965
Lengua		[Dios]									From Span. 'Dios'.	See Language page
Lokono	G. Harliwanli, v. C. Haliwalika, Halwanli, R. Hariwalli, B. Awawanili, Arawidi		powerful diety to whom inanimate things and irrational beings are subject									DeGoeje 1928:199
Luiseño	yuungawish		God, Lord	semantic shift	*jungavish	Cupan		Isn't this the vulture/condor word??? Hill/Miller ju-12	other complex			Elliott 1999
Maca		intata, Dios									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Macaguan	márat		mythological personage, creator of the world	unknown					Simplex		In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Maidu	k'ódojape		Earthmaker, the creator of Maidu mythology	unique					derived	k'ódo 'district, country, area, place, time, year		Shipley 1963
Makiritare	wanādi (IDS) (Means "God")	wana:di		unknown							In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Makushi	paapa	paapa	god	semantic shift			father'	Probably from 'father'			In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Mapoyo	maiwaka, kaato (for the men)	maiwaka, kaato (for the men)									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Mapudungun		ŋɨne-če-n									Ranquel form is ŋɨnečen; pɨta wenṭ͡ʀu; vɨta čao.	See Language page
Matses	icbo ('lord', dueño)	ikbo ('lord', dueño)		unknown							In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Mocoví		ḳo-taʔa									Traditional name for Supreme Being. Cf. 'father' 02.350.	See Language page
Mojave	missing			missing
Mosetén-Chimané		'hen									Introduced term for translating the Bible.	See Language page
Movima	[dios]	[dios]									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Muinane	mócaani ('our father=God'); mohéédeebe (traditional deity)	mókaani ('God'); moʔéédeebe (traditional deity)									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Murui Witoto	Jusiñamuì (God, creator)	husiɲamuì (God, creator, B83)		unknown							In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Mutsun	trah-rah-tah groo-kah		god or good spirit	unknown					phrase			Merriam 39:111
Nheengatu	tupã (old word used to describe spirits causing thunder, but chosen later to describe Christian God.)	tupã (old word used to describe spirits causing thunder, but chosen later to describe Christian God.)		inheritance	*tupã			Reconstructs as 'thunder', but has both meanings in many TG languages; donor for Yucuna tupana, Kaingang topẽ;	Simplex		In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Ninam	teus	teus	god	loan			Portuguese	Also in Warekena Diutsu; Puinave dio; Ashuar jus	Simplex		In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Nisenan	7ajk'at'		creator	unique				7aj- seems to have to do with thought	simplex			Uldall & Shipley 1966
Nivaclé		fic̷ɔkˀɔyič									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Northern Emberá	ãŋkõré	ãŋkõré									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Northern Paiute	numu manumutoodu, manumutoopu		Indian Creators	unique				sumatea Great Spirit, God (32)	phrase			Yerington 1987
Northern Sierra Miwok	kuksuj-u-		a one-legged man with feathers, fear of him can cause stupor and drowsiness (kuksu JHH)	loan			unknown	%kuksu, widespread in California	other complex			Callaghan 1987
Ocaina	bucoome, jonhtúúgoma, xámon	bɯkoome, hõʔtɯ́ɯ́goma, xámõ		unknown							In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Paraguayan Guaraní		ɲaⁿde-'ǰara; tupã									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Paresi	ˈenore	ˈenore		unknown							In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Pemon	kate, potorito (means our father, god) (A1981); katɨ (E1980)	kate, potorito (A1981); katɨ (E1980)		inheritance; unknown		Venezuelan (N. Amazonian) subgroup?		Similar term Waiwai; maybe older. Alternate: potorito			In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Piapoco	cuwáisàiri [others: dios mitico I. Calira. 2. Maachuludani. dios mitológico I. Capilyali. 2. Cuwai. 3. Chamana iweesabaa. 4. Chamani. 5. Chawaliwali. 6. Chunisai. 7. Macabali. 8. Munuani. 9. Macuuchuiri. ("No tiene muslo")	kuwáisàiɾi									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Piaroa	büoka	bɨõka		unknown							In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Pilagá		Inyapoŋ nitin (~ nitiŋ)									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Plains Miwok	missing			missing
Puinave	dio	dio		loan			Spanish				In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Pumé	ɔtɛ 'God' (IDS); Kumanyi 'Creatress, principal deity' (Lin97)										In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Páez	itáqui (Sun)	itaki									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Qawasqar		arḳac̷ewe-ḳc̷es									From Ag. Cf. 'sky' 01.510. Also Ag records yema-arkac̷ewe-c̷kes, cf. 'white man' yema. Bo records arka-kerc̷es.	See Language page
Resígaro	vakéǰo?thoónagí (kéǰo?tú 'create')	vakédʒoʔtʰoónagí		unique			Bora		Derived	kéǰo?tú 'create', -gí gender marker	In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Salinan A	k<enca:niL		God	unknown					other complex	k- stative		Mason 1918
Salinan M	missing			missing
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité		[Tyos]; eŋyaapam									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet		[rios]; iβo									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Secoya	maija'quë	maihaʔkɨ									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Seri (Comcaac)	Hant Caai		creator of the world according to the Seri ancestors (lit. el que hizo el mundo)	unknown					phrase			Moser & Marlett 2005
Serrano	ny-'ajynu'ç		god (literally, 'the one at my right')	unique				Merriam has tamyat < Ca. 48:191)	derived, other complex			K. Hill Dict.
Sikuani	pumeníruwa, kajúyali (Melendez 2014: both Arawak loans)	pumeníruwa, kajúyali (Melendez 2014: both Arawak loans)		loan, loan			Achagua				In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Siona	riusu (Spanis loan)	riusu (Spanis loan)		loan			Spanish				In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Sirionó	[dioso]	[dioso]		loan			Spanish				In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Southern Paiute	tyvatstsI		wolf, powerful one (as mythological being)	inheritance	*tu7apa	Northern Uto-Aztecan		Stubbs 2011 2570; also tuttukua-vI 'guardian spirit' 696	other complex			Sapir
Southern Sierra Miwok	te:pani-		creator	loan			Yokuts		simplex			Broadbent 1964
Southern Ute	sinawavI		Sinawav,God, Great Spirit	unique				"Wolf" under a different name from tyva7atsi	other complex			Charney
Sáliva	llipehaidi 'creator'	dʒipeʔaidi 'creator'		unknown							In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Tariana	yapi-riku-ri	yapi-riku-ri		calque, direction unknown			Tukanoan; 'one on bone'				In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Tikuna	tu3pa3na5 (A58)	tupana		loan			Tupi-Guarani				In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Toba		wiya									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Trumai	atua; atua.nui; hā	atua; atua.nui; hā		unknown							In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Tukano	õ'akɨ̃hɨ	õ'akɨ̃hɨ		calque, direction unknown			North Arawak? 'Bone-Son'		Compound	õ'a-kɨ̃hɨ 'Bone-?'	In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Tuyuka	kõ'ãbãkɨ̃	kõʔãbãkɨ̃									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Tübatulabal	Pangattal		God ("above the sun")	unique				CHM has man-nā'-sar 'the world maker, an old woman who had 5 brothers' (this is Gab manisar 'capitana' and maybe the manit woman 49:277	derived, other complex			K. Hill Tb>Eng
Tümpisa Shoshone	missing			missing
Urarina	kwaaʉn	kwa:ʉn		unknown							In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Wai Wai	kaan	kaan		inheritance							In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Waimiri Atroari	makonaiama (god)	makonaiama (god)									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Waorani	wǽ̨ŋǫ́ŋį (god)		god	unknown			Unknown	Similar forms appear in Carib (Makiritare wana:di); Hup also has this as an alternate term. Maybe from Arawak?			In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Wapishana	tʰumĩĩkʰarɨ	tʰumĩĩkʰarɨ		unknown							In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Wappo	missing			missing
Wari	jam (also 'spirit') (Sousa2009)	jam (also 'spirit') (Sousa2009)									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Washo	detugíti7, detugítiwk		God	unknown					derived	d- nmlzr		Washo Project Dictionary
Wayampi	[nios]	[nios]		loan			Spanish				In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Wayana	kujuli (mythic creator hero)	kujuli (mythic creator hero)		loan			Arawak, e.g. Achagua kawijali				In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Wayuu		maľeiwa									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Western Mono	tYnitoobEbI		the Creator	unique				so-ahp' (made the bedrock mortar holes) Merriam 45:319	compound, other complex			Loether & Bethel 1993
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay		n-ila-'tah; [lios]									From Span. 'Dios'.	See Language page
Wintu	missing			missing
Yagua	judenu	xũndenu		unknown							In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Yaminahua		ɔtɛ									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Yanomam	omama (WM99 - progenitor figure)	omama	progenitor figure	unknown					Simplex		In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Yavapai	missing			missing
Yavitero	Napiruľi	Napiruľi									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Yokuts Palewyami	missing			missing
Yokuts Yawdanchi	Thiphni		supernatural being	inheritance	Thiphni7, chhiphni7	Proto-Nim-Yokuts		Merriam te-gah'-ah 'world maker' 44:197	simplex			Golla 1964
Yokuts Yawelmani	Thiphni7		supernatural being	inheritance	Thiphni7, chhiphni7	Proto-Nim-Yokuts			simplex			Golla 1964
Yuki	missing			missing
Yukpa	Máipor 'God'	Máipor 'God'									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Yukuna	tupana, je'echú	tupana, heʔetʃú		loan; unique			Nheengatu		Simplex		In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page
Záparo	p+atsaw	pɨatsaw									In RN region, frequently translates as 'Bone-Son', 'One on the bone', etc.	See Language page


Achagua
Aché
Aguaruna
Akawaio
Apalai
Araona
Ashuar
Ayoreo
Baniwa
Bankalachi Toloim
Baure
Big Smokey Valley Shoshone
Bora
Cahuilla
Candoshi-Shapra
Carapana
Carijona
Cavineña
Cayuvava
Central Aymara
Central Sierra Miwok
Cha'palaa
Chemehuevi
Chipaya
Chiriguano
Chorote, Iyojwa'ja
Chumash Barbareno
Chumash Ineseno
Chumash Obispeno
Chumash Ventureno
Cocopa
Cofán
Comanche
Cubeo
Cupeño
Djeoromitxi
Dâw
Epena
Ese Ejja/Huarayo
Esselen
Eñepa
Gabrielino
Huambisa
Hup
Iipay 'Aa
Iquito
Itonama
Kaingang
Kakua
Karajá
Kariña
Karitiana
Kawaiisu
Kiliwa
Kitanemuk
Kotiria
Kwazá
Lake Miwok
Lengua
Lokono
Luiseño
Maca
Macaguan
Maidu
Makiritare
Makushi
Mapoyo
Mapudungun
Matses
Mocoví
Mojave
Mosetén-Chimané
Movima
Muinane
Murui Witoto
Mutsun
Nheengatu
Ninam
Nisenan
Nivaclé
Northern Emberá
Northern Paiute
Northern Sierra Miwok
Ocaina
Paraguayan Guaraní
Paresi
Pemon
Piapoco
Piaroa
Pilagá
Plains Miwok
Puinave
Pumé
Páez
Qawasqar
Resígaro
Salinan A
Salinan M
Sanapaná/Dialect Angaité
Sanapaná/Dialect Enlhet
Secoya
Seri (Comcaac)
Serrano
Sikuani
Siona
Sirionó
Southern Paiute
Southern Sierra Miwok
Southern Ute
Sáliva
Tariana
Tikuna
Toba
Trumai
Tukano
Tuyuka
Tübatulabal
Tümpisa Shoshone
Urarina
Wai Wai
Waimiri Atroari
Waorani
Wapishana
Wappo
Wari
Washo
Wayampi
Wayana
Wayuu
Western Mono
Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay
Wintu
Yagua
Yaminahua
Yanomam
Yavapai
Yavitero
Yokuts Palewyami
Yokuts Yawdanchi
Yokuts Yawelmani
Yuki
Yukpa
Yukuna
Záparo

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